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Exhibit 4.19

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

REGISTERED UNDER SECTION 12 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

As of December 31, 2025, CRH public limited company (“CRH,” “CRH plc,” the “Company,” “we,”

“us,” and “our”) had the following securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”):

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Ordinary Shares of €0.32 each

CRH

New York Stock Exchange

5.200% Guaranteed Notes due 2029

CRH/29

New York Stock Exchange

5.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2030

CRH/30

New York Stock Exchange

4.400% Guaranteed Notes due 2031

CRH/31

New York Stock Exchange

6.400% Notes due 2033

CRH/33A

New York Stock Exchange

5.400% Guaranteed Notes due 2034

CRH/34

New York Stock Exchange

5.500% Guaranteed Notes due 2035

CRH/35

New York Stock Exchange

5.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2036

CRH/36

New York Stock Exchange

5.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2055

CRH/55

New York Stock Exchange

5.600% Guaranteed Notes due 2056

CRH/56

New York Stock Exchange

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings given to them in CRH’s Annual Report

on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES

The rights and restrictions to which our Ordinary Shares are subject are prescribed by our Memorandum

and Articles of Association (the “Articles”). This section summarizes the material terms of our Ordinary

Shares, including certain provisions of our Articles and applicable Irish law in effect on the date hereof.

However, the following description is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and

qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles, the Irish Companies Act 2014 (the “Companies Act

2014”) and any other applicable Irish law concerning companies, as amended from time to time.

A copy of the Company’s Articles is included as Exhibit 3.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the

fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

General

As of December 31, 2025, the authorized share capital of the Company was €401,297,940, which includes

1,250,000,000 Ordinary Shares of €0.32 each (the “Ordinary Shares”), 150,000 5% Cumulative

Preference Shares of €1.27 each and 872,000 7% “A” Cumulative Preference Shares of €1.27 each

(together the “Preference Shares”). The Preference Shares are not registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of

the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2025, 706,946,142 Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding.

All outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid.

Transfer of Shares and Registrar

A written instrument of transfer is required under Irish law in order to register on the Company’s share

register any transfer of shares (i) from a person who holds such shares directly to any other person, (ii)

from a person who holds such shares beneficially to a person who holds such shares directly, or (iii) from

a person who holds such shares beneficially to another person who holds such shares beneficially where

the transfer involves a change in the depository or other nominee that is the record owner of the

transferred shares. An instrument of transfer is also required for a shareholder who directly holds shares

in order to transfer those shares into his or her own broker account (or vice versa). The Articles provide

that the Secretary, or any other party designated by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”)

for such purpose from time to time, may sign an instrument of transfer on behalf of the transferor who is 

transferring shares in the Company. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Articles, the directors of the

Company (the “Directors”) have the power to permit any class of shares to be held in a settlement

securities system and to implement any arrangements they think fit for such evidencing and transfer

which accord with such the Companies Act 2014.

The foregoing instruments of transfer may give rise to Irish stamp duty. The Company, in its absolute

discretion and insofar as the Companies Act 2014 or any other applicable law permits, may, or may

procure that a subsidiary of the Company shall, pay Irish stamp duty arising on a transfer of shares on

behalf of the transferee of such shares of the Company. If stamp duty resulting from the transfer of shares

in the Company which would otherwise be payable by the transferee is paid by the Company or any

subsidiary of the Company on behalf of the transferee, then in those circumstances, the Company shall,

on its behalf or on behalf of its subsidiary (as the case may be), be entitled to (i) seek reimbursement of

the stamp duty from the transferee, (ii) set off the stamp duty against any dividends payable to the

transferee of those shares; and (iii) to the extent permitted by the Companies Act 2014, claim a first and

paramount lien on the shares on which stamp duty has been paid by the Company or its subsidiaries for

the amount of stamp duty paid, which lien shall extend to all dividends paid on those shares.

