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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2025
Commission file number   0-7818
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Michigan38-2032782
(State or jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
4200 East Beltline, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49525
(Address of principal executive offices)
(616) 527-5820
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
NONE
Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each ClassTrading SymbolName of each exchange which registered
Common stock, no par valueIBCP
The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YES ¨ NO x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: common stock, no par value, 20,691,952 as of November 4, 2025.




INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
Number(s)
8-68
69-87
Item 5.
1

Index
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact, including statements that include terms such as ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘forecast,’’ ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘likely,’’ ‘‘optimistic’’ and ‘‘plan’’ and statements about future or projected financial and operating results, plans, projections, objectives, expectations, and intentions, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, descriptions of plans and objectives for future operations, products or services; projections of our future revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance; forecasts of credit losses and other asset quality trends; statements about our business and growth strategies; and expectations about economic and market conditions and trends. These forward-looking statements express our current expectations, forecasts of future events, or long-term goals. They are based on assumptions, estimates, and forecasts that, although believed to be reasonable, may turn out to be incorrect. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including:
economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit, and interest rate risks associated with our business;
economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, particularly economic conditions within Michigan and the regional and local real estate markets in which our bank operates;
the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of, and provisions made to, our allowance for credit losses;
increased competition in the financial services industry, either nationally or regionally;
our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth;
volatility and direction of market interest rates;
the continued services of our management team; and
implementation of new legislation, which may have significant effects on us and the financial services industry.
This list provides examples of factors that could affect the results described by forward-looking statements contained in this report, but the list is not intended to be all-inclusive. The risk factors disclosed in Part I – Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as updated by any new or modified risk factors disclosed in Part II – Item 1A of any subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, include the known risks our management believes could materially affect the results described by forward-looking statements in this report. However, those risks may not be the only risks we face. Our results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and prospects could also be materially and adversely affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us that we currently consider to be immaterial, or that develop after the date of this report. We cannot assure you that our future results will meet expectations. While we believe the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. In addition, these statements speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or alter any statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
2

Index

Part I - Item 1.
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share
amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks$56,378 $56,984 
Interest bearing deposits152,308 62,898 
Cash and Cash Equivalents208,686 119,882 
Securities available for sale502,583 559,182 
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $293,242 at September 30, 2025 and $301,860 at December 31, 2024 )
321,450 339,436 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost18,102 16,099 
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value11,654 7,643 
Loans
Commercial2,125,053 1,937,364 
Mortgage1,517,656 1,516,726 
Installment555,574 584,735 
Total Loans4,198,283 4,038,825 
Allowance for credit losses(62,459)(59,379)
Net Loans4,135,824 3,979,446 
Other real estate and repossessed assets, net589 938 
Property and equipment, net38,805 37,492 
Bank-owned life insurance53,875 53,855 
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights, carried at fair value31,522 46,796 
Other intangibles, net
1,123 1,488 
Goodwill28,300 28,300 
Accrued income and other assets140,600 147,547 
Total Assets$5,493,113 $5,338,104 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Deposits
Non-interest bearing$1,003,521 $1,013,647 
Savings and interest-bearing checking2,040,462 1,995,314 
Reciprocal981,115 907,031 
Time660,815 628,285 
Brokered time173,242 109,811 
Total Deposits4,859,155 4,654,088 
Other borrowings2,006 45,009 
Subordinated debt 39,586 
Subordinated debentures39,847 39,796 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities101,363 104,939 
Total Liabilities5,002,371 4,883,418 
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding
  
Common stock, no par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 20,691,604 shares at September 30, 2025 and 20,895,714 shares at December 31, 2024
311,770 318,777 
Retained earnings239,602 205,853 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(60,630)(69,944)
Total Shareholders’ Equity490,742 454,686 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity$5,493,113 $5,338,104 
See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
3

Index
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(Unaudited) (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans$61,325 $58,410 $178,628 $170,239 
Interest on securities
Taxable3,660 4,502 11,492 14,466 
Tax-exempt2,767 3,404 8,310 10,195 
Other investments1,538 2,018 3,882 4,898 
Total Interest Income69,290 68,334 202,312 199,798 
Interest Expense
Deposits21,972 24,462 63,389 70,148 
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures1,957 2,018 5,262 6,253 
Total Interest Expense23,929 26,480 68,651 76,401 
Net Interest Income45,361 41,854 133,661 123,397 
Provision for credit losses1,991 1,488 4,212 2,251 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses43,370 40,366 129,449 121,146 
Non-interest Income
Interchange income4,157 4,146 10,674 10,698 
Service charges on deposit accounts3,131 3,085 8,926 8,894 
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans1,474 2,177 5,408 4,874 
Equity securities at fair value
 (8) 2,685 
Securities available for sale(36)(145)(355)(414)
Mortgage loan servicing, net74 (3,130)(72)1,686 
Other3,137 3,383 9,105 8,818 
Total Non-interest Income11,937 9,508 33,686 37,241 
Non-interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits21,125 20,048 62,631 62,069 
Data processing3,784 3,379 11,360 9,891 
Occupancy, net2,127 1,893 6,396 5,853 
Interchange expense1,180 1,149 3,476 3,373 
Advertising526 581 2,220 1,860 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment892 932 2,570 2,834 
Loan and collection618 657 2,148 1,868 
FDIC deposit insurance615 664 1,963 2,141 
Communications465 519 1,526 1,633 
Legal and professional682 687 1,661 1,717 
Other2,117 2,074 6,204 4,870 
Total Non-interest Expense34,131 32,583 102,155 98,109 
Income Before Income Tax21,176 17,291 60,980 60,278 
Income tax expense3,674 3,481 11,011 11,949 
Net Income$17,502 $13,810 $49,969 $48,329 
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic$0.85 $0.66 $2.40 $2.31 
Diluted$0.84 $0.65 $2.38 $2.29 
See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
4

Index
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net income$17,502 $13,810 $49,969 $48,329 
Other comprehensive income
Securities available for sale
Unrealized gains arising during period
11,475 11,822 7,972 13,618 
Accretion of net unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity777 818 2,405 2,493 
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in earnings
36 145 355 414 
Unrealized gains recognized in other comprehensive income on securities available for sale
12,288 12,785 10,732 16,525 
Income tax expense
2,581 2,685 2,254 3,470 
Unrealized gains recognized in other comprehensive income on securities available for sale, net of tax
9,707 10,100 8,478 13,055 
Derivative instruments
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period
(1,182)2,744 (485)52 
Reclassification adjustment for expense recognized in earnings610 390 1,543 1,005 
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income on derivative instruments
(572)3,134 1,058 1,057 
Income tax expense (benefit)
(122)658 222 222 
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income on derivative instruments, net of tax
(450)2,476 836 835 
Other comprehensive income
9,257 12,576 9,314 13,890 
Comprehensive income
$26,759 $26,386 $59,283 $62,219 
See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
5

Index
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Nine months ended September 30,
20252024
(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net Income$49,969 $48,329 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash From Operating Activities  
Proceeds from sales of equity securities at fair value
 2,685 
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale265,152 279,046 
Disbursements for loans held for sale(263,956)(276,535)
Provision for credit losses4,212 2,251 
Deferred income tax benefit
(2,600)(150)
Net deferred loan fees
820 149 
Net depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and premiums and accretion of discounts on securities and loans7,518 7,522 
Net gains on mortgage loans(5,408)(4,874)
Net gains on equity securities at fair value
 (2,685)
Net losses on sales of securities available for sale
355 414 
Share based compensation1,968 1,744 
(Increase) decrease in accrued income and other assets
16,520 (2,437)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(5,682)(8,677)
Total Adjustments18,899 (1,547)
Net Cash From Operating Activities68,868 46,782 
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
  
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale30,581 39,431 
Proceeds from the sale of securities held to maturity previously charged off
 1,125 
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities available for sale54,733 66,039 
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities held to maturity 21,848 14,236 
Purchases of securities held to maturity(2,000)(3,628)
Purchases of securities available for sale(17,957) 
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
(3,212) 
Proceeds from the redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock1,209 722 
Net increase in portfolio loans (loans originated, net of principal payments)(178,896)(163,731)
Proceeds from the sale of portfolio loans20,222 14,807 
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance861 889 
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate and repossessed assets735 822 
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment
 299 
Capital expenditures(5,057)(3,941)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(76,933)(32,930)
Cash Flow From (Used in) Financing Activities
  
Net increase in total deposits
205,067 3,996 
Net decrease in other borrowings
(3)(26)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances232,000  
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances(275,000)(50,000)
Repayment of subordinated debt
(40,000) 
Dividends paid(16,220)(15,032)
Repurchase of common stock(7,770) 
Share based compensation withholding obligation(1,205)(1,011)
Net Cash From (Used in) Financing Activities
96,869 (62,073)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents
88,804 (48,221)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period119,882 169,781 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$208,686 $121,560 
Cash paid during the period for  
Interest$68,515 $78,720 
Income taxes11,650 11,400 
Transfers to other real estate and repossessed assets309 864 
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations2,030 2,354 
See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
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Index
INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Common
Stock
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balances at July 1, 2025$311,653 $227,484 $(69,887)$469,250 
Net income, three months ended September 30, 2025— 17,502 — 17,502 
Cash dividends declared, $0.26 per share
— (5,384)— (5,384)
Repurchase of 13,732 shares of common stock
(413)— — (413)
Share based compensation (issuance of 0 shares of common stock)
571 — — 571 
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 1,237 shares of common stock)
(41)— — (41)
Other comprehensive income
— — 9,257 9,257 
Balances at September 30, 2025$311,770 $239,602 $(60,630)$490,742 
Balances at July 1, 2024$317,676 $183,611 $(70,828)$430,459 
Net income, three months ended September 30, 2024— 13,810 — 13,810 
Cash dividends declared, $0.24 per share
— (5,016)— (5,016)
Share based compensation (issuance of 0 shares of common stock)
574 — — 574 
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 1,036 shares of common stock)
(34)— — (34)
Other comprehensive income
— — 12,576 12,576 
Balances at September 30, 2024$318,216 $192,405 $(58,252)$452,369 
Balances at January 1, 2025$318,777 $205,853 $(69,944)$454,686 
Net income, nine months ended September 30, 2025— 49,969 — 49,969 
Cash dividends declared, $0.78 per share
— (16,220)— (16,220)
Repurchase of 266,008 shares of common stock
(7,770)— — (7,770)
Share based compensation (issuance of 94,600 shares of common stock)
1,968 — — 1,968 
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 35,495 shares of common stock)
(1,205)— — (1,205)
Other comprehensive income— — 9,314 9,314 
Balances at September 30, 2025$311,770 $239,602 $(60,630)$490,742 
Balances at January 1, 2024$317,483 $159,108 $(72,142)$404,449 
Net income, nine months ended September 30, 2024— 48,329 — 48,329 
Cash dividends declared, $0.72 per share
— (15,032)— (15,032)
Share based compensation (issuance of 102,324 shares of common stock)
1,744 — — 1,744 
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 40,986 shares of common stock)
(1,011)— — (1,011)
Other comprehensive income— — 13,890 13,890 
Balances at September 30, 2024$318,216 $192,405 $(58,252)$452,369 
See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
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Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.    Preparation of Financial Statements
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial condition as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the results of operations for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The results of operations for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period interim condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. Our critical accounting policies include the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and the valuation of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Refer to our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a disclosure of our accounting policies.
2.    New Accounting Standards
In December, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". This ASU modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). This ASU also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. This ASU takes effect in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2025, did not have a material impact on our interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses". This ASU requires public business entities to disaggregate certain expense captions into specific categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements. This ASU takes effect in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
3.    Securities
Securities available for sale (“AFS”) consist of the following:
Amortized
Cost
Unrealized
GainsLossesFair Value
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
U.S. agency$8,509 $1 $439 $8,071 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed85,014 117 6,935 78,196 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed8,362  907 7,455 
Private label mortgage-backed44,358 262 2,684 41,936 
Other asset backed32,548 24 443 32,129 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions320,802  41,187 279,615 
Corporate56,080 11 1,891 54,200 
Trust preferred989  8 981 
Total$556,662 $415 $54,494 $502,583 
   
December 31, 2024   
U.S. agency$8,858 $1 $700 $8,159 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed80,589 47 9,499 71,137 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed12,821  1,180 11,641 
Private label mortgage-backed74,268 263 4,496 70,035 
Other asset backed39,232 18 734 38,516 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions330,874 14 42,097 288,791 
Corporate73,960  4,039 69,921 
Trust preferred986  4 982 
Total$621,588 $343 $62,749 $559,182 
9

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Securities held to maturity (“HTM”) consist of the following:
Carrying
Value
Transferred
Unrealized
Loss (1)
ACLAmortized
Cost
UnrealizedFair Value
GainsLosses
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
U.S. agency$23,119 $1,280 $ $24,399 $ $3,929 $20,470 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed94,648 7,916  102,564  19,715 82,849 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed3,926 76  4,002  261 3,741 
Private label mortgage-backed7,310 106 2 7,418  315 7,103 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions150,784 4,089 19 154,892 43 15,366 139,569 
Corporate40,706 260 67 41,033  2,523 38,510 
Trust preferred957 39 4 1,000   1,000 
Total$321,450 $13,766 $92 $335,308 $43 $42,109 $293,242 
December 31, 2024
U.S. agency$24,150 $1,404 $ $25,554 $ $4,987 $20,567 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed100,700 8,669  109,369  24,631 84,738 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed4,013 107  4,120  402 3,718 
Private label mortgage-backed7,350 190 1 7,541  551 6,990 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions156,305 5,262 17 161,584 28 19,461 142,151 
Corporate45,964 496 111 46,571  3,875 42,696 
Trust preferred954 43 3 1,000   1,000 
Total$339,436 $16,171 $132 $355,739 $28 $53,907 $301,860 
(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

10

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Our investments' gross unrealized losses and fair values for securities AFS aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been at a continuous unrealized loss position follows:
Less Than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or MoreTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
U.S. agency$1,232 $7 $6,710 $432 $7,942 $439 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed6,395 11 50,236 6,924 56,631 6,935 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed  7,456 907 7,456 907 
Private label mortgage-backed  40,298 2,684 40,298 2,684 
Other asset backed1,021 4 25,368 439 26,389 443 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions155 10 279,299 41,177 279,454 41,187 
Corporate  52,503 1,891 52,503 1,891 
Trust preferred  982 8 982 8 
Total$8,803 $32 $462,852 $54,462 $471,655 $54,494 
December 31, 2024
U.S. agency$324 $1 $7,565 $699 $7,889 $700 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed147  61,219 9,499 61,366 9,499 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed  11,641 1,180 11,641 1,180 
Private label mortgage-backed2,551 8 66,411 4,488 68,962 4,496 
Other asset backed3,984 19 27,052 715 31,036 734 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions221 1 288,570 42,096 288,791 42,097 
Corporate1,473 23 68,448 4,016 69,921 4,039 
Trust preferred  982 4 982 4 
Total$8,700 $52 $531,888 $62,697 $540,588 $62,749 
Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. No securities AFS met these two criteria during the periods presented. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Accrued interest receivable on securities AFS totaled $3.1 million and $3.9
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Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
U.S. agency, U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities — at September 30, 2025, we had 29 U.S. agency, 88 U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and 9 U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. The unrealized losses are largely attributed to widening spreads to Treasury bonds and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.
Private label mortgage backed, other asset backed and corporate securities — at September 30, 2025, we had 50 private label mortgage backed, 37 other asset backed, and 58 corporate securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.
Obligations of states and political subdivisions — at September 30, 2025, we had 290 municipal securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to an increase in interest rates since acquisition.
Trust preferred securities — at September 30, 2025, we had one trust preferred security whose fair value is less than amortized cost. This trust preferred security is a single issue security issued by a trust subsidiary of a bank holding company. The pricing of trust preferred securities has suffered from credit spread widening. This security is rated by a major rating agency as investment grade.
At September 30, 2025 management does not intend to liquidate any of the securities discussed above and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses.
We recorded no credit related charges in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to securities AFS during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The ACL on securities HTM is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit losses. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and consider historical credit loss information. Accrued interest receivable on securities HTM totaled $1.7 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. During the first quarter of 2023, one corporate security (Signature Bank) defaulted resulting in a full charge-off. Subsequent to this security's charge-off, a portion of its fair value had recovered and was subsequently sold during the first quarter of 2024 for $1.1 million during which period we recorded that amount as a recovery to the ACL. Despite this lone security loss, the long-term historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. At those same dates an allowance for credit losses of $92,000 and $132,000, respectively was recorded on non U.S. agency securities HTM based on applying the long-term historical credit loss rate, as published by credit rating agencies, for similarly rated securities.
12

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
On a quarterly basis, we monitor the credit quality of securities HTM through the use of credit ratings. The carrying value of securities HTM aggregated by credit quality follow:
Private
Label
Mortgage-
Backed
Obligations
of States
and Political
Subdivisions
CorporateTrust
Preferred
Carrying
Value
Total
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Credit rating:
AAA$7,310 $17,764 $ $ $25,074 
AA 117,374   117,374 
A 1,886 5,003  6,889 
BBB 443 30,751  31,194 
BB
  1,979  1,979 
Non-rated 13,317 2,973 957 17,247 
Total$7,310 $150,784 $40,706 $957 $199,757 
December 31, 2024
Credit rating:
AAA$7,350 $34,973 $ $ $42,323 
AA 101,112   101,112 
A 3,473 5,005  8,478 
BBB 652 36,045  36,697 
BB  1,963  1,963 
Non-rated 16,095 2,951 954 20,000 
Total$7,350 $156,305 $45,964 $954 $210,573 
13

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by security HTM type for the three months ended September 30 follows:
Private
Label
Mortgage-
Backed
Obligations
of States
and Political
Subdivisions
CorporateTrust
Preferred
Total
(In thousands)
2025
Balance at beginning of period$1 $17 $111 $4 $133 
Additions (deductions)   
Provision for credit losses1 2 (44) (41)
Recoveries credited to the allowance     
Securities HTM charged against the allowance     
Balance at end of period$2 $19 $67 $4 $92 
2024
Balance at beginning of period$4 $31 $116 $4 $155 
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses(3)(14)(5) (22)
Recoveries credited to the allowance     
Securities HTM charged against the allowance     
Balance at end of period$1 $17 $111 $4 $133 














14

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by security HTM type for the nine months ended September 30 follows:
Private
Label
Mortgage-
Backed
Obligations
of States
and Political
Subdivisions
CorporateTrust
Preferred
Total
(In thousands)
2025
Balance at beginning of period$1 $17 $111 $3 $132 
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses1 2 (44)1 (40)
Recoveries credited to the allowance     
Securities HTM charged against the allowance     
Balance at end of period$2 $19 $67 $4 $92 
2024
Balance at beginning of period$4 $33 $116 $4 $157 
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses(3)(16)(1,130) (1,149)
Recoveries credited to the allowance  1,125  1,125 
Securities HTM charged against the allowance     
Balance at end of period$1 $17 $111 $4 $133 

The amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS and securities HTM at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, follow:
Securities AFSSecurities HTM
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
Maturing within one year$24,490 $24,216 $13,117 $12,967 
Maturing after one year but within five years127,044 120,736 48,794 46,630 
Maturing after five years but within ten years42,007 38,417 91,368 82,613 
Maturing after ten years192,839 159,498 68,045 57,339 
386,380 342,867 221,324 199,549 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed85,014 78,196 102,564 82,849 
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed8,362 7,455 4,002 3,741 
Private label mortgage-backed44,358 41,936 7,418 7,103 
Other asset backed32,548 32,129   
Total$556,662 $502,583 $335,308 $293,242 
The actual maturity may differ from the contractual maturity because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
15

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Gains and losses realized on the sale of securities AFS are determined using the specific identification method and are recognized on a trade-date basis. A summary of proceeds from the sale of securities AFS and gains and losses for the nine month periods ending September 30, follows:
Realized
ProceedsGainsLosses
(In thousands)
2025$30,581 $37 $392 
202439,431 14 428 
During the second quarter of 2024 we acquired certain securities classified as equity securities at fair value consisting of Visa Inc. Class C common stock. These securities were all sold during the second and third quarters of 2024. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized gains (losses) on these equity securities of $(0.01) million and $2.7 million, respectively that are included in net gains on equity securities at fair value in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We had no equity securities at fair value during the same periods in 2025. See note #13.

