Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||
Earnings (loss): | |||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (57,333 | ) | $ | (58,748 | ) | $ | (41,223 | ) | $ | 410 | $ | 2,960 | ||
Fixed charges to add to earnings: | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 12,219 | 6,883 | 3,546 | 58 | 63 | ||||||||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,140 | 993 | 562 | — | — | ||||||||||
Rent interest factor (1) | 977 | 905 | 528 | 477 | 395 | ||||||||||
Total fixed charges | 14,336 | 8,781 | 4,636 | 535 | 458 | ||||||||||
(Loss) earnings before income taxes and fixed charges | $ | (42,997 | ) | $ | (49,967 | ) | $ | (36,587 | ) | $ | 945 | $ | 3,418 | ||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (2) | (3.0 | ) | (5.7 | ) | (7.9 | ) | 1.8 | 7.5 | |||||||
(1) | Approximately one-third of rental expense is deemed representative of the interest factor. |
(2) | For 2016, 2015 and 2014, our earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $57.3 million, $58.7 million and $41.2 million, respectively. |