The Directors may, in their absolute discretion and without giving any reason, decline to register the

transfer, subject to the limitations specified in the Articles to encourage trading on an open and proper

basis, of (i) a share (other than a fully paid share) to a person of whom they do not approve, or (ii) a share

on which the Company has a lien. The Directors may also decline to register an instrument of transfer

unless (i) the instrument of transfer is accompanied by such evidence as the directors may reasonably

require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer, (ii) the transfer is in respect of one class of

shares only and (iii) the instrument of transfer is duly stamped if required and it and such evidence are

lodged at the Company’s office or any other place specified by the Board.

Computershare Trust Company N.A. acts as U.S. transfer agent and registrar for the Ordinary Shares.

Voting Rights

At shareholders’ meetings, holders of Ordinary Shares as of the applicable record date for such meeting

are entitled to one vote per share, either in person or by proxy. No shareholder is entitled to vote at any

general meeting unless all calls or other sums immediately payable in respect of shares in the Company

have been paid.

Dividend Rights

Shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare final dividends and the Directors may declare interim

dividends, but no final dividend may be declared in excess of the amount recommended by the Directors

and no dividend may be paid other than out of profits available for that purpose in accordance with the

Companies Act 2014. There is provision to offer scrip dividend in lieu of cash. The Preference Shares

rank for fixed rate dividends in priority to the Ordinary Shares. Any dividend which has remained

unclaimed for 12 years from the date of its declaration shall, if the Directors so decide, be forfeited and

cease to remain owing by the Company.

Calls on Shares

The Directors may from time to time call upon the shareholders in respect of any moneys unpaid on their

shares (whether on account of the nominal value of the shares or by way of premium) and not by the

conditions of allotment thereof made payable at fixed times.

Liquidation Rights

In the event the Company is being wound up, the liquidator may, with the sanction of a shareholders’

special resolution and any other sanction required by the Companies Act 2014, following the settlement

of all claims of creditors, divide among the holders of the Ordinary Shares the whole or any part of the

assets of the Company available for distribution (after the return of capital and payment of accrued

dividends on the Preference Shares) in cash or in kind, in proportion to the paid-up par value of the shares

held. The liquidator may, with a like sanction, vest such assets in trust as he thinks fit, but no shareholders

will be compelled to accept any shares or other assets upon which there is any liability.

Issuance of New Shares

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 2014 and the Articles, the issuance of new shares is at the

discretion of the Board. The Board requires the authority of the shareholders, by way of ordinary

resolution requiring a simple majority of the votes cast by the shareholders at a general meeting, to allot

any authorized but unissued Ordinary Share capital of the Company. At the Company’s 2025 Annual

General Meeting on May 8, 2025 (the “2025 General Meeting”), Resolution 6 was approved by the

shareholders authorizing the Board to issue Ordinary Shares up to an amount which represents 20% of the

Company’s issued Ordinary Share capital as at February 13, 2025, being Ordinary Shares with an

aggregate nominal value of €45,910,000. Any allotment exceeding 20% of the issued Ordinary Share

capital as at February 13, 2025 will only be made with the prior approval of the Company in a general

meeting. The authority granted under Resolution 6 expires at the close of business on the earlier of the

date of the Annual General Meeting in 2026 or November 7, 2026.

Pre-emptive Rights

Irish company law provides that issuances of equity shares for cash (and rights to subscribe for or to

convert into equity shares for cash) must be offered, pro rata, to the existing shareholders of equity shares.

The shareholders may, by special resolution (requiring not less than 75% of the votes cast by the

shareholders at a general meeting), eliminate this requirement for periods of up to five years. At the 2025

General Meeting, Resolution 7 was approved by the shareholders to renew the shareholder authorities of

the Directors to disapply statutory pre-emption rights in relation to allotments of Ordinary Shares for cash

in certain circumstances.