16

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
4.    Loans
We estimate the ACL based on relevant available information from both internal and external sources, including historical loss trends, current conditions and forecasts, specific analysis of individual loans, and other relevant and appropriate factors. The ACL process is designed to provide for expected future losses based on our reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) forecast as of the reporting date. Our ACL process is administered by our Risk Management group utilizing a third party software solution, with significant input and ultimate approval from our Executive Enterprise Risk Committee. Further, we have established a current expected credit loss ("CECL") Forecast Committee, which includes a cross discipline structure with membership from Executive Management, Risk Management, Credit Administration and Accounting, which approves ACL model assumptions each quarter. Our ACL is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, R&S forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolio.
The first ACL element (specific allocations) includes loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and are evaluated on an individual basis. We will typically evaluate on an individual basis loans that are on nonaccrual; commercial loans that have been modified resulting in a concession, for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and which are considered loan modifications or with well defined weaknesses; and severely delinquent mortgage and installment loans. When we determine that foreclosure is probable or when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of underlying collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for estimated selling costs. For loans evaluated on an individual basis that are not determined to be collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine expected credit losses.
The second ACL element (pooled analysis) includes loans with similar risk characteristics, which are broken down by segment, class, and risk metric. The Bank’s primary segments of commercial, mortgage, and installment loans are further classified by other relevant attributes, such as collateral type, lien position, occupancy status, amortization method, and balance size. Commercial classes are additionally segmented by risk rating, and mortgage and installment loan classes by credit score tier, which are updated at least semi-annually.
We utilize a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to estimate expected future losses for pooled loans. Expected future cash flows are developed from payment schedules over the contractual term, adjusted for forecasted default (probability of default), loss, and prepayment assumptions. We are not required to develop forecasts over the full contractual term of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Rather, for periods beyond which we are able to make or obtain R&S forecasts of expected credit losses, we revert to the long term average on a straight line or immediate basis, as determined by our CECL Forecast Committee, and which may vary depending on the economic outlook and uncertainty.
The DCF model for the mortgage and installment pooled loan segments includes using probability of default (“PD”) assumptions that are derived through regression analysis with forecasted US unemployment levels by credit score tier. We review a composite forecast of approximately 50 analysts as well as the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) projections in setting the unemployment forecast for the R&S period. The current ACL utilizes a one year R&S forecast followed by immediate reversion to the 75 year average unemployment rate. PD assumptions for the remaining segments are based primarily on historical rates by risk metric as defaults were not strongly correlated with any economic indicator. Loss given default (“LGD”) assumptions for the mortgage loan segment are based on a two years forecast followed by a two year straight line reversion period to the longer term average, while LGD rates for the remaining segments are the historical average for the entire period. Prepayment assumptions represent average rates per segment for a period determined by the CECL Forecast Committee and as calculated through the Bank’s Asset and Liability Management program.
Pooled reserves for the commercial loan segment are calculated using the DCF model with assumptions generally based on historical averages by class and risk rating. Effective risk rating practices allow for strong predictability of defaults and losses over the portfolio’s expected shorter duration, relative to mortgage and installment loans. Our rating system is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators.
The third ACL element (additional allocations based on subjective factors) is based on factors that cannot be associated with a specific credit or loan category and reflects our attempt to ensure that the overall ACL appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. We adjust our quantitative model for certain qualitative factors to reflect the extent to which management expects current conditions and R&S forecasts to differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. The qualitative
17

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
framework reflects changes related to relevant data, such as changes in asset quality trends, portfolio growth and composition, national and local economic factors, credit policy and administration and other factors not considered in the base quantitative model. We utilize a survey completed by business unit management throughout the Bank, as well as discussion with the CECL Forecast Committee to establish reserves under the qualitative framework.
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended September 30, follows:
Commercial Mortgage Installment Subjective
Allocation
Total
(In thousands)
2025
Balance at beginning of period$25,890 $20,752 $3,015 $11,500 $61,157 
Additions (deductions)   
Provision for credit losses2,587 (231)470 (794)2,032 
Recoveries credited to the allowance7 35 431  473 
Loans charged against the allowance (10)(1,193) (1,203)
Balance at end of period$28,484 $20,546 $2,723 $10,706 $62,459 
2024
Balance at beginning of period$18,979 $20,731 $3,901 $12,630 $56,241 
Additions (deductions)  
Provision for credit losses1,082 (1,004)1,156 276 1,510 
Recoveries credited to the allowance101 131 479  711 
Loans charged against the allowance (26)(992) (1,018)
Balance at end of period$20,162 $19,832 $4,544 $12,906 $57,444 

18

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
An analysis of the ACL by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, follows:
Commercial Mortgage Installment Subjective
Allocation
Total
(In thousands)
2025
Balance at beginning of period$22,872 $22,317 $3,040 $11,150 $59,379 
Additions (deductions)    
Provision for credit losses5,617 (1,850)929 (444)4,252 
Recoveries credited to the allowance73 205 1,326  1,604 
Loans charged against the allowance(78)(126)(2,572) (2,776)
Balance at end of period$28,484 $20,546 $2,723 $10,706 $62,459 
    
2024    
Balance at beginning of period$16,724 $21,386 $4,126 $12,422 $54,658 
Additions (deductions)    
Provision for credit losses3,199 (1,524)1,241 484 3,400 
Recoveries credited to the allowance239 270 1,597  2,106 
Loans charged against the allowance (300)(2,420) (2,720)
Balance at end of period$20,162 $19,832 $4,544 $12,906 $57,444 
19

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Loans on non-accrual status and past due more than 90 days (“Non-performing Loans”) follow:
Non-
Accrual
with no
Allowance
for Credit
Loss
Non-
Accrual
with an
Allowance
for Credit
Loss
Total
Non-
Accrual
90+ and
Still
Accruing
Total Non-
Performing
Loans
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)$ $ $ $ $ 
Commercial real estate 13,825 13,825  13,825 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo1,480  1,480  1,480 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)1,659 718 2,377  2,377 
1-4 family non-owner occupied139 93 232  232 
1-4 family - 2nd lien725 759 1,484  1,484 
Resort lending 57 57  57 
Installment
Boat lending 400 400  400 
Recreational vehicle lending 288 288  288 
Other 212 212  212 
Total
$4,003 $16,352 $20,355 $ $20,355 
Accrued interest excluded from total$— $— $— $ $ 
December 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)$ $49 $49 $ $49 
Commercial real estate     
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo1,480  1,480  1,480 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)1,929 496 2,425  2,425 
1-4 family non-owner occupied 157 157  157 
1-4 family - 2nd lien246 769 1,015  1,015 
Resort lending 143 143  143 
Installment
Boat lending 209 209  209 
Recreational vehicle lending 377 377  377 
Other 147 147  147 
Total$3,655 $2,347 $6,002 $ $6,002 
Accrued interest excluded from total$— $— $— $ $ 
(1)Non-performing commercial and industrial loans exclude zero and $0.005 million of government guaranteed loans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(2)Non-performing 1-4 family owner occupied – non jumbo loans exclude $2.243 million and $1.785 million of government guaranteed loans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
20

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table provides collateral information by class of loan for collateral-dependent loans with specific allocations of the ACL. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral.
The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans by class follows:
Collateral TypeAllowance
for
Credit Losses
Real
Estate
Other (1)
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Commercial
Commercial and industrial$687 $9,180 $1,481 
Commercial real estate15,012  3,459 
Mortgage   
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo1,480   
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo2,688  366 
1-4 family non-owner occupied154  5 
1-4 family - 2nd lien1,032  109 
Resort lending57  20 
Installment
Boat lending 318 113 
Recreational vehicle lending 215 76 
Other 88 31 
Total$21,110 $9,801 $5,660 
Accrued interest excluded from total$8 $56  
December 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial$686 $5,166 $1,647 
Commercial real estate817  3 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo1,480   
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo2,903  347 
1-4 family non-owner occupied   
1-4 family - 2nd lien510  94 
Resort lending143  51 
Installment
Boat lending 87 31 
Recreational vehicle lending 266 94 
Other 92 33 
Total$6,539 $5,611 $2,300 
Accrued interest excluded from total$5 $34  
(1) Commercial and industrial loan collateral generally includes machinery and equipment, accounts receivable, and inventory.
21

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
An aging analysis of loans by class follows:
Loans Past DueLoans not
Past Due
Total
Loans
30-59 days60-89 days90+ daysTotal
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Commercial
Commercial and industrial$ $ $ $ $1,118,967 $1,118,967 
Commercial real estate    1,006,086 1,006,086 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo662 1,402 1,491 3,555 875,248 878,803 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo1,371 1,169 1,337 3,877 284,743 288,620 
1-4 family non-owner occupied61 36 140 237 169,001 169,238 
1-4 family - 2nd lien721 309 411 1,441 151,749 153,190 
Resort lending 115 57 172 27,633 27,805 
Installment
Boat lending199 35 318 552 278,853 279,405 
Recreational vehicle lending627 251 192 1,070 199,274 200,344 
Other324 162 63 549 75,276 75,825 
Total$3,965 $3,479 $4,009 $11,453 $4,186,830 $4,198,283 
Accrued interest excluded from total$32 $36 $ $68 $14,089 $14,157 
December 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial$78 $ $54 $132 $1,001,197 $1,001,329 
Commercial real estate    936,035 936,035 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo755 664 1,480 2,899 872,652 875,551 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo3,395 1,653 1,201 6,249 292,893 299,142 
1-4 family non-owner occupied329   329 176,621 176,950 
1-4 family - 2nd lien648 66 345 1,059 132,888 133,947 
Resort lending  143 143 30,993 31,136 
Installment
Boat lending281 99 87 467 263,874 264,341 
Recreational vehicle lending622 395 190 1,207 223,330 224,537 
Other231 158 25 414 95,443 95,857 
Total$6,339 $3,035 $3,525 $12,899 $4,025,926 $4,038,825 
Accrued interest excluded from total$65 $44 $ $109 $13,352 $13,461 

22

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
During the three months ended September 30, 2025 there were no loans modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 there were two mortgage - 1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaling $0.10 million (0.1% of the total loan class). Both of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 related to term extensions and added a weighted average 12.0 years to the life of the loans. One of the loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 also received a 4.75% interest rate reduction. Both of the loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were on non-accrual status.
During the three months ended September 30, 2024 there was one mortgage - 1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo loan modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty totaling $0.08 million (0.1% of the total loan class). The modification during the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to a term extension that added a weighted average 2.1 years to the life of the loan.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 there were five mortgage - 1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo loans, one mortgage 1-4 family - 2nd lien loan, and one installment - other loan modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaling $0.51 million (0.1% of the total loan class), $0.07 million (0.1% of the total loan class), and $0.01 million (0.1% of the total loan class), respectively. All of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to term extensions and added a weighted average 2.1 years to the life of the loans. All of the loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were on non-accrual status.
As of September 30, 2025, none of the loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty within the past 12 months have subsequently defaulted.
A loan is generally considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms for commercial loans and installment loans and when four consecutive payments are missed for mortgage loans.
In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, we perform an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.
Credit Quality Indicators – As part of our on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolios, we track certain credit quality indicators including (a) risk grade of commercial loans, (b) the level of classified commercial loans, (c) credit scores of mortgage and installment loan borrowers, and (d) delinquency history and non-performing loans.
For commercial loans, we use a loan rating system that is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 12. A description of the general characteristics of the ratings follows:
Rating 1 through 6: These loans are generally referred to as our “non-watch” commercial credits that include very high or exceptional credit fundamentals through acceptable credit fundamentals.
Rating 7 and 8: These loans are generally referred to as our “watch” commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or downward trends. If not checked or cured these trends could weaken our asset or credit position. While potentially weak, no loss of principal or interest is envisioned with these ratings.
Rating 9: These loans are generally referred to as our “substandard accruing” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that exhibit a well-defined weakness where payment default is probable and loss is possible if deficiencies are not corrected. Generally, loans with this rating are considered collectible as to both principal and interest primarily due to collateral coverage.
Rating 10 and 11: These loans are generally referred to as our ‘‘substandard - non-accrual’’ and ‘‘doubtful’’ commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers with weaknesses that make collection of the loan in full, on the basis of current facts, conditions and values at best questionable and at worst improbable. All of these loans are placed in non-accrual.
Rating 12: These loans are generally referred to as our “loss” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that are deemed incapable of repayment and are charged-off.
23

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The following tables summarize loan ratings by loan class for our commercial portfolio loan segment at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Commercial
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20252024202320222021Prior
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)$134,978 $193,874 $137,933 $115,430 $59,345 $151,690 $297,535 $1,090,785 
Watch (7-8)146 1,953 2,848 935 1,270 6,940 4,224 18,316 
Substandard Accrual (9) 1,845   881 290 6,850 9,866 
Non-Accrual (10-11)        
Total$135,124 $197,672 $140,781 $116,365 $61,496 $158,920 $308,609 $1,118,967 
Accrued interest excluded from total$376 $557 $465 $292 $143 $626 $1,198 $3,657 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $78 $ $ $ $ $78 
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)$133,658 $165,637 $171,323 $165,496 $70,317 $185,779 $59,315 $951,525 
Watch (7-8)8,232 1,317 8,096 16,588  4,967 346 39,546 
Substandard Accrual (9)  401  129 660  1,190 
Non-Accrual (10-11)  13,825     13,825 
Total$141,890 $166,954 $193,645 $182,084 $70,446 $191,406 $59,661 $1,006,086 
Accrued interest excluded from total$454 $574 $520 $624 $146 $653 $224 $3,195 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)$268,636 $359,511 $309,256 $280,926 $129,662 $337,469 $356,850 $2,042,310 
Watch (7-8)8,378 3,270 10,944 17,523 1,270 11,907 4,570 57,862 
Substandard Accrual (9) 1,845 401  1,010 950 6,850 11,056 
Non-Accrual (10-11)  13,825     13,825 
Total$277,014 $364,626 $334,426 $298,449 $131,942 $350,326 $368,270 $2,125,053 
Accrued interest excluded from total$830 $1,131 $985 $916 $289 $1,279 $1,422 $6,852 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $78 $ $ $ $ $78 
24

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20242023202220212020Prior
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)$183,261 $137,270 $142,630 $71,225 $72,928 $106,086 $242,573 $955,973 
Watch (7-8)10,348 3,055 1,251 9,002 5,636 336 2,104 31,732 
Substandard Accrual (9)2,693 2,052 1,642 2,208 267 195 4,513 13,570 
Non-Accrual (10-11)   47  7  54 
Total$196,302 $142,377 $145,523 $82,482 $78,831 $106,624 $249,190 $1,001,329 
Accrued interest excluded from total$612 $478 $361 $217 $342 $341 $959 $3,310 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)$142,154 $236,390 $153,321 $75,053 $49,969 $166,966 $72,879 $896,732 
Watch (7-8)  16,007   4,400 18,079 38,486 
Substandard Accrual (9)   135  682  817 
Non-Accrual (10-11)        
Total$142,154 $236,390 $169,328 $75,188 $49,969 $172,048 $90,958 $936,035 
Accrued interest excluded from total$608 $632 $628 $166 $131 $658 $363 $3,186 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)$325,415 $373,660 $295,951 $146,278 $122,897 $273,052 $315,452 $1,852,705 
Watch (7-8)10,348 3,055 17,258 9,002 5,636 4,736 20,183 70,218 
Substandard Accrual (9)2,693 2,052 1,642 2,343 267 877 4,513 14,387 
Non-Accrual (10-11)   47  7  54 
Total$338,456 $378,767 $314,851 $157,670 $128,800 $278,672 $340,148 $1,937,364 
Accrued interest excluded from total$1,220 $1,110 $989 $383 $473 $999 $1,322 $6,496 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
For each of our mortgage and installment portfolio segment classes, we generally monitor credit quality based on the credit scores of the borrowers. These credit scores are generally updated semi-annually.
25