Resolution 7 authorizes the Board to allot Ordinary Shares on a non-pre-emptive basis and for cash

(otherwise than in connection with a rights issue or similar pre-emptive issue) up to a maximum of 20%

of the issued Ordinary Share capital of the Company as at February 13, 2025 (being Ordinary Shares with

an aggregate nominal value of €45,910,000). Resolution 7 also allows the Board to disapply pre-

emption rights in a rights issue or other pre-emptive issue in accordance with the Articles. The authority

granted under Resolution 7 expires at the close of business on the earlier of the date of the Annual

General Meeting in 2026 or November 7, 2026.

Disclosure of Shareholders’ Interests

Under the Companies Act 2014, shareholders are required to disclose their interests in, and changes to

interests in, 3% or more of a company’s share capital. Under Article 14 of the Articles, the Board may

give a notice to any shareholder requiring an indication in writing of: (i) the capacity in which the shares

are held or any interest therein; (ii) the persons who have an interest in the shares and the nature of their

interest; or (iii) whether any of the voting rights carried by such shares are the subject of any agreement or

arrangement under which another person is entitled to control the shareholder’s exercise of these rights.

Where such a notice is served by the Company on a person who is or was interested in shares of Company

and that person fails to give the Company the information required within the reasonable time specified,

the Company has the discretion to apply certain restrictions on such person including: (i) no voting rights

shall be exercisable in respect of those shares; (ii) no payment of dividend by the Company of any sums

due from those shares; and/or (iii) any transfer of those shares can be void.

Change of Control

There are no provisions in the Articles which would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a

change in the control of the Company.

Restrictions on Share Ownership

There are no restrictions under the Articles or under Irish law that limit the right of non-Irish residents or

foreign owners to freely hold their Ordinary Shares or to vote their Ordinary Shares.

Variation of Rights

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 2014, the rights attached to any class of shares may be

varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three fourths in nominal value of the

issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting

of the holders of those shares.

General Meeting

Shareholder meetings may be convened by majority vote of the Directors or requisitioned by shareholders

holding not less than 10% of the voting rights of the Company. A quorum for a general meeting of the

Company is constituted by two or more shareholders present in person and entitled to vote. The passing of

resolutions at a meeting of the Company, other than special resolutions, requires a simple majority. A

special resolution, in respect of which not less than 21 clear days’ notice in writing must be given,

requires the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the votes cast.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

General

The notes listed on the New York Stock Exchange and set forth on the cover page to the Company’s

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 were issued pursuant to effective

registration statements and related prospectus and prospectus supplement setting forth the terms of the

respective series of notes.

The following table sets forth the name of the issuer, the date of the registration statement, date of the

base prospectus and date of issuance for each series of notes.

Series

Issuer

Registration Statement

Date of Base Prospectus

Date of Issuance

Denomination

5.200% Guaranteed Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”)

CRH SMW Finance Designated Activity Company

333-279349-02

May 10, 2024

May 21, 2024

$200,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”, and with the 2029 Notes, the "SMW Notes")

SMW Finance

333-279349-02

May 10, 2024

January 9, 2025

$200,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

6.400% Notes due 2033 (the “2033 Notes”)

CRH America, Inc.

333-13648

September 6, 2001

September 29, 2003

$1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.400% Guaranteed Notes due 2034 (the “2034 Notes”)

CRH America Finance, Inc

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

May 21, 2024

$200,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.500% Guaranteed Notes due 2035 (the “2035 Notes”)

America Finance

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

January 9, 2025

$200,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2055 (the “2055 Notes”)

America Finance

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

January 9, 2025

$200,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

4.400% Guaranteed Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes”)

America Finance

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

October 9, 2025

$2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2036 (the “2036 Notes”)

America Finance

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

October 9, 2025

$2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

5.600% Guaranteed Notes due 2056 (the “2056 Notes,” and with the 2034 Notes, 2035 Notes, the 2055 Notes, the 2031 Notes and the 2036 Notes, the “America Finance Notes,” and with the SMW Notes and the 2033 Notes, the “Notes”)

America Finance

333-279349-01

May 10, 2024

October 9, 2025

$2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof

The following description of the Notes is a summary and does not purport to be complete, and is subject

to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the relevant Indenture (as defined below), the officers’

certificates setting forth the terms of the relevant Notes and the relevant global securities, which are

incorporated by reference as Exhibits 4.1 to 4.18 to the Form 10-K, respectively. We strongly encourage

investors to review the relevant Indenture, officers’ certificate and global securities for additional

information.

A. Terms Applicable to the Notes

The SMW Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of May 21, 2024 (as may be amended and

supplemented from time to time, to the extent that such amendments or supplements apply to the Notes,

the “SMW Indenture”) between CRH SMW Finance Designated Activity Company (“SMW Finance”), as

Issuer, CRH plc, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Trustee”) as trustee.

The 2033 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of March 20, 2002 (as may be amended

and supplemented from time to time, to the extent that such amendments or supplements apply to the

Notes, the “CRH America Indenture”) between CRH America, Inc. (“CRH America”), as Issuer, CRH

plc, as Guarantor, and the Trustee, as successor trustee to J.P. Morgan Chase Bank.

The 2034 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of May 21, 2024 (as may be amended and

supplemented from time to time, to the extent that such amendments or supplements apply to the Notes,

the “America Finance Indenture” and together with the CRH America Indenture and the SMW Indenture,

the “Indentures”) between CRH America Finance, Inc. (“CRH America Finance”), as Issuer, CRH plc, as

Guarantor, and the Trustee as trustee.

Each series of Notes and each Indenture is governed by, and is to be construed in accordance with, the

laws of the State of New York.

Description of the Notes

Each series of Notes were issued in the aggregate principal amount, and unless previously redeemed and

cancelled will mature on the maturity date and will bear interest at the rate per annum, set forth in the

table below: 

						Aggregate Principal Amount									Maturity Date									Fixed Interest Rate
2029 Notes						$750,000,000.00									May 21, 2029									5.200%
2030 Notes						$1,250,000,000.00									January 9, 2030									5.125%
2031 Notes						$1,000,000,000.00									February 9, 2031									4.400%
2033 Notes						$300,000,000.00									October 15, 2033									6.400%
2034 Notes						$750,000,000.00									May 21, 2034									5.400%
2035 Notes						$1,250,000,000.00									January 9, 2035									5.500%
2036 Notes						$1,000,000,000.00									February 9, 2036									5.000%
2055 Notes						$500,000,000.00									January 9, 2055									5.875%
2056 Notes						$500,000,000.00									February 9, 2056									5.600%

As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate principal amount set forth below was outstanding for each series

of Notes, and each series of Notes was listed and admitted to trading on the NYSE under the trading

symbol set forth below:

Aggregate Principal Amount Outstanding

NYSE Trading Symbol

2029 Notes

$750,000,000.00

CRH/29

2030 Notes

$1,250,000,000.00

CRH/30

2031 Notes

$1,000,000,000.00

CRH/31

2033 Notes

$212,555,000.00

CRH/33A

2034 Notes

$750,000,000.00

CRH/34

2035 Notes

$1,250,000,000.00

CRH/35

2036 Notes

$1,000,000,000.00

CRH/36

2055 Notes

$500,000,000.00

CRH/55

2056 Notes

$500,000,000.00

CRH/56

Interest on each series of the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on the interest payment dates,

commencing on the first interest payment date, set forth in the table below:

Interest Payment Dates

First Interest Payment Date

2029 Notes and 2034 Notes

May 21 and November 21 of each year

November 21, 2024

2033 Notes

April 15 and October 15 of each year

April 15, 2004

2031 Notes, 2036 Notes and 2056 Notes

February 9 and August 9 of each year

February 9, 2026

2030 Notes, 2035 Notes and 2055 Notes

January 9 and July 9 of each year

July 9, 2025

Each payment of interest due on an interest payment date or the date of maturity includes interest accrued

from and including the last date to which interest has been paid, or made available for payment, or from

the issue date if none has been paid or made available for payment, but excluding the interest payment

date or the date of maturity. Interest on each series of Notes is computed on the basis of a 360-day year of

twelve 30-day months. The regular record dates for each Notes are set forth in the table below:

		Regular Record Dates
2029 Notes and 2034 Notes		May 6 and November 6 of each year
2033 Notes		April 1 and October 1 of each year
2031 Notes, 2036 Notes and 2056 Notes		January 25 and July 25 of each year
2030 Notes, 2035 Notes and 2055 Notes		June 24 and December 25 of each year

The currency in which the payment of the principal of, or any premium, or interest of each series of Notes

is payable is U.S. dollars.

Form and Denomination

The Notes have been issued in fully registered form in denominations in the table above.

Each series of Notes are represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of Cede &

Co. as nominee of The Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”). Beneficial interests in a series of Notes

may be held through DTC, and DTC and its direct and indirect participants (including Euroclear and

Clearstream, Luxembourg) who record beneficial interest on their books. Settlement of the 2033 Notes

occurs through DTC in same day or, in case the case of all other series of Notes, immediately available

funds.

Trustee, Registrar, Transfer Agent and Paying Agent

The Bank of New York Mellon acts as trustee, registrar, transfer agent and principal paying agent for

each series of Notes. An Issuer may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the

designation of paying agents or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts. The

Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, Dublin Branch has been designated as Irish Paying Agent. See also

“B. General Terms Applicable to the Notes — Regarding the Trustee”.

Redemption and Repayment

The relevant Issuer or CRH plc, as applicable, may redeem a series of Notes in whole at any time or in

part from time to time at the applicable redemption price for such series of Notes as further described

below.

In addition, the relevant Issuer or CRH plc, as applicable, may redeem a series of Notes in whole if

certain tax events occur. See “B. General Terms Applicable to the Notes — Optional Tax Redemption”.

See “B. General Terms Applicable to the Notes — Redemption and Repayment” for other terms relating

to redemption of a series of Notes.

Ranking of the Notes

Each series of Notes is the unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the relevant Issuer and ranks

equally with all of such Issuer’s other present and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

Each series of Notes rank equally without any preference among themselves and with all of the relevant

Issuer’s present and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

See “B. General Terms Applicable to the Notes — Ranking” for further information about the ranking of

the Notes and the guarantees.

B. General Terms Applicable to the Notes

The following terms are applicable to all series of Notes, except where otherwise noted. Where

appropriate, we use parentheses to refer you to the particular sections of the relevant Indenture. Any

reference to particular sections or defined terms of an Indenture in any statement under this heading

qualifies the entire statement and incorporates by reference the applicable section or definition into that

statement.

Guarantee

CRH plc unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees on an unsubordinated basis the due and punctual

payment of the principal, interest, premium, if any, and any other additional amounts payable in respect of

the Notes and the Indenture, when and as any such payments become due and payable, whether at

maturity, upon redemption or declaration of acceleration, or otherwise. (Section 206)

Ranking

The guarantees of the Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CRH plc and rank equally with

all other present and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of CRH plc.

Any payment on a series of Notes is subject to the credit risk of the relevant Issuer, and the credit risk of

CRH plc, as guarantor of each series of Notes.

Further, because CRH America and CRH plc are holding companies, the right of holders to receive

payments on the 2033 Notes and the guarantees of the Notes are effectively subordinated to any

indebtedness of such entities’ subsidiaries. The subsidiaries of CRH America are not guarantors on the

2033 Notes, and the subsidiaries of CRH plc are not guarantors on the Notes, and claims of the creditors

of CRH America or CRH plc’s subsidiaries have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over the

claims of CRH America’s or CRH plc’s creditors.