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The following tables summarize credit scores by loan class for our mortgage and installment loan portfolio segments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Mortgage (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20252024202320222021Prior
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above$8,154 $5,850 $10,895 $39,616 $59,830 $31,923 $709 $156,977 
750-79929,151 34,883 33,679 89,609 184,279 81,095 1,148 453,844 
700-74914,630 16,074 13,007 40,329 54,308 31,822 2,494 172,664 
650-6995,056 4,115 7,639 15,332 14,096 18,197  64,435 
600-6491,129 746 3,569 6,936 1,574 4,604  18,558 
550-599 871 995 2,626 1,677 2,068  8,237 
500-549   681 725 1,959  3,365 
Under 500     723  723 
Unknown        
Total$58,120 $62,539 $69,784 $195,129 $316,489 $172,391 $4,351 $878,803 
Accrued interest excluded from total$265 $307 $353 $595 $716 $460 $38 $2,734 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above$3,699 $1,312 $3,317 $12,283 $9,875 $15,521 $4,602 $50,609 
750-7996,470 7,607 11,573 29,361 21,473 28,383 14,934 119,801 
700-7491,585 4,490 5,653 9,416 8,829 26,194 4,289 60,456 
650-6991,822 1,647 939 4,979 2,583 14,992 1,536 28,498 
600-649468  214 1,743 1,844 6,257 207 10,733 
550-599 295 492 579 1,239 6,780 55 9,440 
500-549   739 263 5,714 129 6,845 
Under 500 85  420 98 1,611 24 2,238 
Unknown        
Total$14,044 $15,436 $22,188 $59,520 $46,204 $105,452 $25,776 $288,620 
Accrued interest excluded from total$91 $123 $93 $193 $109 $395 $192 $1,196 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $19 $6 $5 $ $30 
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above$2,006 $2,096 $2,684 $5,055 $11,718 $10,486 $546 $34,591 
750-7997,841 12,530 9,536 13,117 25,707 20,297 1,716 90,744 
700-7491,244 4,017 3,340 5,876 3,603 9,821 1,575 29,476 
650-6991,161 26 533 243 3,273 5,525 226 10,987 
600-649  33 60 451 1,461 57 2,062 
550-599    51 598  649 
500-549   369  178  547 
Under 500     182  182 
Unknown        
Total$12,252 $18,669 $16,126 $24,720 $44,803 $48,548 $4,120 $169,238 
Accrued interest excluded from total$54 $104 $80 $94 $118 $190 $29 $669 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $10 $ $10 
26

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Mortgage - continued (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20252024202320222021Prior
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025 - continued
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above$1,803 $219 $543 $661 $581 $2,067 $16,098 $21,972 
750-7992,787 3,044 2,646 1,710 2,914 3,637 54,000 70,738 
700-7491,148 1,406 1,078 1,731 648 2,258 29,196 37,465 
650-699387 198 446 418 387 1,706 11,339 14,881 
600-649 40 230 22 345 582 2,266 3,485 
550-599  397 78 54 562 1,061 2,152 
500-549  84 163 231 1,068 438 1,984 
Under 500  297   216  513 
Unknown        
Total$6,125 $4,907 $5,721 $4,783 $5,160 $12,096 $114,398 $153,190 
Accrued interest excluded from total$21 $18 $27 $18 $14 $41 $805 $944 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Resort lending
800 and above$ $ $23 $ $411 $3,326 $ $3,760 
750-799121   604 471 12,767  13,963 
700-749     4,391  4,391 
650-699    292 4,456  4,748 
600-649     549  549 
550-599     394  394 
500-549        
Under 500        
Unknown        
Total$121 $ $23 $604 $1,174 $25,883 $ $27,805 
Accrued interest excluded from total$1 $ $ $2 $3 $138 $ $144 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $86 $ $86 
Total Mortgage
800 and above$15,662 $9,477 $17,462 $57,615 $82,415 $63,323 $21,955 $267,909 
750-79946,370 58,064 57,434 134,401 234,844 146,179 71,798 749,090 
700-74918,607 25,987 23,078 57,352 67,388 74,486 37,554 304,452 
650-6998,426 5,986 9,557 20,972 20,631 44,876 13,101 123,549 
600-6491,597 786 4,046 8,761 4,214 13,453 2,530 35,387 
550-599 1,166 1,884 3,283 3,021 10,402 1,116 20,872 
500-549  84 1,952 1,219 8,919 567 12,741 
Under 500 85 297 420 98 2,732 24 3,656 
Unknown        
Total$90,662 $101,551 $113,842 $284,756 $413,830 $364,370 $148,645 $1,517,656 
Accrued interest excluded from total$432 $552 $553 $902 $960 $1,224 $1,064 $5,687 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $19 $6 $101 $ $126 

27

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Mortgage (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20242023202220212020Prior
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above$5,009 $12,192 $37,147 $51,242 $22,126 $14,291 $ $142,007 
750-79933,118 43,013 106,378 194,725 58,703 35,103 1,275 472,315 
700-74913,981 13,602 40,219 68,687 17,552 11,669 450 166,160 
650-6994,537 10,286 19,366 15,736 6,937 6,555 1,500 64,917 
600-649 2,265 9,528 1,636 2,288 4,619  20,336 
550-599746  2,414 1,086 2,803   7,049 
500-549    900 664  1,564 
Under 500 485    718  1,203 
Unknown        
Total$57,391 $81,843 $215,052 $333,112 $111,309 $73,619 $3,225 $875,551 
Accrued interest excluded from total$264 $377 $634 $712 $264 $238 $31 $2,520 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $22 $ $ $ $ $22 
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above$1,919 $2,113 $14,018 $8,928 $3,089 $9,138 $4,066 $43,271 
750-79912,472 10,604 26,405 21,548 14,028 23,586 10,429 119,072 
700-7497,927 7,110 12,810 9,598 5,492 21,692 4,231 68,860 
650-6998,258 2,758 5,586 4,885 2,262 12,820 1,848 38,417 
600-649682 126 1,001 762 2,459 6,757 180 11,967 
550-599 213 365 794 996 3,438 40 5,846 
500-54987  1,523 948 278 5,780  8,616 
Under 500   98 652 2,343  3,093 
Unknown        
Total$31,345 $22,924 $61,708 $47,561 $29,256 $85,554 $20,794 $299,142 
Accrued interest excluded from total$105 $139 $195 $113 $77 $368 $163 $1,160 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $23 $ $22 $ $45 
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above$4,122 $1,557 $7,468 $12,757 $4,204 $6,975 $897 $37,980 
750-79911,433 12,831 15,929 25,543 9,920 16,439 2,539 94,634 
700-7493,372 3,218 6,289 6,401 1,308 6,131 2,072 28,791 
650-6991,016 431 297 4,115 2,552 3,560 332 12,303 
600-649    410 930 108 1,448 
550-599 38    919  957 
500-549  369 51  221  641 
Under 500     196  196 
Unknown        
Total$19,943 $18,075 $30,352 $48,867 $18,394 $35,371 $5,948 $176,950 
Accrued interest excluded from total$84 $85 $119 $134 $48 $166 $44 $680 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $158 $ $158 




28

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

Mortgage - continued (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Total
20242023202220212020Prior
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024 - (continued)
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above$751 $249 $219 $185 $1,161 $859 $12,245 $15,669 
750-7993,209 2,717 2,290 3,065 1,604 3,825 44,896 61,606 
700-7491,358 942 1,898 1,239 932 2,123 26,687 35,179 
650-699268 450 655 313 251 1,385 10,979 14,301 
600-649 39 204 197 328 769 2,084 3,621 
550-599 297 37 51  357 512 1,254 
500-549 59 101 95  768 919 1,942 
Under 500  20   350 5 375 
Unknown        
Total$5,586 $4,753 $5,424 $5,145 $4,276 $10,436 $98,327 $133,947 
Accrued interest excluded from total$19 $23 $18 $11 $13 $42 $720 $846 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $3 $22 $25 
Resort lending
800 and above$ $ $ $534 $ $4,079 $ $4,613 
750-799 39 639 740 724 12,845  14,987 
700-749  268  212 4,851  5,331 
650-699    354 4,622  4,976 
600-649     1,051  1,051 
550-599     92  92 
500-549     86  86 
Under 500        
Unknown        
Total$ $39 $907 $1,274 $1,290 $27,626 $ $31,136 
Accrued interest excluded from total$ $ $4 $3 $4 $140 $ $151 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $50 $ $50 
Total Mortgage
800 and above$11,801 $16,111 $58,852 $73,646 $30,580 $35,342 $17,208 $243,540 
750-79960,232 69,204 151,641 245,621 84,979 91,798 59,139 762,614 
700-74926,638 24,872 61,484 85,925 25,496 46,466 33,440 304,321 
650-69914,079 13,925 25,904 25,049 12,356 28,942 14,659 134,914 
600-649682 2,430 10,733 2,595 5,485 14,126 2,372 38,423 
550-599746 548 2,816 1,931 3,799 4,806 552 15,198 
500-54987 59 1,993 1,094 1,178 7,519 919 12,849 
Under 500 485 20 98 652 3,607 5 4,867 
Unknown        
Total$114,265 $127,634 $313,443 $435,959 $164,525 $232,606 $128,294 $1,516,726 
Accrued interest excluded from total$472 $624 $970 $973 $406 $954 $958 $5,357 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $22 $23 $ $233 $22 $300 
(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.




29

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Installment (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20252024202320222021PriorTotal
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Boat lending
800 and above$8,642 $4,290 $7,205 $7,795 $6,530 $10,664 $45,126 
750-79930,763 21,874 25,400 22,955 22,194 30,864 154,050 
700-74910,039 11,858 7,825 11,108 8,671 11,428 60,929 
650-6991,031 2,308 2,241 2,506 1,983 3,541 13,610 
600-649204 485 480 584 504 998 3,255 
550-59953 81 68 311 418 533 1,464 
500-549 103 104 198 190 174 769 
Under 500  35 133  34 202 
Unknown       
Total$50,732 $40,999 $43,358 $45,590 $40,490 $58,236 $279,405 
Accrued interest excluded from total$174 $162 $167 $104 $91 $125 $823 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $13 $ $247 $28 $79 $367 
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above$660 $948 $3,635 $9,099 $8,302 $8,583 $31,227 
750-7993,895 9,232 9,158 30,951 28,395 18,304 99,935 
700-7491,040 3,921 5,055 12,181 15,017 8,264 45,478 
650-699121 963 1,688 4,718 4,489 2,766 14,745 
600-649 323 526 995 1,677 691 4,212 
550-5997 137 284 576 1,109 535 2,648 
500-549 39 131 387 604 374 1,535 
Under 500 69 73 202 171 49 564 
Unknown       
Total$5,723 $15,632 $20,550 $59,109 $59,764 $39,566 $200,344 
Accrued interest excluded from total$23 $57 $73 $144 $136 $88 $521 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $11 $140 $232 $399 $109 $891 
Other
800 and above$1,759 $537 $1,188 $1,228 $671 $1,026 $6,409 
750-7998,060 7,125 5,472 5,024 2,958 5,197 33,836 
700-7495,323 4,749 3,679 3,362 2,158 3,416 22,687 
650-6992,407 1,708 1,294 810 732 1,196 8,147 
600-649124 580 271 457 207 437 2,076 
550-599 189 231 254 144 267 1,085 
500-549 74 150 202 171 129 726 
Under 500 11 25 33 29 32 130 
Unknown729      729 
Total$18,402 $14,973 $12,310 $11,370 $7,070 $11,700 $75,825 
Accrued interest excluded from total$57 $63 $46 $28 $17 $63 $274 
Current period gross charge-offs$1,092 $38 $32 $58 $29 $65 $1,314 
Total installment
800 and above$11,061 $5,775 $12,028 $18,122 $15,503 $20,273 $82,762 
750-79942,718 38,231 40,030 58,930 53,547 54,365 287,821 
700-74916,402 20,528 16,559 26,651 25,846 23,108 129,094 
650-6993,559 4,979 5,223 8,034 7,204 7,503 36,502 
600-649328 1,388 1,277 2,036 2,388 2,126 9,543 
550-59960 407 583 1,141 1,671 1,335 5,197 
500-549 216 385 787 965 677 3,030 
Under 500 80 133 368 200 115 896 
Unknown729      729 
Total$74,857 $71,604 $76,218 $116,069 $107,324 $109,502 $555,574 
Accrued interest excluded from total$254 $282 $286 $276 $244 $276 $1,618 
Current period gross charge-offs$1,092 $62 $172 $537 $456 $253 $2,572 
30

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Installment - continued (1)
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024
Boat lending
800 and above$6,125 $6,702 $8,231 $7,492 $3,512 $9,079 $41,141 
750-79926,320 29,173 28,608 24,858 11,604 26,792 147,355 
700-74911,397 9,487 11,342 9,807 4,177 9,137 55,347 
650-6992,722 2,888 2,516 2,419 1,191 3,111 14,847 
600-649504 438 1,104 364 148 775 3,333 
550-599 215 464 394 76 301 1,450 
500-54927  135 199 140 238 739 
Under 500 35 14   80 129 
Unknown       
Total$47,095 $48,938 $52,414 $45,533 $20,848 $49,513 $264,341 
Accrued interest excluded from total$179 $178 $124 $104 $50 $101 $736 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $8 $31 $8 $49 $53 $149 
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above$1,365 $4,270 $11,721 $9,776 $3,382 $7,262 $37,776 
750-79910,528 11,173 33,140 32,266 9,398 14,656 111,161 
700-7495,402 5,230 14,093 15,336 4,177 5,500 49,738 
650-699965 1,949 4,278 5,357 1,249 1,836 15,634 
600-649268 697 1,213 2,364 407 502 5,451 
550-59941 183 443 1,075 135 415 2,292 
500-54950 172 638 745 161 207 1,973 
Under 500 67 156 207 19 63 512 
Unknown       
Total$18,619 $23,741 $65,682 $67,126 $18,928 $30,441 $224,537 
Accrued interest excluded from total$69 $89 $156 $154 $41 $67 $576 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $42 $152 $322 $42 $109 $667 
Other
800 and above$1,342 $1,323 $1,788 $938 $639 $831 $6,861 
750-7999,938 8,029 7,208 4,732 2,013 4,375 36,295 
700-74914,512 4,941 4,232 2,829 1,292 3,278 31,084 
650-69910,551 1,633 1,689 979 430 1,293 16,575 
600-649537 476 522 294 59 418 2,306 
550-59980 211 271 210 21 210 1,003 
500-549 149 301 229 92 93 864 
Under 50011 17 58 49 3 50 188 
Unknown681      681 
Total$37,652 $16,779 $16,069 $10,260 $4,549 $10,548 $95,857 
Accrued interest excluded from total$96 $65 $40 $22 $10 $63 $296 
Current period gross charge-offs$1,327 $69 $92 $17 $8 $91 $1,604 
Total installment
800 and above$8,832 $12,295 $21,740 $18,206 $7,533 $17,172 $85,778 
750-79946,786 48,375 68,956 61,856 23,015 45,823 294,811 
700-74931,311 19,658 29,667 27,972 9,646 17,915 136,169 
650-69914,238 6,470 8,483 8,755 2,870 6,240 47,056 
600-6491,309 1,611 2,839 3,022 614 1,695 11,090 
550-599121 609 1,178 1,679 232 926 4,745 
500-54977 321 1,074 1,173 393 538 3,576 
Under 50011 119 228 256 22 193 829 
Unknown681      681 
Total$103,366 $89,458 $134,165 $122,919 $44,325 $90,502 $584,735 
Accrued interest excluded from total$344 $332 $320 $280 $101 $231 $1,608 
Current period gross charge-offs$1,327 $119 $275 $347 $99 $253 $2,420 
(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.
31

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Foreclosed residential real estate properties included in other real estate and repossessed assets, net on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition totaled $0.3 million and $0.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Retail mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements totaled $2.4 million and $2.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, we sold $4.5 million and $19.9 million, respectively, of portfolio residential mortgage loans servicing retained and recognized a gain on sale of $0.07 million and $0.37 million, respectively. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, we sold $6.6 million and $14.7 million, respectively, of portfolio residential mortgage loans servicing retained and recognized a gain on sale of $0.12 million and $0.25 million, respectively. These gains are included in net gains (losses) on assets - mortgage loans on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. These transactions were done primarily for asset/liability management purposes.


32

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
5.    Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share
On December 17, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Plan”) to buy back up to 1,100,000 shares of our outstanding common stock through December 31, 2025. Shares would be repurchased through open market transactions, though we could execute repurchases through other means, such as privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of any share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including, among others, securities law restrictions, the trading price of our common stock, regulatory requirements, potential alternative uses for capital, and our financial performance. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 we repurchased 13,732 and 266,008 shares of common stock, respectively for an aggregate purchase price of $0.41 million and $7.77 million, respectively. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2024 there were no shares of common stock repurchased.
A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands, except
per share data)
Net income$17,502 $13,810 $49,969 $48,329 
Weighted average shares outstanding (1)20,702 20,896 20,797 20,892 
Stock units for deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors173 182 175 178 
Performance share units28 34 27 27 
Effect of stock options2 3 2 3 
Weighted average shares outstanding for calculation of diluted earnings per share20,905 21,115 21,001 21,100 
Net income per common share
Basic (1)$0.85 $0.66 $2.40 $2.31 
Diluted$0.84 $0.65 $2.38 $2.29 
(1)Basic net income per common share includes weighted average common shares outstanding during the period and participating share awards.
Weighted average stock options outstanding that were not considered in computing diluted net income per common share because they were anti-dilutive were zero for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
33

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
6.    Derivative Financial Instruments
We are required to record derivatives on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as assets and liabilities measured at their fair value. The accounting for increases and decreases in the value of derivatives depends upon the use of derivatives and whether the derivatives qualify for hedge accounting.
Our derivative financial instruments according to the type of hedge in which they are designated follows:
September 30, 2025
Notional
Amount
Average
Maturity
(years)
Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial$5,345 3.6$189 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale148,895 2.17,931 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - installment100,000 1.7(917)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage
117,000 1.9(1,272)
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale40,970 2.651 
Total$412,210 2.0$5,982 
Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial
$450,000 1.9$5,090 
Interest rate cap agreements - short-term funding liabilities
50,000 2.479 
Total500,000 1.95,169 
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments$20,929 0.1$187 
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans30,147 0.139 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial633,139 4.7(3,422)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial633,139 4.73,422 
Total$1,317,354 4.5$226 
34

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
December 31, 2024
Notional
Amount
Average
Maturity
(years)
Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial$5,647 4.4$361 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale148,895 2.813,265 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - installment100,000 2.477 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage
147,000 2.2283 
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale40,970 3.3334 
Total$442,512 2.6$14,320 
Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial
$375,000 2.3$3,642 
Interest rate cap agreements - short-term funding liabilities
25,000 3.4312 
Total400,000 2.13,954 
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments12,703 0.1100 
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans19,874 0.162 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial538,053 5.013,325 
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial538,053 5.0(13,325)
Total$1,108,683 4.9$162 

We have established management objectives and strategies that include interest-rate risk parameters for maximum fluctuations in net interest income and market value of portfolio equity. We monitor our interest rate risk position via simulation modeling reports. The goal of our asset/liability management efforts is to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters.

We have entered into pay-fixed interest rate swaps and caps to protect a portion of the fair value of a certain fixed rate commercial loan and certain mortgage and installment loans (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans’’). As a result, changes in the fair values of the pay-fixed interest rate swaps and caps are expected to offset changes in the fair values of the fixed rate portfolio loans due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair values of Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged items (a fixed rate commercial loan and certain fixed rate mortgage and installment loans) are also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair values of both the Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans and the hedged items. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest and fees on loans in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the second quarter of 2023 we terminated the interest rate cap that was previously hedging certain installment loans. The remaining unrealized gain on this terminated interest cap of $0.14 million as of September 30, 2025 is being amortized into earnings over the original life of the interest rate cap which was February, 2030.

We have entered into pay-fixed interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements to protect a portion of the fair value of certain securities available for sale (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities’’). As a result, the change in the fair value of the pay-fixed interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements is expected to offset a portion of the change in the fair value of the fixed rate securities available for sale due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair value of Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged items (fixed rate securities available for sale) are also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities. On an ongoing basis, we
35

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
adjust our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair value of both the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities and the hedged item. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest on securities – tax-exempt in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We have entered into interest rate floor agreements to manage the variability in future expected cash flows of certain commercial loans (‘‘Cash Flow Hedge – Portfolio Loans’’). We record the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge – Portfolio Loans in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The changes in the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge - Portfolio Loans are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into the line item in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings.
We have entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage the variability in future expected cash flows of certain short-term funding liabilities (‘‘Cash Flow Hedge – Short-term Funding Liabilities’’). We record the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge – Short-term Funding Liabilities in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The changes in the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge - Short-term Funding Liabilities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into the line item in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings.

For Cash Flow Hedges, it is anticipated that as of September 30, 2025, $1.3 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss as a reduction to earnings over the next twelve months. The maximum term of any Cash Flow Hedge at September 30, 2025 is 3.7 years.
Certain derivative financial instruments have not been designated as hedges. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments has been recorded on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect their then current fair value. The changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in earnings.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into rate-lock mortgage loan commitments with customers (“Rate-Lock Commitments”). These commitments expose us to interest rate risk. We also enter into mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans (“Mandatory Commitments”) to reduce the impact of price fluctuations of mortgage loans held for sale and Rate-Lock Commitments. Mandatory Commitments help protect our loan sale profit margin from fluctuations in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of Rate-Lock Commitments and Mandatory Commitments are recognized currently as part of net gains on mortgage loans in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We obtain market prices on Mandatory Commitments and Rate-Lock Commitments. Net gains on mortgage loans, as well as net income may be more volatile as a result of these derivative instruments, which are not designated as hedges.
We have a program that allows commercial loan customers to lock in a fixed rate for a longer period of time than we would normally offer for interest rate risk reasons. We will enter into a variable rate commercial loan and an interest rate swap agreement with a customer and then enter into an offsetting interest rate swap agreement with an unrelated party. The interest rate swap agreement fair values will generally move in opposite directions resulting in little or no net impact on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All of the interest rate swap agreements - commercial with no hedge designation in the table above relate to this program.

36

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The following tables illustrate the impact that the derivative financial instruments discussed above have on individual line items in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for the periods presented:
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreementsOther assets$8,160 Other assets$14,336 Other liabilities$2,229 Other liabilities$350 
Interest rate cap agreementsOther assets130 Other assets646 Other liabilities Other liabilities 
Interest rate floor agreements
Other assets5,090 Other assets3,642 Other liabilities Other liabilities 
13,380 18,624 2,229 350 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitmentsOther assets187 Other assets100 Other liabilities Other liabilities 
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loansOther assets39 Other assets62 Other liabilities Other liabilities 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercialOther assets7,539 Other assets15,799 Other liabilities10,961 Other liabilities2,474 
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercialOther assets10,961 Other assets2,474 Other liabilities7,539 Other liabilities15,799 
18,726 18,435 18,500 18,273 
Total derivatives$32,106 $37,059 $20,729 $18,623 











37

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The effect of derivative financial instruments on the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations follows:
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income (Effective Portion)
Location of Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)
Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
Three Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
Three Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
Three Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
202520242025202420252024
(In thousands)
Fair Value Hedges
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial
Interest and fees on loans$(25)$(184)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale
Interest on securities
(1,162)(4,882)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - Installment
Interest and fees on loans(15)(2,421)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - Mortgage
Interest and fees on loans(91)(2,940)
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale$(43)$(255)
Interest on securities
$(55)$(57)
Interest on securities
 (119)
Total$(43)$(255)$(55)$(57)$(1,293)$(10,546)
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial
$(1,046)$2,999 Interest and fees on loans$(551)$(333)Interest and fees on loans$(551)$(333)
Interest rate cap agreements - short-term funding liabilities
(93) 
Interest expense
(4) 
Interest expense
(4) 
Total
$(1,139)$2,999 $(555)$(333)$(555)$(333)
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitmentsNet gains on mortgage loans$(184)$111 
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loansNet gains on mortgage loans171 (122)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercialInterest and fees on loans(1,879)(15,031)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercialInterest and fees on loans1,879 15,031 
Total$(13)$(11)
38

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income (Effective Portion)
Location of Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)
Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
Nine Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
Nine Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Income
Nine Month
Periods Ended
September 30,
202520242025202420252024
(In thousands)
Fair Value Hedges
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial
Interest and fees on loans$(172)$(110)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale
Interest on securities
(5,334)(4,028)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - installment
Interest and fees on loans(994)(513)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage
Interest and fees on loans(1,555)(648)
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale$(283)$(194)
Interest on securities
$(172)$(167)
Interest on securities
 (81)
Total$(283)$(194)$(172)$(167)$(8,055)$(5,380)
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial
$91 $246 Interest and fees on loans$(1,363)$(838)Interest and fees on loans$(1,363)$(838)
Interest rate cap agreements - short-term funding liabilities
(293) 
Interest expense
(8) 
Interest expense
(8) 
Total
$(202)$246 $(1,371)$(838)$(1,371)$(838)
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitmentsNet gains on mortgage loans$87 $80 
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loansNet gains on mortgage loans(23)304 
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercialInterest and fees on loans(16,747)(8,482)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercialInterest and fees on loans16,747 8,482 
Total$64 $384 

39

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
7.    Goodwill and Other Intangibles
The following table summarizes intangible assets, net of amortization:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
(In thousands)
Amortized intangible assets - core deposits$11,916 $10,793 $11,916 $10,428 
Unamortized intangible assets - goodwill$28,300  $28,300 
Goodwill is assessed for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, a qualitative assessment is made to determine whether it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated carrying value. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 no event occurred that indicated an impairment of goodwill may exist.
A summary of estimated core deposits intangible amortization at September 30, 2025 follows:
(In thousands)
Three months ending December 31, 2025122 
2026460 
2027434 
2028107 
Total$1,123 
8.    Share Based Compensation
We maintain share based payment plans that include a non-employee director stock purchase plan and a long-term incentive plan that permits the issuance of share based compensation, including stock options and non-vested share awards. The long-term incentive plan, which is shareholder approved, permits the grant of additional share based awards for up to 0.3 million shares of common stock as of September 30, 2025. The non-employee director stock purchase plan permits the issuance of additional share based payments for up to 0.1 million shares of common stock as of September 30, 2025. Share based awards and payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant and are expensed over the requisite service period. Common shares issued upon exercise of stock options come from currently authorized but unissued shares.
A summary of restricted stock and performance stock units (“PSU”) granted pursuant to our long-term incentive plan follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
Restricted stock53,01981,355
PSU16,36418,822
The shares of restricted stock and PSUs shown in the above table cliff vest after a period of three years. The performance criteria of the PSUs is split evenly between a comparison of (i) our total shareholder return and (ii) our return on average assets each over the three year period starting on the grant date to these same criteria over that period to an index of our banking peers.
40

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Our directors may elect to receive all or a portion of their cash retainer fees in the form of common stock (either on a current basis or on a deferred basis) pursuant to the non-employee director stock purchase plan referenced above. Shares equal in value to that portion of each director’s fees that he or she has elected to receive in stock on a current basis are issued each quarter and vest immediately. Shares issued on a deferred basis are credited at the rate of 90% of the current fair value of our common stock and vest immediately. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 we issued 0.006 million and 0.007 million shares, respectively and expensed their value during those same periods.
Total compensation expense recognized for grants pursuant to our long-term incentive plan was $0.5 million and $1.8 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and was $0.5 million and $1.6 million during the same periods in 2024, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the same periods in 2024. Total expense recognized for non-employee director share based payments was $0.07 million and $0.19 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and was $0.06 million and $0.18 million during the same periods in 2024, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.02 million and $0.04 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively and $0.01 million and $0.04 million during the same periods in 2024.
At September 30, 2025, the total expected compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and PSUs not yet recognized was $3.4 million. The weighted-average period over which this amount will be recognized is 2.0 years.
A summary of outstanding stock option grants and related transactions follows:
Number of
Shares
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregated
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 20255,583$13.43 
Granted
Exercised(2,793)13.43 
Forfeited
Expired
Outstanding at September 30, 20252,790$13.43 1.4$49 
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 20252,790$13.43 1.4$49 
Exercisable at September 30, 20252,790$13.43 1.4$49 
A summary of outstanding non-vested stock and related transactions follows:
Number
of Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025266,986$24.64 
Granted69,38337.17 
Vested(73,512)27.04 
Forfeited(11,391)23.98 
Outstanding at September 30, 2025251,466$27.68 
41

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Certain information regarding options exercised during the periods follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Intrinsic value$ $ $64 $91 
Cash proceeds received$ $ $ $ 
Tax benefit realized$ $ $13 $19 
9.    Income Tax
Income tax expense was $3.7 million and $3.5 million during the three month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $11.0 million and $11.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our actual federal income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance. In addition, the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2025 include reductions of $0.01 million and $0.31 million, respectively, of income tax expense related to the impact of the excess value of stock awards that vested and stock options that were exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed. These amounts during the same periods in 2024 were $0.01 million and $0.12 million, respectively.
We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at September 30, 2025, September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024 that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.
At both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had approximately $0.2 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized tax benefits. We do not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease during the remainder of 2025.
10.    Regulatory Matters
Capital guidelines adopted by federal and state regulatory agencies and restrictions imposed by law limit the amount of cash dividends our Bank can pay to us. Under these guidelines, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the Bank’s current year net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. Further, the Bank cannot pay a dividend at any time that it has negative undivided profits. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank had positive undivided profits of $215.1 million. It is not our intent to have dividends paid in amounts that would reduce the capital of our Bank to levels below those which we consider prudent or that would not be in accordance with guidelines of regulatory authorities.
We are also subject to various regulatory capital requirements. The prompt corrective action regulations establish quantitative measures to ensure capital adequacy and require minimum amounts and ratios of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that could have a material effect on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, capital adequacy rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets that applies to all supervised financial institutions. To avoid limits on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments we must meet the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the buffer. Under capital adequacy guidelines, we must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures as well as qualitative judgments by the regulators. The most recent regulatory filings as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, categorized our Bank as well capitalized and exceeding the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the capital conservation buffer. Management is not aware of any conditions or events that would have changed the most recent Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) categorization.
42

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Our actual capital amounts and ratios follow (1):
Actual Minimum for
Adequately Capitalized
Institutions
Minimum for
Well-Capitalized
Institutions
AmountRatio AmountRatio AmountRatio
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated$610,808 13.66 %$357,706 8.00 %NANA
Independent Bank561,840 12.58 357,199 8.00 $446,499 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated$554,774 12.41 %$268,280 6.00 %NANA
Independent Bank505,884 11.33 267,899 6.00 $357,199 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated$516,151 11.54 %$201,210 4.50 %NANA
Independent Bank505,884 11.33 200,925 4.50 $290,224 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital to average assets      
Consolidated$554,774 10.07 %$220,377 4.00 %NANA
Independent Bank505,884 9.19 220,083 4.00 $275,104 5.00 %
December 31, 2024      
Total capital to risk-weighted assets      
Consolidated$622,444 14.22 %$350,113 8.00 %NANA
Independent Bank567,254 12.99 349,335 8.00 $436,668 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets      
Consolidated$527,616 12.06 %$262,585 6.00 %NANA
Independent Bank512,546 11.74 262,001 6.00 $349,335 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets      
Consolidated$489,044 11.17 %$196,939 4.50 %NANA
Independent Bank512,546 11.74 196,501 4.50 $283,834 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital to average assets      
Consolidated$527,616 9.85 %$214,332 4.00 %NANA
Independent Bank512,546 9.58 214,112 4.00 $267,640 5.00 %
_______________________________________
(1)
These ratios do not reflect a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
NA - Not applicable
43

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The components of our regulatory capital are as follows:
Consolidated Independent Bank
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(In thousands)
Total shareholders' equity $490,742 $454,686 $480,475 $478,188 
Add (deduct) 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss for regulatory purposes
54,832 64,146 54,832 64,146 
Goodwill and other intangibles(29,423)(29,788)(29,423)(29,788)
Common equity tier 1 capital516,151 489,044 505,884 512,546 
Qualifying trust preferred securities38,623 38,572   
Tier 1 capital554,774 527,616 505,884 512,546 
Subordinated debt 40,000   
Allowance for credit losses and allowance for unfunded lending commitments limited to 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets
56,034 54,828 55,956 54,708 
Total risk-based capital$610,808 $622,444 $561,840 $567,254 

11.    Fair Value Disclosures
FASB ASC topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 1 instruments include securities traded on active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange, as well as U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets.
Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 instruments include securities traded in less active dealer or broker markets.
Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
We used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
Securities: Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. We currently do not have any Level 1 securities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by (1) using quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics, (2) matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or (3) a discounted cash flow analysis whose significant fair value inputs can generally be verified and do not typically involve judgment by management. These securities are classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy and
44

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
primarily include agency securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, other asset backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, trust preferred securities and corporate securities.
Loans held for sale: The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, carried at fair value is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2).
Collateral dependent loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value: From time to time, certain collateral dependent loans will have an ACL established. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an appraised value or when an appraised value is not available we record the collateral dependent loan as nonrecurring Level 3. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and thus will typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Other real estate: At the time of acquisition, other real estate is recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Subsequent write-downs to reflect declines in value since the time of acquisition may occur from time to time and are recorded in net gains (losses) on other real estate and repossessed assets, which is part of non-interest expense - other in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the property used at and subsequent to the time of acquisition is typically determined by a third party appraisal of the property. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by us. Once received, an independent third party, or a member of our Collateral Evaluation Department (for commercial properties), or a member of our Special Assets Group (for residential properties) reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. We compare the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value of our properties to determine what additional adjustment, if any, should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value. For commercial and residential properties we typically discount an appraisal to account for various factors that the appraisal excludes in its assumptions.
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights: The fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is based on a valuation model used by an independent third party that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Certain model assumptions are generally unobservable and are based upon the best information available including data relating to our own servicing portfolio, reviews of mortgage servicing assumption and valuation surveys and input from various mortgage servicers and, therefore, are recorded as Level 3. Management evaluates the third party valuation for reasonableness each quarter as part of our financial reporting control processes.
Derivatives: The fair value of rate-lock mortgage loan commitments is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets and the fair value of mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans is based on mortgage backed security pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2). The fair value of interest rate swap, interest rate cap and interest rate floor agreements are derived from proprietary models which utilize current market data. The significant fair value inputs can generally be observed in the market place and do not typically involve judgment by management (recurring Level 2).
45

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including financial assets for which we have elected the fair value option, were as follows:
Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value
Measure-
ments
Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency$8,071 $ $8,071 $ 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed78,196  78,196  
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed7,455  7,455  
Private label mortgage-backed41,936  41,936  
Other asset backed32,129  32,129  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions279,615  279,615  
Corporate54,200  54,200  
Trust preferred981  981  
Loans held for sale
11,654  11,654  
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights31,522   31,522 
Derivatives (1)32,106  32,106  
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)20,729  20,729  
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial8,386   8,386 
Commercial real estate10,892   10,892 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo661   661 
1-4 family non-owner occupied9   9 
1-4 family - 2nd lien198   198 
Resort lending37   37 
Installment
Boat lending205   205 
Recreational vehicle lending139   139 
Other57   57 
________________________________
(1)Included in accrued income and other assets
(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(3)Only includes individually evaluated loans with specific allocations of the ACL based on collateral value.
46

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value
Measure-
ments
Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency$8,159 $ $8,159 $ 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed71,137  71,137  
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed11,641  11,641  
Private label mortgage-backed70,035  70,035  
Other asset backed38,516  38,516  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions288,791  288,791  
Corporate69,921  69,921  
Trust preferred982  982  
Loans held for sale
7,643  7,643  
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights46,796   46,796 
Derivatives (1)37,059  37,059  
Liabilities    
Derivatives (2)18,623  18,623  
    
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:    
Assets    
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial4,205   4,205 
Commercial real estate132   132 
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo627   627 
1-4 family - 2nd lien170   170 
Resort lending92   92 
Installment
Boat lending56   56 
Recreational vehicle lending172   172 
Other59   59 
_________________________________
(1)Included in accrued income and other assets
(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(3)Only includes individually evaluated loans with specific allocations of the ACL based on collateral value.
47

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Changes in fair values for financial assets which we have elected the fair value option for the periods presented were as follows:
Changes in Fair Values for the Nine
Month Periods Ended September 30 for
items Measured at Fair Value Pursuant
to Election of the Fair Value Option
Net Gains (losses)
on Assets
Mortgage
Loan
Servicing, net
Total
Change
in Fair
Values
Included
in Current
Period
Earnings
Mortgage
Loans
(In thousands)
2025
Loans held for sale$38 $— $38 
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights— (4,984)(4,984)
2024
Loans held for sale215 — 215 
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights— (4,995)(4,995)
For those items measured at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option, interest income is recorded within the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on these financial assets.
The following represent impairment charges recognized during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 relating to assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Loans that are individually evaluated using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans had a carrying amount of $20.6 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $5.7 million at September 30, 2025, and had a carrying amount of $5.5 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $2.3 million at December 31, 2024. The provision for credit losses included in our results of operations relating to collateral dependent loans was a net expense of $1.3 million and $0.9 million for the three month periods ending September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and a net expense of $3.3 million and $2.0 million for the nine month periods ending September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.


48

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
A reconciliation for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows:
Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Beginning balance$32,053 $44,406 $46,796 $42,243 
Total gains (losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in results of operations(1,479)(5,378)(4,984)(4,995)
Included in results of operations - gain on sale(1)
(61) (233) 
Included in other comprehensive loss    
Purchases, issuances, settlements, maturities and calls948 1,176 2,766 2,956 
Sales(1)
61  (12,823) 
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3    
Ending balance$31,522 $40,204 $31,522 $40,204 
Amount of total losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30
$(1,479)$(5,378)$(4,984)$(4,995)
(1)     On January 31, 2025 we sold $931.6 million of mortgage loan servicing rights (26.3% of total servicing portfolio) and transferred the servicing on March 3, 2025. This sale represented approximately $13.1 million (27.9%) of the total capitalized mortgage loan servicing right asset. While there remains a customary hold back of final settlement funds of approximately $0.6 million relating to this transaction, we are not aware of any issues that will have a material impact on this final payment. We have until the first quarter, 2026 to receive this final payment. Transaction expenses relating to this sale were approximately $0.2 million and was expensed during the first nine months of 2025.
The fair value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights has been determined based on a valuation model used by an independent third party as discussed above. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are discount rate, cost to service, ancillary income, float rate and prepayment rate. Significant changes in all five of these assumptions in isolation would result in significant changes to the value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Quantitative information about our Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a recurring basis follows:
Asset
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
Range Weighted
Average
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights$31,522 Present value of net servicing revenueDiscount rate
9.50% to 31.06%
9.93 %
Cost to service
$69 to $817
$80 
Ancillary income
20 to 30
21 
Float rate3.68 %3.68 %
Prepayment rate
5.39% to 32.90%
9.80 %
December 31, 2024
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights$46,796 Present value of net servicing revenueDiscount rate
10.00% to 19.15%
10.37 %
Cost to service
$70 to $817
$79 
Ancillary income
20 to 30
20 
Float rate4.33 %4.33 %
Prepayment rate
5.40% to 28.28%
7.54%
49

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis follows:
Asset
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
RangeWeighted
Average
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial
$7,272 Discounting financial statement and machinery and equipment appraised valuesDiscount rates used
40.0% to 70.0%
48.0 %
12,006 Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable sales
(18.0) to 42.0
(1.0)
Mortgage and Installment(1)
1,306 Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable sales
(28.0) to 16.9
(1.6)
December 31, 2024
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial$3,478 
Discounting financial statement and machinery and equipment appraised values
Discount rates used
45.0% to 55.0%
50.5 %
859 Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable sales
(20.0) to 35.0
(1.4)
Mortgage and Installment(1)
1,176 Sales comparison approachAdjustment for differences between comparable sales
(22.0) to 21.7
(0.4)
(1)
In addition to the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs discussed above, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 certain collateral dependent installment loans totaling approximately $0.40 million and $0.29 million, respectively, are secured by collateral other than real estate. For the majority of these loans, we apply internal discount rates to industry valuation guides.
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding for loans held for sale for which the fair value option has been elected for the periods presented.
Aggregate
Fair Value
Difference Contractual
Principal
(In thousands)
Loans held for sale
September 30, 2025$11,654 $116 $11,538 
December 31, 20247,643 78 7,565 
50

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
12.    Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Most of our assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments. Many of these financial instruments lack an available trading market and it is our general practice and intent to hold the majority of our financial instruments to maturity. Significant estimates and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore, fair values may not be a precise estimate. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Estimated fair values have been determined using available data and methodologies that are considered suitable for each category of financial instrument. For instruments with adjustable interest rates which reprice frequently and without significant credit risk, it is presumed that estimated fair values approximate the recorded book balances.
51

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The estimated recorded book balances and fair values follow:
Fair Value Using
Recorded
Book
Balance
Fair ValueQuoted
Prices
in Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Un-
observable
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
September 30, 2025
Assets
Cash and due from banks$56,378 $56,378 $56,378 $ $ 
Interest bearing deposits152,308 152,308 152,308   
Securities available for sale502,583 502,583  502,583  
Securities held to maturity321,450 293,242  293,242  
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock18,102 NANANANA
Net loans and loans held for sale4,147,478 3,991,609  11,654 3,979,955 
Accrued interest receivable19,270 19,270 250 4,863 14,157 
Derivative financial instruments32,106 32,106  32,106  
     
Liabilities     
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)$3,911,405 $3,911,405 $3,911,405 $ $ 
Deposits with stated maturity (1)947,750 946,153  946,153  
Other borrowings2,006 1,673  1,673  
Subordinated debentures39,847 39,585  39,585  
Accrued interest payable3,245 3,245 323 2,922  
Derivative financial instruments20,729 20,729  20,729  
     
December 31, 2024     
Assets     
Cash and due from banks$56,984 $56,984 $56,984 $ $ 
Interest bearing deposits62,898 62,898 62,898   
Securities available for sale559,182 559,182  559,182  
Securities held to maturity339,436 301,860  301,860  
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock16,099 NANANANA
Net loans and loans held for sale3,987,089 3,772,862  7,643 3,765,219 
Accrued interest receivable19,113 19,113 46 5,606 13,461 
Derivative financial instruments37,059 37,059  37,059  
Liabilities     
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)$3,806,185 $3,806,185 $3,806,185 $ $ 
Deposits with stated maturity (1)847,903 845,534  845,534  
Other borrowings45,009 44,996  44,996  
Subordinated debt39,586 40,412  40,412  
Subordinated debentures39,796 40,235  40,235  
Accrued interest payable3,109 3,109 374 2,735  
Derivative financial instruments18,623 18,623  18,623  
(1)
Deposits with no stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $867.422 million and $797.224 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Deposits with a stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $113.693 million and $109.807 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
52

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The fair values for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to approximate their aggregate book balance, which is nominal and therefore are not disclosed.
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, the value of future earnings attributable to off-balance sheet activities and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.
Fair value estimates for deposit accounts do not include the value of the core deposit intangible asset resulting from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.
53

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
13.    Contingencies

Pressures from various global and national macroeconomic conditions, including significant volatility and uncertainty with U.S. and global market conditions, the direct and indirect impacts of potential changes to U.S. trade policies, recessionary concerns, uncertainty regarding future interest rates, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine war, ongoing and potentially increasing conflict in the Middle East, and potential governmental responses to these events, continue to create significant economic uncertainty. In addition, pursuit of various initiatives announced by the Trump administration may create some degree of volatility in our customers’ businesses, regulation of the financial services industry, and the markets in which we operate.

The extent to which these pressures and other factors may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our other intangibles, goodwill, securities available for sale, securities held to maturity, loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

We continue to closely monitor and analyze the higher risk segments within our portfolio, and senior management is cautiously optimistic that we are positioned to continue managing the impact of the varied set of risks and uncertainties currently impacting the global and U.S. economies. However, a high degree of uncertainty still exists with respect to the impact of these fluid macroeconomic conditions on the future performance of our loan portfolio and our financial results.
Litigation
We are involved in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business. At the present time, we do not believe any of these matters will have a significant impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations. The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of these litigation matters is not material. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.
The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.
Visa Stock
On May 6, 2024, we exchanged 12,566 shares of Visa Inc. Class B-1 common stock (all of the Class B-1 shares we owned) for 2,493 shares of Visa Inc. Class C common stock and 6,283 shares of Visa Inc. Class B-2 common stock pursuant to an exchange offer conducted by Visa. Each Class C share automatically converts to 4 shares of Visa Inc. Class A common stock upon a transfer to anyone other than a Visa member or an affiliate of a Visa member. The Class B-2 shares have the same transfer restrictions as the transfer restrictions on the Class B-1 shares and can only be sold to other Class B shareholders.
Because of the very limited liquidity for the Class B-1 shares (prior to completion of the exchange offer) and uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing, and eventual exchange rate for Class B-1 shares into Class A shares, we were carrying these shares at zero (prior to the completion of the exchange offer), representing cost basis less impairment. In light of the continued uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing, and eventual exchange rate for Class B-2 shares into Class A shares, we are carrying the Class B-2 shares at zero at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, representing cost basis less impairment. However, given the current conversion ratio of 1.5223 Class A shares for every 1 Class B-2 share and the closing price of Visa Class A shares on October 27, 2025 of $347.82 per share, our 6,283 Class B-2 shares would have a current “value” of approximately $3.3 million.
As a condition to our participation in the exchange offer, we were required to enter into a Makewhole Agreement that will require us to reimburse Visa in certain circumstances if certain litigation in which Visa has been involved since 2008 results in damages significantly higher than Visa currently expects. Potential payments under the Makewhole Agreement are designed to equal the decline in value we would have experienced had we not participated in Visa’s exchange offer.
54

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Based on the disclosures that have been made by Visa regarding the status of this litigation and other circumstances relating to the exchange offer and potential future, similar exchange offers, we believe the likelihood we will have to make any payments under the Makewhole Agreement is remote.
14.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCL”)
A summary of changes in AOCL follows:
Unrealized
Losses on
Securities
AFS
Unrealized
Losses on
Securities
Transferred
to Securities
HTM (1)
Dispropor-
tionate
Tax Effects
from
Securities
AFS
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
Total
(In thousands)
For the three months ended September 30,
2025
Balances at beginning of period$(51,816)$(11,489)$(5,798)$(784)$(69,887)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications9,066 614  (932)8,748 
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
27   482 509 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)9,093 614  (450)9,257 
Balances at end of period$(42,723)$(10,875)$(5,798)$(1,234)$(60,630)
2024
Balances at beginning of period$(49,482)$(14,084)$(5,798)$(1,464)$(70,828)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
9,340 646  2,168 12,154 
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
114   308 422 
Net current period other comprehensive income
9,454 646  2,476 12,576 
Balances at end of period$(40,028)$(13,438)$(5,798)$1,012 $(58,252)
For the nine months ended September 30,
2025
Balances at beginning of period$(49,301)$(12,775)$(5,798)$(2,070)$(69,944)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
6,298 1,900  (383)7,815 
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
280   1,219 1,499 
Net current period other comprehensive income
6,578 1,900  836 9,314 
Balances at end of period$(42,723)$(10,875)$(5,798)$(1,234)$(60,630)
2024
Balances at beginning of period$(51,113)$(15,408)$(5,798)$177 $(72,142)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
10,758 1,970  41 12,769 
Amounts reclassified from AOCL
327   794 1,121 
Net current period other comprehensive income
11,085 1,970  835 13,890 
Balances at end of period$(40,028)$(13,438)$(5,798)$1,012 $(58,252)
(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.
55

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The disproportionate tax effects from securities AFS arose due to tax effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the presence of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and a pretax loss from operations. Generally, the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided when, in the presence of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, there is a pretax loss from operations and pretax income from other categories in the current period. In such instances, income from other categories must offset the current loss from operations, the tax benefit of such offset being reflected in operations. Release of material disproportionate tax effects from other comprehensive income to earnings is done by the portfolio method whereby the effects will remain in AOCL as long as we carry a more than inconsequential portfolio of securities AFS.
A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCL for the three months ended September 30 follows:
AOCL Component
Amount
Reclassified
From
AOCL
Affected Line Item in Interim Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands)
2025
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$(36)
Net losses on securities available for sale
(9)Income tax expense
$(27)Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
$(606)Interest income
4 
Interest expense
(610)
(128)Income tax expense
$(482)Reclassifications, net of tax
$(509)Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
2024
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$(145)
Net losses on securities available for sale
(31)Income tax expense
$(114)Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
$(390)Interest income
(82)Income tax expense
$(308)Reclassifications, net of tax
$(422)Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax

56

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCL for the nine months ended September 30 follows:
AOCL Component
Amount
Reclassified
From
AOCL
Affected Line Item in Interim Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands)
2025
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$(355)
Net losses on securities available for sale
(75)Income tax expense
$(280)Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
$(1,535)Interest income
8 
Interest expense
(1,543)
(324)Income tax expense
$(1,219)Reclassifications, net of tax
$(1,499)Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
2024
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
$(414)
Net losses on securities available for sale
(87)Income tax expense
$(327)Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
$(1,005)Interest income
211 Income tax expense
$(794)Reclassifications, net of tax
$(1,121)Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax

15.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We derive the majority of our revenue from financial instruments and their related contractual rights and obligations which for the most part are excluded from the scope of this topic. These sources of revenue that are excluded from the scope of this topic include interest income, net gains on mortgage loans, net losses on securities AFS, mortgage loan servicing, net and bank owned life insurance and were approximately 88.2% and 88.3% of total revenues for the nine month periods ending September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
57

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Material sources of revenue that are included in the scope of this topic include service charges on deposit accounts, other deposit related income, interchange income and investment and insurance commissions and are discussed in the following paragraphs. Generally these sources of revenue are earned at the time the service is delivered or over the course of a monthly period and do not result in any contract asset or liability balance at any given period end. As a result, there were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Service charges on deposit accounts and other deposit related income: Revenues are earned on depository accounts for commercial and retail customers and include fees for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which includes services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the time we fulfill our customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which includes monthly maintenance services are earned over the course of a month representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. Our obligation for overdraft services is satisfied at the time of the overdraft.
Interchange income: Interchange income primarily includes debit card interchange and network revenues. Debit card interchange and network revenues are earned on debit card transactions conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard and Accel. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Interchange and network revenues are presented gross of interchange expenses, which are presented separately as a component of non-interest expense.
Investment and insurance commissions: Investment and insurance commissions include fees and commissions from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and other services provided to our customers. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and generally based on either the market value of the assets managed or the services provided. We have an agent relationship with a third party provider of these services and net certain direct costs charged by the third party provider associated with providing these services to our customers.
Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets: We record a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. If we were to finance the sale of other real estate to the buyer, we would assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction is probable. Once these criteria are met, the other real estate asset would be derecognized and the gain or loss on sale would be recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. There were no other real estate properties sold during the nine month periods ending September 30, 2025 and 2024 that were financed by us.
58

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Three months ending September 30, 2025
Service
Charges
on Deposit
Accounts
Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees$2,333 $— $— $— $2,333 
Account service charges685 — — — 685 
ATM fees— 413 — — 413 
Other— 153 — — 153 
Business    
Overdraft fees113 — — — 113 
ATM fees— 13 — — 13 
Other— 113 — — 113 
Interchange income— — 4,157 — 4,157 
Asset management revenue— — — 413 413 
Transaction based revenue— — — 527 527 
     
Total$3,131 $692 $4,157 $940 $8,920 
     
Reconciliation to interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
  
Non-interest income - other:     
Other deposit related income    $692 
Investment and insurance commissions   940 
Bank owned life insurance (1)    288 
Other (1)
    1,217 
Total    $3,137 
(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.
59

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Three months ending September 30, 2024
Service
Charges
on Deposit
Accounts
 Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees$2,378 $— $— $— $2,378 
Account service charges593 — — — 593 
ATM fees— 430 — — 430 
Other— 167 — — 167 
Business    
Overdraft fees114 — — — 114 
ATM fees— 13 — — 13 
Other— 114 — — 114 
Interchange income— — 4,146 — 4,146 
Asset management revenue— — — 458 458 
Transaction based revenue— — — 423 423 
     
Total$3,085 $724 $4,146 $881 $8,836 
Reconciliation to interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income$724 
Investment and insurance commissions881 
Bank owned life insurance (1) 197 
Other (1) 1,581 
Total$3,383 
(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.
60

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Service
Charges
on Deposit
Accounts
Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
Nine months ending September 30, 2025(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees$6,634 $— $— $— $6,634 
Account service charges1,951 — — — 1,951 
ATM fees— 1,169 — — 1,169 
Other— 506 — — 506 
Business    
Overdraft fees341 — — — 341 
ATM fees— 35 — — 35 
Other— 327 — — 327 
Interchange income— — 10,674 — 10,674 
Asset management revenue— — — 1,214 1,214 
Transaction based revenue— — — 1,290 1,290 
     
Total$8,926 $2,037 $10,674 $2,504 $24,141 
     
Reconciliation to interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
  
Non-interest income - other:     
Other deposit related income    $2,037 
Investment and insurance commissions   2,504 
Bank owned life insurance (1)    881 
Other (1)
    3,683 
Total    $9,105 
(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

61

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Service
Charges
on Deposit
Accounts
Other
Deposit
Related
Income
Interchange
Income
Investment
and
Insurance
Commissions
Total
Nine months ending September 30, 2024(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees$6,788 $— $— $— $6,788 
Account service charges1,787 — — — 1,787 
ATM fees— 1,225 — — 1,225 
Other— 603 — — 603 
Business    
Overdraft fees319 — — — 319 
ATM fees— 37 — — 37 
Other— 327 — — 327 
Interchange income— — 10,698 — 10,698 
Asset management revenue— — — 1,448 1,448 
Transaction based revenue— — — 1,075 1,075 
     
Total$8,894 $2,192 $10,698 $2,523 $24,307 
     
Reconciliation to interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
  
Non-interest income - other:     
Other deposit related income    $2,192 
Investment and insurance commissions   2,523 
Bank owned life insurance (1)    566 
Other (1)
    3,537 
Total    $8,818 
(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.
16.    Leases
We have entered into leases in the normal course of business primarily for office facilities, some of which include renewal options and escalation clauses. Certain leases also include both lease components (fixed payments including rent, taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (common area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components together for all leases. We have also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Most of our leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion and are included in our right of use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities if they are reasonably certain of exercise.
Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date (we did not have any finance leases as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024). Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payment over the lease term.
62

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.
The cost components of our operating leases follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Operating lease cost$352 $349 $1,037 $1,044 
Variable lease cost2 10 12 32 
Short-term lease cost16 23 55 70 
Total$370 $382 $1,104 $1,146 
Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for our leased facilities.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases follows:
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Lease right of use asset (1)$6,473 $5,971 
Lease liabilities (2)$6,717 $6,338 
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)6.977.07
Weighted average discount rate4.4 %3.7 %
(1)Included in Accrued income and other assets in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(2)Included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Maturity analysis of our lease liabilities at September 30, 2025 based on required contractual payments follows:
(In thousands)
Three months ending December 31, 2025$343 
20261,310 
20271,166 
20281,110 
20291,112 
2030 and thereafter2,844 
Total lease payments7,885 
Less imputed interest(1,168)
Total$6,717 
63

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

17.    Segment Reporting
Independent Bank Corporation is a bank holding company, whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Independent Bank. As a community-oriented financial institution, substantially all of our operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers.
We have one reportable segment which is determined by the Chief Executive Officer, who is the designated chief operating decision maker, based upon information provided about the products and services we offer, primarily banking operations. The segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided to the chief operating decision maker, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if the operating performance, products/services, and customers are similar. The chief operating decision maker will evaluate the performance of our business components such as evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results assessing our segment and in the determination of allocating resources. The chief operating decision maker uses revenue streams to evaluate product pricing and significant expenses to assess performance and evaluate return on assets. The chief operating decision maker uses consolidated net income, earnings per share, and return on average assets to benchmark us against our competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessing performance and in establishing compensation. Loans, investments, and deposits provide the majority of revenues in the banking operation. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and compensation and employee benefits provide the significant expenses in the banking operation. All operations are domestic.
Segment performance is evaluated using consolidated net income, earnings per share, and return on average assets. Information reported internally for performance assessment by the chief operating decision maker is as follows, inclusive of reconciliations of significant segment totals to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
64

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Independent Bank
Other(1)
Eliminations
Total
(In thousands)
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans$61,254 $ $71 $61,325 
Interest on securities6,427   6,427 
Other investments1,538 343 (343)1,538 
Total Interest Income69,219 343 (272)69,290 
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits22,315  (343)21,972 
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures139 1,818  1,957 
Total Interest Expense22,454 1,818 (343)23,929 
Net Interest Income46,765 (1,475)71 45,361 
Provision for credit losses1,991   1,991 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses44,774 (1,475)71 43,370 
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Interchange income
4,157   4,157 
Service charges on deposit accounts
3,131   3,131 
Net gains on mortgage loans
1,425  49 1,474 
Mortgage loan servicing, net74   74 
Other3,010 310 (219)3,101 
Total Non-interest Income11,797 310 (170)11,937 
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Compensation and employee benefits21,016 144 (35)21,125 
Data processing3,764 20  3,784 
Occupancy, net2,121 6  2,127 
Interchange expense1,180   1,180 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment891 1  892 
Advertising523 3  526 
FDIC deposit insurance615   615 
Legal and professional546 136  682 
Loan and collection618   618 
Communications460 5  465 
Other1,915 202  2,117 
Total Non-interest Expense33,649 517 (35)34,131 
Income Before Income Tax22,922 (1,682)(64)21,176 
Income tax expense4,122 (435)(13)3,674 
Net Income$18,800 $(1,247)$(51)$17,502 
OTHER SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
Depreciation
1,125   1,125 
Amortization
121   121 
Total assets
5,486,851 538,943 (532,681)5,493,113 
(1)    Includes amounts relating to our parent company and certain insignificant operations.
65

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Independent Bank
Other(1)
Eliminations
Total
(In thousands)
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans$58,345 $ $65 $58,410 
Interest on securities7,906   7,906 
Other investments2,018 487 (487)2,018 
Total Interest Income68,269 487 (422)68,334 
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits24,949  (487)24,462 
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures552 1,466  2,018 
Total Interest Expense25,501 1,466 (487)26,480 
Net Interest Income42,768 (979)65 41,854 
Provision for credit losses1,488   1,488 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses41,280 (979)65 40,366 
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Interchange income
4,146   4,146 
Service charges on deposit accounts
3,085   3,085 
Net gains on mortgage loans
2,125  52 2,177 
Mortgage loan servicing, net(3,130)  (3,130)
Other3,142 275 (187)3,230 
Total Non-interest Income9,368 275 (135)9,508 
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Compensation and employee benefits19,951 129 (32)20,048 
Data processing3,360 19  3,379 
Occupancy, net1,887 6  1,893 
Interchange expense1,149   1,149 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment931 1  932 
Advertising580 1  581 
FDIC deposit insurance664   664 
Legal and professional607 80  687 
Loan and collection657   657 
Communications514 5  519 
Other1,888 186  2,074 
Total Non-interest Expense32,188 427 (32)32,583 
Income Before Income Tax18,460 (1,131)(38)17,291 
Income tax expense3,725 (237)(7)3,481 
Net Income$14,735 $(894)$(31)$13,810 
OTHER SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
Depreciation
1,283   1,283 
Amortization
129   129 
Total assets
5,254,269 541,422 (536,423)5,259,268 
(1)    Includes amounts relating to our parent company and certain insignificant operations.
66

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Independent Bank
Other(1)
Eliminations
Total
(In thousands)
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans$178,419 $ $209 $178,628 
Interest on securities19,802   19,802 
Other investments3,882 1,082 (1,082)3,882 
Total Interest Income202,103 1,082 (873)202,312 
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits64,471  (1,082)63,389 
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures585 4,677  5,262 
Total Interest Expense65,056 4,677 (1,082)68,651 
Net Interest Income137,047 (3,595)209 133,661 
Provision for credit losses4,212   4,212 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses132,835 (3,595)209 129,449 
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Interchange income
10,674   10,674 
Service charges on deposit accounts
8,926   8,926 
Net gains on mortgage loans
5,231  177 5,408 
Mortgage loan servicing, net(72)  (72)
Other8,429 938 (617)8,750 
Total Non-interest Income33,188 938 (440)33,686 
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Compensation and employee benefits62,329 409 (107)62,631 
Data processing11,302 58  11,360 
Occupancy, net6,378 18  6,396 
Interchange expense3,476   3,476 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment2,568 2  2,570 
Advertising2,213 7  2,220 
FDIC deposit insurance1,963   1,963 
Legal and professional1,325 336  1,661 
Loan and collection2,148   2,148 
Communications1,507 19  1,526 
Other5,609 595  6,204 
Total Non-interest Expense100,818 1,444 (107)102,155 
Income Before Income Tax65,205 (4,101)(124)60,980 
Income tax expense12,232 (1,195)(26)11,011 
Net Income$52,973 $(2,906)$(98)$49,969 
OTHER SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
Depreciation
3,721 1  3,722 
Amortization
365   365 
Total assets
5,486,851 538,943 (532,681)5,493,113 
(1)    Includes amounts relating to our parent company and certain insignificant operations.
67

Index
NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Independent Bank
Other(1)
Eliminations
Total
(In thousands)
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans$170,050 $ $189 $170,239 
Interest on securities24,661   24,661 
Other investments4,898 1,320 (1,320)4,898 
Total Interest Income199,609 1,320 (1,131)199,798 
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits71,468  (1,320)70,148 
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures1,856 4,397  6,253 
Total Interest Expense73,324 4,397 (1,320)76,401 
Net Interest Income126,285 (3,077)189 123,397 
Provision for credit losses2,251   2,251 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses124,034 (3,077)189 121,146 
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Interchange income
10,698   10,698 
Service charges on deposit accounts
8,894   8,894 
Net gains on mortgage loans
4,750  124 4,874 
Mortgage loan servicing, net1,686   1,686 
Other10,809 754 (474)11,089 
Total Non-interest Income36,837 754 (350)37,241 
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Compensation and employee benefits61,795 356 (82)62,069 
Data processing9,836 55  9,891 
Occupancy, net5,835 018  5,853 
Interchange expense3,373   3,373 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment2,831 3  2,834 
Advertising1,854 6  1,860 
FDIC deposit insurance2,141   2,141 
Legal and professional1,417 300  1,717 
Loan and collection1,868   1,868 
Communications1,617 16  1,633 
Other4,306 564  4,870 
Total Non-interest Expense96,873 1,318 (82)98,109 
Income Before Income Tax63,998 (3,641)(79)60,278 
Income tax expense12,765 (800)(16)11,949 
Net Income$51,233 $(2,841)$(63)$48,329 
OTHER SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
Depreciation
3,879 2  3,881 
Amortization
387   387 
Total assets
5,254,269 541,422 (536,423)5,259,268 
(1)    Includes amounts relating to our parent company and certain insignificant operations.
68

Index
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction. The following section presents additional information to assess the financial condition and results of operations of Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), its wholly-owned bank, Independent Bank (the “Bank”), and their subsidiaries. This section should be read in conjunction with the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also encourage you to read our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). That report includes a list of risk factors that you should consider in connection with any decision to buy or sell our securities.
Overview. We provide banking services to customers located primarily in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. We also have a loan production office in Fairlawn, Ohio. As a result, our success depends to a great extent upon the economic conditions in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula.

Recent Developments. Pressures from various global and national macroeconomic conditions, including significant volatility and uncertainty with U.S. and global market conditions, the direct and indirect impacts of potential changes to U.S. trade policies, recessionary concerns, uncertainty regarding future interest rates, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine war, ongoing and potentially increasing conflict in the Middle East, and potential governmental responses to these events, continue to create significant economic uncertainty. In addition, pursuit of various initiatives announced by the Trump administration may create some degree of volatility in our customers’ businesses, regulation of the financial services industry, and the markets in which we operate. The extent to which these pressures and other factors may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our other intangibles, goodwill, securities available for sale ("AFS"), securities held to maturity ("HTM"), loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

It is against this backdrop that we discuss our results of operations and financial condition for the third quarter of 2025 as compared to earlier periods.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary. We recorded net income of $17.5 million and $13.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in 2025 third quarter results as compared to 2024 is due primarily to a $3.6 million favorable change in the fair value due to price of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights and a $3.5 million increase in the net interest income that were partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in non-interest expense.
We recorded net income of $50.0 million and $48.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in 2025 year-to-date results as compared to 2024 is primarily due to a $10.3 million increase in net interest income that was partially offset by a $4.0 million increase in non-interest expense, a $2.0 million increase in the provision for credit losses, a $1.8 million decrease in mortgage loan servicing, net and the prior year including a $2.7 million gain on Visa Inc. common stock.
Key performance ratios
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Net income (annualized) to
Average assets1.27 %1.04 %1.24 %1.24 %
Average shareholders’ equity14.57 %12.54 %14.32 %15.42 %
Net income per common share
Basic$0.85 $0.66 $2.40 $2.31 
Diluted0.84 0.65 2.38 2.29 

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Net interest income. Net interest income is the most important source of our earnings and thus is critical in evaluating our results of operations. Changes in our net interest income are primarily influenced by our level of interest-earning assets and the income or yield that we earn on those assets and the manner and cost of funding our interest-earning assets. Certain macro-economic factors can also influence our net interest income such as the level and direction of interest rates, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates (the steepness of the yield curve) and the general strength of the economies in which we are doing business. Finally, risk management plays an important role in our level of net interest income. The ineffective management of credit risk and interest-rate risk in particular can adversely impact our net interest income.
Our net interest income totaled $45.4 million during the third quarter of 2025, an increase of $3.5 million, or 8.4% from the year-ago period. This increase primarily reflects a $173.8 million increase in average interest-earning assets and a 17 basis point increase in our tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”).
For the first nine months of 2025, net interest income totaled $133.7 million, an increase of $10.3 million, or 8.3% from 2024. This increase primarily reflects a $161.6 million increase in average interest-earning assets and a 19 basis point increase in our net interest margin.
The increase in average interest-earning assets in both the three and nine month periods of 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024 primarily reflects growth in commercial loans funded from decreases in installment loans and securities available for sale and held to maturity as well as an increase in deposits.
The increases in our net interest margin during the three and nine month periods in 2025 is attributed to 27 basis point decreases in interest expense as a percent of average interest-earning assets ("Cost of Funds") that were only partially offset by 10 basis point and eight basis point decreases, respectfully in interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets ("Asset Yield") during those same periods. These decreases are primarily attributed to the decreases in the federal funds rate since September of 2024. Our Cost of Funds has been positively impacted by deposit pricing sensitivity to the decreases in interest rates discussed above. Our Asset Yield has been negatively impacted by lower rates on variable rate earning assets. However, this impact has been partially offset by the origination of new fixed rate loans at rates higher than those in our current portfolio, as well as a shift in earning asset mix from generally lower rate investment securities to higher rate loans. See Asset/liability management.
Our net interest income is also impacted by our level of non-accrual loans. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, non-accrual loans averaged $10.8 million and $8.4 million, respectively. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, non-accrual loans averaged $4.5 million and $4.1 million, respectively. In addition, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 we had net recoveries of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively of unpaid interest on loans placed on or taken off non-accrual or on loans previously charged-off compared to net recoveries of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, during the same periods in 2024.
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Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates
Three Months Ended September 30,
20252024
Average
Balance
InterestRate (2)Average
Balance
InterestRate (2)
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans$4,193,925 $61,250 5.81 %$3,901,370 $58,322 5.96 %
Tax-exempt loans (1)7,632 95 4.95 8,584 111 5.14 
Taxable securities573,333 3,660 2.55 665,974 4,502 2.70 
Tax-exempt securities (1)253,029 3,190 5.04 267,776 3,539 5.29 
Interest bearing cash113,660 1,261 4.40 126,039 1,717 5.42 
Other investments18,102 277 6.12 16,099 301 7.48 
Interest Earning Assets5,159,681 69,733 5.38 4,985,842 68,492 5.48 
Cash and due from banks58,099 57,211 
Other assets, net234,143 232,570 
Total Assets$5,451,923 $5,275,623 
Liabilities
Savings and interest-bearing checking$2,850,176 13,282 1.85 $2,763,558 15,621 2.25 
Time deposits930,358 8,690 3.71 804,944 8,841 4.37 
Other borrowings81,490 1,957 9.57 121,182 2,018 6.64 
Interest Bearing Liabilities3,862,024 23,929 2.46 3,689,684 26,480 2.86 
Non-interest bearing deposits1,005,875 1,047,617 
Other liabilities107,602 100,245 
Shareholders’ equity476,422 438,077 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$5,451,923 $5,275,623 
Net Interest Income$45,804 $42,012 
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets3.54 %3.37 %
_________________________________
(1)Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities available for sale is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.
(2)Annualized





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Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20252024
Average
Balance
InterestRateAverage
Balance
InterestRate (2)
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans$4,123,797 $178,407 5.78 %$3,848,092 $169,974 5.90 %
Tax-exempt loans (1)7,141 280 5.25 8,660 335 5.17 
Taxable securities594,769 11,491 2.58 691,327 14,466 2.79 
Tax-exempt securities (1)257,051 9,590 4.97 267,689 10,638 5.30 
Interest bearing cash92,263 3,058 4.43 97,941 3,994 5.45 
Other investments16,731 825 6.57 16,452 904 7.33 
Interest Earning Assets5,091,752 203,651 5.34 4,930,161 200,311 5.42 
Cash and due from banks56,073 54,481 
Other assets, net237,413 235,026 
Total Assets$5,385,238 $5,219,668 
Liabilities
Savings and interest-bearing checking$2,827,773 38,731 1.83 $2,690,359 43,178 2.14 
Time deposits887,385 24,658 3.72 825,984 26,970 4.37 
Other borrowings93,520 5,262 7.51 126,861 6,253 6.58 
Interest Bearing Liabilities3,808,678 68,651 2.41 3,643,204 76,401 2.80 
Non-interest bearing deposits1,001,228 1,053,719 
Other liabilities108,799 104,057 
Shareholders’ equity466,533 418,688 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$5,385,238 $5,219,668 
Net Interest Income$135,000 $123,910 
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets3.54 %3.35 %
_________________________________
(1)Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities available for sale is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.
(2)Annualized
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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Net Interest Margin, Fully Taxable Equivalent ("FTE")
Net interest income$45,361 $41,854 $133,661 $123,397 
Add:  taxable equivalent adjustment443 158 1,339 513 
Net interest income - taxable equivalent$45,804 $42,012 $135,000 $123,910 
Net interest margin (GAAP) (1)3.51 %3.35 %3.50 %3.34 %
Net interest margin (Non-GAAP FTE) (1)3.54 %3.37 %3.54 %3.35 %
(1)Annualized.
Provision for credit losses. The provision for credit losses was an expense of $1.99 million and an expense of $1.49 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the provision for credit losses was an expense of $4.21 million and an expense of $2.25 million, respectively.
The provision reflects our assessment of the allowance for credit losses (the “ACL”) taking into consideration factors such as loan growth, loan mix, levels of non-performing and classified loans, economic conditions and loan net charge-offs. While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors. See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality” for a discussion of the various components of the ACL and their impact on the provision for credit losses in 2025.
The $0.50 million increase in the provision for credit losses expense on loans from the prior year quarter is primarily due to an increase in specific allocations of the ACL on commercial loans including a $13.8 million commercial real estate loan that was put on non-accrual during the quarter as well as an increase in pooled reserves on commercial loans that were partially offset by a two basis point decrease in allocations based on subjective factors. The decrease in the allocation based on subjective factors was due in part to a generally less pessimistic economic outlook including previous expectations of the impact of new tariffs.
The $2.0 million increase in the provision for credit losses expense on loans from the prior year to date period is primarily due to a net increase in specific reserve allocations on commercial loans (see above discussion on commercial specific loans), an increase in net charge-offs in both the retail and commercial loan portfolios and an increase in pooled allocations in the commercial loan portfolio that were partially offset by decreases in pooled and specific allocations in the retail loan portfolio and a decrease in allocations based on subjective factors.
The year to date provision for credit losses on securities HTM in 2025 and 2024 was a credit of $0.040 million and $1.149 million, respectively. The change in provision for credit losses on securities HTM reflects a partial recovery during the first quarter of 2024 of one corporate security (Signature Bank) totaling $1.125 million. See “Securities” below and note #3 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-interest income. Non-interest income is a significant element in assessing our results of operations. Non-interest income totaled $11.9 million during the third quarter of 2025 compared to $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2024. For the first nine months of 2025, non-interest income totaled $33.7 million compared to $37.2 million for the first nine months of 2024.
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The components of non-interest income are as follows:
Non-Interest Income
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands)
Interchange income$4,157 $4,146 $10,674 $10,698 
Service charges on deposit accounts3,131 3,085 8,926 8,894 
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans1,474 2,177 5,408 4,874 
Equity securities at fair value— (8)— 2,685 
Securities available for sale(36)(145)(355)(414)
Mortgage loan servicing, net74 (3,130)(72)1,686 
Investment and insurance commissions940 882 2,504 2,524 
Bank owned life insurance288 197 881 566 
Other1,909 2,304 5,720 5,728 
Total non-interest income$11,937 $9,508 $33,686 $37,241 

Mortgage loan activity is summarized as follows:
Mortgage Loan Activity
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans originated$145,561 $147,516 $401,184 $384,112 
Mortgage loans sold (1)
101,615 117,037 279,593 289,395 
Net gains on mortgage loans (2)
1,474 2,177 5,408 4,874 
Net gains as a percent of mortgage loans sold  ("Loan Sales Margin")1.45 %1.86 %1.93 %1.68 %
Fair value adjustments included in the Loan Sales Margin0.03 0.46 0.32 0.30 
(1) Mortgage loan sales in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 include $4.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively, of portfolio loan transactions. Mortgage loan sales during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 include $19.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively, of portfolio loan transactions. These transactions were performed for interest rate risk purposes.
(2)    Net gains on mortgage loans in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 include net gains of $0.07 million and $0.12 million, respectively, from portfolio loan transactions. Net gains during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 were $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Mortgage loans originated and sold in both the quarter and year to date periods ending September 30, were relatively unchanged in 2025 as compared to 2024. These results reflect ongoing sales efforts by our mortgage lending team.
The volume of loans sold is dependent upon our ability to originate mortgage loans as well as the demand for fixed-rate obligations and other loans that we choose to not put into portfolio because of our established interest-rate risk parameters. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Net gains on mortgage loans are also dependent upon economic and competitive factors as well as our ability to effectively manage exposure to changes in interest rates and thus can often be a volatile part of our overall revenues.
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Net gains on mortgage loans totaled $1.5 million and $2.2 million during the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively and $5.4 million and $4.9 million during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease from the prior year three month period is attributed to a combination of a lower Loan Sales Margin (due to lower fair value adjustments) and a decrease in the volume of loans sold while the increase during the year to date period is attributed to an increase in the loan sales margin.
Our Loan Sales Margin is impacted by several factors including competition and the manner in which the loan is sold. Net gains on mortgage loans are also impacted by recording fair value accounting adjustments. Excluding these fair value accounting adjustments, the Loan Sales Margin would have been 1.42% and 1.40% in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively, and would have been 1.61% and 1.38% in the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in the Loan Sales Margin (excluding fair value adjustments) during the first nine months of 2025 was generally due in part to higher primary-to-secondary market pricing spreads relative to the same period last year. The contraction of the Loan Sales Margin during the third quarter of 2025 was due in part to certain loan marketing specials during the third quarter of 2025.

Gain on equity securities at fair value totaled zero and $2.7 million during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The gain in 2024 was the consequence of the exchange of our shares of Visa Class B-1 common stock on May 6, 2024 into a combination of Visa Class C common stock and Visa Class B-2 common stock. With the completion of this exchange, we were able to record the fair value of the Visa Class C common stock through income (as it was convertible into publicly traded Visa Class A common stock) while the Visa Class B-2 common stock continues to be carried at zero. See note #13 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
We recorded a net loss of $0.36 million and $0.41 million on the sale of securities AFS for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. We recorded no credit related charges in either 2025 or 2024 on securities AFS. See “Securities” below and note #3 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income (expense) of $0.1 million and $(3.1) million in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income (expense) of $(0.1) million and $1.7 million, respectively. The significant variances in mortgage loan servicing, net are primarily due to changes in the fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights associated with changes in interest rates and the associated expected future prepayment levels and expected float rates as well as a decline in servicing revenue. The decline in revenue, net in the table below is attributed to the sale of approximately $931 million of mortgage servicing rights on January 31, 2025.
Mortgage loan servicing, net activity is summarized in the following table:
Mortgage Servicing Revenue
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Mortgage loan servicing, net:(In thousands)
  Revenue, net $1,614 $2,248 $5,145 $6,681 
  Fair value change due to price(576)(4,155)(2,328)(1,979)
  Fair value change due to pay-downs(903)(1,223)(2,656)(3,016)
  Loss on sale of originated servicing rights
(61)— (233)— 
Total$74 $(3,130)$(72)$1,686 
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Activity related to capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is as follows:
Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$32,053 $44,406 $46,796 $42,243 
Originated servicing rights capitalized948 1,176 2,766 2,956 
Change in fair value(1,479)(5,378)(4,984)(4,995)
Sale of originated servicing rights (1)
61 — (12,823)— 
Loss on sale of originated servicing rights (1)
(61)— (233)— 
Balance at end of period$31,522 $40,204 $31,522 $40,204 
(1)     On January 31, 2025 we sold $931.6 million of mortgage loan servicing rights (26.3% of total servicing portfolio) and transferred the servicing on March 3, 2025. This sale represented approximately $13.1 million (27.9%) of the total capitalized mortgage loan servicing right asset. While there remains a customary hold back of final settlement funds of approximately $0.6 million relating to this transaction, we are not aware of any issues that will have a material impact on this final payment. We have until the first quarter, 2026 to receive this final payment. Transaction expenses relating to this sale were approximately $0.2 million and was expensed during the first quarter of 2025.
At September 30, 2025 we were servicing approximately $2.62 billion in mortgage loans for others on which servicing rights have been capitalized. This servicing portfolio had a weighted average coupon rate of 4.49% and a weighted average service fee of approximately 25.6 basis points. Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights at September 30, 2025 totaled $31.5 million, representing approximately 120.3 basis points on the related amount of mortgage loans serviced for others.
As summarized in the table above, the decrease in capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights during the first nine months of 2025 is primarily attributed to the originated mortgage loan servicing rights sale. This transaction was executed in part to reduce the amount of exposure the bank had to rate variances that may impact the mortgage servicing right asset valuation in future periods. With this sale, it is expected mortgage loan servicing, net will decrease commensurate with the amount of servicing sold relative to the same periods in 2024. While the magnitude of fair value adjustments would also be expected to decrease, those adjustments are dependent upon factors that are harder to predict.
Bank owned life insurance increased by $0.1 million and $0.3 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively compared to the same prior year periods due to an increase in crediting rate.
Other income in the table above decreased by $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same prior year period due to lower commercial loan swap fees.
Non-interest expense. Non-interest expense is an important component of our results of operations. We strive to efficiently manage our cost structure.
Non-interest expense increased by $1.5 million to $34.1 million and increased by $4.0 million to $102.2 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
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The components of non-interest expense are as follows:
Non-Interest Expense
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(In thousands)
Compensation$13,916 $13,264 $40,723 $39,931 
Performance-based compensation2,900 3,426 9,979 10,787 
Payroll taxes and employee benefits4,309 3,358 11,929 11,351 
Compensation and employee benefits21,125 20,048 62,631 62,069 
Data processing3,784 3,379 11,360 9,891 
Occupancy, net2,127 1,893 6,396 5,853 
Interchange expense1,180 1,149 3,476 3,373 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment892 932 2,570 2,834 
Advertising526 581 2,220 1,860 
Loan and collection618 657 2,148 1,868 
FDIC deposit insurance615 664 1,963 2,141 
Legal and professional682 687 1,661 1,717 
Communications465 519 1,526 1,633 
Taxes, licenses and fees
335 347 951 891 
Director fees
265 235 773 709 
Amortization of intangible assets121 129 365 387 
Provision (recovery) for loss reimbursement on sold loans
(5)24 (22)26 
Net gains (losses) on other real estate and repossessed assets
39 14 (77)(170)
Other1,362 1,325 4,214 3,027 
Total non-interest expense$34,131 $32,583 $102,155 $98,109 
Compensation and employee benefits expenses, in total, increased $1.1 million on a quarterly comparative basis and increased $0.6 million for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
Compensation expense increased by $0.7 million and $0.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. These comparative increases in 2025 were primarily due to salary increases that were predominantly effective on January 1, 2025, that were partially offset by deferred loan origination costs due in part to higher commercial loan volume and higher per loan costs as well as a decrease in mortgage lending and other retail personnel.
Performance-based compensation decreased by $0.5 million and $0.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease is due in part to lower expected incentive compensation payout for salaried and hourly employees.
Payroll taxes and employee benefits increased by $1.0 million and $0.6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, due primarily to increases in employee medical insurance costs and retirement costs.
Data processing expense increased by $0.4 million and $1.5 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods due in part to core data processor annual asset growth and CPI related cost increases as well as new solutions implemented during this time frame.
Occupancy, net increased by $0.2 million and $0.5 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods due in part to higher snow removal costs, utility costs and higher depreciation expense due to a new location.
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Other expense increased by $1.2 million in the first nine months of 2025, due primarily to costs related to the capitalized mortgage loan servicing right sale (nine month period - see “Non-interest income” above), higher fraud related losses, real estate property write down, higher travel and expense costs and higher Michigan Corporate Income Tax (due to an increase in taxable base).
Income tax expense. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.7 million and $11.0 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2025, respectively. This compares to an income tax expense of $3.5 million and $11.9 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024, respectively. The changes in expense for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is primarily due to changes in pretax income that was partially offset by an increase in non-taxable income and certain low income housing and solar tax credits.
Our actual income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance, differences in the value of stock awards that vest and stock options that are exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed and certain low income housing and solar tax credits.
We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at September 30, 2025 and 2024 and at December 31, 2024, that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary. Our total assets increased by $155.0 million during the first nine months of 2025. Loans, excluding loans held for sale, were $4.20 billion at September 30, 2025, compared to $4.04 billion at December 31, 2024. Commercial loans and mortgage loans increased while installment loans decreased during the first nine months of 2025. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Securities available for sale and securities held to maturity together totaled $824.0 million at September 30, 2025, a decline of $74.6 million since December 31, 2024.
Deposits totaled $4.86 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $205.1 million from December 31, 2024. The increase in deposits from December 31, 2024, is due to increases in savings and interest-bearing checking, reciprocal, time and brokered time deposits that were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing deposits.
Securities. We maintain diversified securities portfolios, which include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, securities issued by states and political subdivisions, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate securities, trust preferred securities and foreign government securities (that are denominated in U.S. dollars). We regularly evaluate asset/liability management needs and attempt to maintain a portfolio structure that provides sufficient liquidity and cash flow.
We believe that the unrealized losses on securities AFS are temporary in nature and are expected to be recovered within a reasonable time period. Based upon our liquidity and capital resources (as explained in more detail below under "Liquidity and capital resources"), we believe that we have the ability to hold securities with unrealized losses to maturity or until such time as the unrealized losses reverse. (See “Asset/liability management.”)
On April 1, 2022, we transferred certain securities AFS with an amortized cost and unrealized loss at the date of transfer of $418.1 million and $26.5 million, respectively to securities HTM. The transfer was made at fair value, with the unrealized loss becoming part of the purchase discount which will be accreted over the remaining life of the securities. The other comprehensive loss component is separated from the remaining available for sale securities and is accreted over the remaining life of the securities transferred. Based upon our liquidity and capital resources (as explained in more detail below under "Liquidity and capital resources"), we believe that we have the ability and intent to hold these securities until they mature, at which time we expect to receive full value for these securities.
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Securities Available for Sale
Amortized
Cost
UnrealizedFair
Value
GainsLosses
Securities available for sale(In thousands)
September 30, 2025$556,662 $415 $54,494 $502,583 
December 31, 2024621,588 343 62,749 559,182 
Securities Held to Maturity
Carrying
Value
Transferred
Unrealized
Loss (1)
ACLAmortized
Cost
UnrealizedFair Value
GainsLosses
(In thousands)
Securities held to maturity
September 30, 2025$321,450 $13,766 $92 $335,308 $43 $42,109 $293,242 
December 31, 2024339,436 16,171 132 355,739 28 53,907 301,860 
(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.
Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at September 30, 2025. The decrease in unrealized losses during the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 is primarily attributed to a decrease in interest rates since December 31, 2024. See note #3 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.
For securities HTM an ACL is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. This ACL is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit loss. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) long-term historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. During the first quarter of 2023, one corporate security (Signature Bank) defaulted resulting in a full charge-off. Subsequent to this security's charge-off, a portion of its fair value had recovered and was subsequently sold during the first quarter of 2024 for $1.1 million during which period we recorded that amount as a recovery to the ACL. See note #3 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.
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Sales of securities available for sale were as follows (See “Non-interest income.”):
Sales of Securities Available for Sale
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
(in thousands)(In thousands)
Proceeds$4,225 $2,158 $30,581 $39,431 
Gross gains— — 37 14 
Gross losses36 145 392 428 
Net losses
$(36)$(145)$(355)$(414)
Equity Securities at Fair Value
On May 6, 2024, we exchanged 12,566 shares of Visa Inc. Class B-1 common stock (all of the Class B-1 shares we owned) for 2,493 shares of Visa Inc. Class C common stock and 6,283 shares of Visa Inc. Class B-2 common stock pursuant to an exchange offer conducted by Visa. With the completion of the exchange, we recorded a gain related to the Class C shares of $2.7 million based on the conversion privilege of those shares and the closing price of the Class A shares on May 3, 2024 (the exchange expiration date) of $268.49 per share. Subsequent to the exchange, we sold all of our Class C shares. See note #13 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.
Portfolio Loans and asset quality. In addition to the communities served by our Bank branch and loan production office network, our principal lending markets also include nearby communities and metropolitan areas. Subject to established underwriting criteria, we also may participate in commercial lending transactions with certain non-affiliated banks and make whole loan purchases from other financial institutions.
The senior management and board of directors of our Bank retain authority and responsibility for credit decisions and we have adopted uniform underwriting standards. Our loan committee structure and the loan review process attempt to provide requisite controls and promote compliance with such established underwriting standards. However, there can be no assurance that our lending procedures and the use of uniform underwriting standards will prevent us from incurring significant credit losses in our lending activities.
We generally retain loans that may be profitably funded within established risk parameters. (See “Asset/liability management.”) As a result, we may hold adjustable-rate conventional and fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans as Portfolio Loans, while 15- and 30-year fixed-rate non-jumbo mortgage loans are generally sold to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. (See “Non-interest income and “Asset/liability management.”).
A summary of our Portfolio Loans follows:
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(In thousands)
Real estate(1)
Residential first mortgages$1,294,990 $1,284,322 
Residential home equity and other junior mortgages205,530 179,857 
Construction and land development252,955 322,092 
Other(2)1,323,789 1,126,720 
Consumer551,747 579,345 
Commercial565,934 542,742 
Agricultural3,338 3,747 
Total loans$4,198,283 $4,038,825 
_________________________________
(1)Includes both residential and non-residential commercial loans secured by real estate.
(2)Includes loans secured by multi-family residential and non-farm, non-residential property.
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Non-performing assets
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans$22,598 $7,792 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest— — 
Subtotal22,598 7,792 
Less:  Government guaranteed loans2,243 1,790 
Total non-performing loans20,355 6,002 
Other real estate and repossessed assets589 938 
Total non-performing assets$20,944 $6,940 
As a percent of Portfolio Loans
Non-performing loans0.48 %0.15 %
Allowance for credit losses1.49 1.47 
Non-performing assets to total assets0.38 0.13 
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of non-performing loans306.85 %989.32 %
Non-performing loans have increased as a percent of Portfolio Loans since year-end 2024, primarily due to the addition of one commercial real estate loan during the third quarter of 2025. See note #4.
Other real estate and repossessed assets totaled $0.59 million and $0.94 million at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
We will place a loan that is 90 days or more past due on non-accrual, unless we believe the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Accordingly, we have determined that the collection of the accrued and unpaid interest on any loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest is probable.
The following tables reflect activity in our ACL on loans, securities and unfunded lending commitments as well as the allocation of our ACL on loans.
Allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded lending commitments
Nine months ended September 30,
20252024
LoansSecuritiesUnfunded
Commitments
LoansSecuritiesUnfunded
Commitments
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$59,379$132 $5,131 $54,658$157 $5,504 
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses4,252(40)— 3,400(1,149)— 
Recoveries credited to allowance1,604— — 2,1061,125 — 
Assets charged against the allowance(2,776)— — (2,720)— — 
Recoveries included in non-interest expense
— (190)— (676)
Balance at end of period$62,459$92 $4,941 $57,444$133 $4,828 
Net loans charged against the allowance to average Portfolio Loans
0.04 %0.02 %
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Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Specific allocations$5,661 $2,300 
Pooled analysis allocations46,092 45,929 
Additional allocations based on subjective factors10,706 11,150 
Total$62,459 $59,379 
Some loans will not be repaid in full. Therefore, an ACL on loans is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. Our ACL on loans is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolios. See note #4 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion on the ACL on loans.
While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.
The ACL increased $3.1 million to $62.5 million at September 30, 2025 from $59.4 million at December 31, 2024, and was equal to 1.49% of total Portfolio Loans at September 30, 2025, compared to 1.47% at December 31, 2024.
Since December 31, 2024, the ACL related to specific loans increased $3.4 million due primarily to one commercial loan addition. The ACL related to pooled analysis of loans increased $0.2 million due primarily to commercial loan growth that was only partially offset by a refinement in prepayment assumptions on mortgage loans that included a breakdown between fixed and variable rate loans. The ACL related to subjective factors decreased $0.4 million due primarily to a two basis point decrease in the allocation rate that was partially offset by commercial loan growth during the first nine months of 2025. The decrease in the allocation based on subjective factors was due in part to a generally less pessimistic economic outlook including previous expectations of the impact of new tariffs.
Deposits and borrowings. Historically, the loyalty of our customer base has allowed us to price deposits competitively, contributing to a net interest margin that generally compares favorably to our peers. However, we still face a significant amount of competition for deposits within many of the markets served by our branch network, which limits our ability to materially increase deposits without adversely impacting the weighted-average cost of core deposits.
To attract new core deposits, we have implemented various account acquisition strategies as well as branch staff sales training. Account acquisition initiatives have historically generated increases in customer relationships. Over the past several years, we have also expanded our treasury management products and services for commercial businesses and municipalities or other governmental units and have also increased our sales calling efforts in order to attract additional deposit relationships from these sectors. We view long-term core deposit growth as an important objective. Core deposits generally provide a more stable and lower cost source of funds than alternative sources such as short-term borrowings. (See “Liquidity and capital resources.”)
Deposits totaled $4.86 billion and $4.65 billion at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The increase in balances during the first nine months of 2025 is due to increases in savings and interest-bearing checking, reciprocal, time and brokered time deposits that were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing deposits. Reciprocal deposits totaled $981.1 million and $907.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These deposits represent demand, money market and time deposits from our customers that have been placed through IntraFi Network. This service allows our customers to access multi-million dollar FDIC deposit insurance on deposit balances greater than the standard FDIC insurance maximum.
We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain our current level of core deposits. In particular, those deposits that are uninsured may be susceptible to outflow. Data relating to our deposit portfolios (excluding brokered time) follows:
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September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Uninsured deposits (1) $1,139,186 $1,059,909 
Uninsured deposits as a percentage of deposits24.3 %23.3 %
Average deposit account size$22.20 $21.14 
Balance of top 100 largest depositors$1,146,569 $1,062,255 
Balance of top 100 depositors as a percentage of deposits, excluding brokered time deposits
24.5 %23.4 %
(1) These amounts exclude intercompany related deposits of $48.4 million and $54.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Uninsured deposits reported in our Call Report at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 totaled $1,187.5 million and $1,114.7 million, respectively.
We have also implemented strategies that incorporate using federal funds purchased, other borrowings and Brokered CDs to fund a portion of our interest-earning assets. The use of such alternate sources of funds supplements our core deposits and is also an integral part of our asset/liability management efforts.
Other borrowings, comprised primarily of FHLB borrowings, totaled $2.0 million and $45.0 million at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
As described above, we have utilized wholesale funding, including federal funds purchased, FHLB and FRB borrowings and Brokered CDs to augment our core deposits and fund a portion of our assets. At September 30, 2025, our use of such wholesale funding sources (including reciprocal deposits) amounted to approximately $1.16 billion, or 23.8% of total funding (deposits and all borrowings, excluding subordinated debt and debentures). Because wholesale funding sources are affected by general market conditions, the availability of such funding may be dependent on the confidence these sources have in our financial condition and operations. The continued availability to us of these funding sources is not certain, and Brokered CDs may be difficult for us to retain or replace at attractive rates as they mature. Our liquidity may be constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding sources or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest or at all. Our financial performance could also be affected if we are unable to maintain our access to funding sources or if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources. In such case, our net interest income and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We historically employed derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. During the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, we entered into $117.9 million and $136.0 million (aggregate notional amounts), respectively, of interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers, which were offset with interest rate swaps that the Bank entered into with a broker-dealer. We recorded $1.39 million and $1.52 million of fee income related to these transactions during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. See note #6 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for more information on our derivative financial instruments.
Liquidity and capital resources. Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to timely meet obligations as they come due at a reasonable funding cost or without incurring unacceptable losses. Our liquidity management involves the measurement and monitoring of a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus our liquidity management on maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets (primarily funds on deposit with the FRB and certain securities AFS) as well as developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for purchasing securities or originating Portfolio Loans as well as to be able to respond to unforeseen liquidity needs.
Our primary sources of funds include our deposit base, secured advances from the FHLB and FRB, federal funds purchased, borrowing facilities with other banks, and access to the capital markets (for Brokered CDs). At September 30, 2025, in addition to liquidity available from our normal operating, funding and investing activities we had unused credit lines with the FHLB and FRB of approximately $1.152 billion and $468.8 million, respectively. We also had approximately $465.9 million in fair value of unpledged securities AFS and HTM at September 30, 2025, which could be pledged for an estimated additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB of approximately $437.3 million.
At September 30, 2025, we had $946.2 million of time deposits that mature in the next 12 months. Historically, a majority of these maturing time deposits are renewed by our customers. Additionally, $3.91 billion of our deposits at September 30,
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2025, were in account types from which the customer could withdraw the funds on demand. Changes in the balances of deposits that can be withdrawn upon demand are usually predictable and the total balances of these accounts have generally grown or have been stable over time as a result of our marketing and promotional activities. However, there can be no assurance that historical patterns of renewing time deposits or overall growth or stability in deposits will continue in the future.
We have developed contingency funding plans that stress test our liquidity needs that may arise from certain events such as an adverse change in our financial metrics (for example, credit quality or regulatory capital ratios). Our liquidity management also includes periodic monitoring that measures quick assets (defined generally as highly liquid or short-term assets) to total assets, short-term liability dependence and basic surplus (defined as quick assets less volatile liabilities to total assets). Policy limits have been established for our various liquidity measurements and are monitored on a quarterly basis. In addition, we also prepare cash flow forecasts that include a variety of different scenarios.
We believe that we currently have adequate liquidity at our Bank because of our cash and cash equivalents, our portfolio of securities AFS, our access to secured advances from the FHLB and FRB and our ability to issue Brokered CDs.
We also believe that the available cash on hand at the parent company (including time deposits) of approximately $48.2 million as of September 30, 2025, provides sufficient liquidity resources at the parent company to meet operating expenses, to make interest payments on the subordinated debentures and, along with dividends from the Bank, to pay projected cash dividends on our common stock.
Effective management of capital resources is critical to our mission to create value for our shareholders. In addition to common stock, our capital structure also currently includes cumulative trust preferred securities and prior to the end of the third quarter of 2025, also included subordinated debt.
Capitalization
September 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
(In thousands)
Subordinated debt
$— $39,586 
Subordinated debentures
39,847 39,796 
Amount not qualifying as regulatory capital
(1,224)(810)
Amount qualifying as regulatory capital
38,623 78,572 
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock
311,770 318,777 
Retained earnings
239,602 205,853 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(60,630)(69,944)
Total shareholders’ equity
490,742 454,686 
Total capitalization
$529,365 $533,258 
In May 2020, we issued $40.0 million of fixed to floating subordinated notes with a ten year maturity and a five year call option. The initial coupon rate was 5.95% fixed for five years and then floated at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 5.825% beginning May 31, 2025. These subordinated notes were presented in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition under the caption “Subordinated debt” and presented net of remaining unamortized deferred issuance costs that were being amortized through the maturity date into interest expense on other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. On September 2, 2025 we redeemed our $40 million floating subordinated notes. As a result, we accelerated the remaining unamortized net issuance costs of $0.36 million during the third quarter of 2025 into interest expense as described above. This redemption did not affect our status as well-capitalized for regulatory purposes or have a material impact on our liquidity resources.
We currently have four special purpose entities with $39.8 million of outstanding cumulative trust preferred securities as of September 30, 2025. These special purpose entities issued common securities and provided cash to our parent company that in turn issued subordinated debentures to these special purpose entities equal to the trust preferred securities and common securities. The subordinated debentures represent the sole asset of the special purpose entities. The common
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securities and subordinated debentures are included in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The FRB has issued rules regarding trust preferred securities as a component of the Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies. The aggregate amount of trust preferred securities (and certain other capital elements) are limited to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill (net of any associated deferred tax liability). The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. At the parent company, all of these securities qualified as Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.
Common shareholders’ equity increased to $490.7 million at September 30, 2025, from $454.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to earnings retention and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Our tangible common equity (“TCE”) totaled $461.3 million and $424.9 million, respectively, at those same dates. Our ratio of TCE to tangible assets was 8.44% and 8.00% at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. TCE and the ratio of TCE to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures. TCE represents total common equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.
In December 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a 2025 share repurchase plan. Under the terms of the 2025 share repurchase plan, we are authorized to buy back up to 1,100,000, or approximately 5% of our outstanding common stock. During the first nine months of 2025, we repurchased 266,008 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $7.8 million. There were no shares repurchased during the first nine months of 2024.
We currently pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. These dividends totaled $0.78 per share and $0.72 per share in the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. We generally favor a dividend payout ratio between 30% and 50% of net income.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our Bank (and holding company) continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal regulatory standards (also see note #10 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).
Asset/liability management. Interest-rate risk is created by differences in the cash flow characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Options embedded in certain financial instruments, including caps on adjustable-rate loans as well as borrowers’ rights to prepay fixed-rate loans, also create interest-rate risk.
Our asset/liability management efforts identify and evaluate opportunities to structure our assets and liabilities in a manner that is consistent with our mission to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters. We evaluate various opportunities and alternate asset/liability management strategies carefully and consider the likely impact on our risk profile as well as the anticipated contribution to earnings. The marginal cost of funds is a principal consideration in the implementation of our asset/liability management strategies, but such evaluations further consider interest-rate and liquidity risk as well as other pertinent factors. We have established parameters for interest-rate risk. We regularly monitor our interest-rate risk and report at least quarterly to our board of directors.
We employ simulation analyses to monitor our interest-rate risk profile and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income and market value of portfolio equity that result from changes in interest rates. The purpose of these simulations is to identify sources of interest-rate risk. The simulations do not anticipate any actions that we might initiate in response to changes in interest rates and, accordingly, the simulations do not provide a reliable forecast of anticipated results. The simulations are predicated on immediate, permanent and parallel shifts in interest rates and generally assume that current loan and deposit pricing relationships remain constant. The simulations further incorporate assumptions relating to changes in customer behavior, including changes in prepayment rates on certain assets and liabilities. At September 30, 2025, our longer term interest rate risk measure based on changes in economic value indicates exposure to rising rates. Interest rate sensitivity under this measure has decreased from December 31, 2024 due to a decline in asset duration and a higher base value. Asset duration declined due to a shift in the asset mix to shorter duration loans (primarily variable rate commercial loans). In addition, at September 30, 2025 our simulation base-rate scenario for economic value increased from December 31, 2024. The increase was due primarily to an increase in the Bank’s tangible equity and an improvement in medium to long duration asset values given a decline in interest rates. The increase in asset values outpaced the increase in market value for longer duration deposits. We are carefully monitoring the change in our funding mix as well as the composition of our earning assets and the impact of potential future changes in interest rates on our changes in economic value and changes in net interest income. As a result, we may add some longer-term borrowings, may utilize derivatives (interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and interest rate floors) and may continue to sell some fixed rate jumbo and other portfolio mortgage loans in the future.
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CHANGES IN ECONOMIC VALUE, NET INTEREST INCOME AND NET INTEREST MARGIN
Change in Interest Rates
Economic
Value(1)
Percent
Change
Net
Interest
Income(2)
Percent
Change
Net Interest Margin(3)
Percent
Change
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
200 basis point rise$676,500 (5.31)%$198,000 2.86 %3.79 %2.99 %
100 basis point rise697,300 (2.39)195,600 1.61 3.74 1.63 
Base-rate scenario714,400 — 192,500 — 3.68 — 
100 basis point decline719,200 0.67 190,300 (1.14)3.64 (1.09)
200 basis point decline706,300 (1.13)188,100 (2.29)3.60 (2.17)
December 31, 2024
200 basis point rise$566,000 (9.76)%$185,500 1.64 %3.65 %1.67 %
100 basis point rise598,600 (4.56)184,400 1.04 3.63 1.11 
Base-rate scenario627,200 — 182,500 — 3.59 — 
100 basis point decline650,000 3.64 181,800 (0.38)3.58 (0.28)
200 basis point decline661,300 5.44 181,600 (0.49)3.58 (0.28)
_________________________________
(1)Simulation analyses calculate the change in the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including debt and related financial derivative instruments, under parallel shifts in interest rates by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a market-based discount rate. Cash flow estimates incorporate anticipated changes in prepayment speeds and other embedded options.
(2)Simulation analyses calculate the change in net interest income under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees or loan origination costs.
(3)Simulation analyses calculate the change in tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”) under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees or loan origination costs.
LITIGATION MATTERS
The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of litigation matters is not material. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.
The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.
Accounting standards update. See note #2 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Fair valuation of financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 - “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“FASB ASC Topic 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal
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or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. FASB ASC Topic 820 differentiates between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). Equity securities at fair value, securities AFS, loans held for sale, carried at fair value, derivatives and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets. See note #11 to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments and the related measurement techniques.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting and reporting policies for the ACL and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are deemed critical since they involve the use of estimates and require significant management judgments. Application of assumptions different than those that we have used could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or results of operations. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See applicable disclosures set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 under the caption “Asset/liability management.”
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) for the period ended September 30, 2025, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
(b)Changes in Internal Controls.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "Plan") pursuant to which non-employee directors can elect to receive shares of the Company's common stock in lieu of fees otherwise payable to the director for his or her service as a director. A director can elect to receive shares on a current basis or to defer receipt of the shares, in which case the shares are issued to a trust to be held for the account of the director and then generally distributed to the director after his or her retirement from the Board. Pursuant to this Plan, during the third quarter of 2025, the Company issued 332 shares of common stock to non-employee directors on a current basis and 1,765 shares of common stock to the trust for distribution to directors on a deferred basis. These shares were issued on July 1, 2025 representing aggregate fees of $0.06 million. The shares on a current basis were issued at a price of $32.41 per share and the shares on a deferred basis were issued at a price of $29.17 per share, representing 90% of the fair value of the shares on the credit date. The price per share was the consolidated closing bid price per share of the Company's common stock as of the date of issuance, as determined in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Company issued the shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 due to the fact that the issuance of the shares was made on a private basis pursuant to the Plan.
The following table shows certain information relating to repurchases of common stock for the three-months ended September 30, 2025:
PeriodTotal Number of
Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of a
Publicly
Announced Plan
Remaining
Number of
Shares Authorized
for Purchase
Under the Plan
July 2025847,724
August 202513,78930.10 13,732833,992
September 20251,18032.97 833,992
Total14,969$30.33 13,732833,992
(1) August and September include 57 shares and 1,180 shares, respectively, withheld from the shares that would otherwise have been issued to certain officers in order to satisfy the tax withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of restricted stock.

As announced on December 17, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the 2025 share repurchase plan on December 17, 2024. This plan authorizes the Company to purchase up to 1,100,000 shares through December 31, 2025.
Item 5. Other Information
During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement" or "Non-Rule 10b5‑1 Trading Arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits
(a)The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report:
Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover page interactive data file (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DateNovember 5, 2025By/s/ Gavin A. Mohr
Gavin A. Mohr, Principal Financial Officer
DateNovember 5, 2025By/s/ James J. Twarozynski
James J. Twarozynski, Principal Accounting Officer
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