Additional Indebtedness

The Indentures do not limit the aggregate amount of debt securities that any Issuer may issue or the

number of series or the aggregate amount of any particular series. Each Issuer may issue debt securities

and other securities at any time without the consent of the holders and without notifying them. The

Indentures and the Notes also do not limit any Issuer’s ability to incur other indebtedness or to issue other

securities. Also, the Issuers are not subject to financial or similar restrictions by the terms of the Notes,

except as described under “-Covenants-Restriction on Sales and Leasebacks” and “-Covenants-Restriction

on Liens”.

Covenants

Restrictions on Liens

Some of each Issuer’s or CRH plc’s property may be subject to a mortgage or other legal mechanism that

gives their lenders preferential rights in that property over other lenders, including holders of a series of

Notes, or over each Issuer’s and CRH plc’s general creditors if the relevant Issuer or CRH plc fail to pay

them back. These preferential rights are called liens. The Issuers and CRH plc will not become obligated

on any new debt for borrowed money that is secured by a lien on any of the Issuers’ and CRH plc’s

properties, which are described further below, unless an Issuer and CRH plc grant an equivalent or

higher-ranking lien on the same property to direct holders of the Notes.

Neither CRH plc nor any Issuer needs to comply with this restriction if the amount of all debt that would

be secured by liens on such Issuer’s and CRH plc’s properties, which are described further below,

excluding the debt secured by the liens that are listed later, does not exceed (i) with respect to the 2033

Notes, 10% of CRH plc’s consolidated shareholders’ funds and (ii) with respect to the 2029 Notes and the

2034 Notes, 15% of CRH plc’s consolidated shareholders’ funds. (Section 1008)

Consolidated shareholders’ funds refers to:

•The paid-up capital of CRH plc; plus

•The consolidated capital and revenue reserves of CRH plc, capital grants, deferred taxation and

minority shareholders’ interests, but deducting the amount of repayable government grants; minus

•Any revaluation upwards after the end of CRH plc’s latest fiscal year preceding the issuance of

the Notes of plant and machinery.

•This restriction on liens applies only to liens for borrowed money. For example, liens imposed by

operation of law or by order of a court, such as liens to secure statutory obligations for taxes or

workers’ compensation benefits, or liens an Issuer or CRH plc creates to secure obligations to pay

legal judgments or surety bonds, would not be covered by this restriction. This restriction on liens

also does not apply to debt secured by a number of different types of liens, and the Issuers and

CRH plc can disregard this debt when calculating the limits imposed by this restriction. These

types of liens include the following:

•any lien existing on or before the date of the issuance of the Notes.

•any lien over any property that the relevant Issuer or CRH plc acquired as security for, or for

indebtedness incurred, to finance all or part of the price of its acquisition, construction,

development, modification or improvement.

•any lien over any property that the relevant Issuer or CRH plc acquired subject to the lien,

provided the lien was not created in anticipation of the acquisition of that property.

•any lien to secure indebtedness for borrowed money incurred in connection with a specifically

identifiable project where the lien relates to a property involved in the project and that the

relevant Issuer or CRH plc acquired after the date of the issuance of the Notes.

•any lien securing the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s indebtedness for borrowed money incurred in

connection with the financing of accounts receivable.

•any lien incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business which do not involve

borrowed money including but not limited to,

•any mechanics’, materialsmen’s, carriers’, workmen’s, vendors’ or similar lien,

•any lien arising in connection with equipment leases,

•any easements or rights-of-way restrictions and other similar charges.

•any lien upon specific items of the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s inventory or other goods and

proceeds securing the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s obligations in respect of bankers’

acceptances issued or created to purchase, ship or store such inventory or other goods.

•any lien or deposits securing the performance of tenders, bids, leases, trade contracts (other than

for borrowed money), statutory obligations, surety bonds, appeal bonds, government contracts,

performance bonds, return-of-money bonds and other similar obligations incurred in the ordinary

course of business.

•any lien securing industrial revenue, development, first mortgage bonds issued to secure other

bonds or similar bonds issued by or for the benefit of the relevant Issuer or CRH plc.

•any lien on the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s property required by contract or any applicable

laws, rules, regulations or statutes, securing the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s obligations and

payments under a contract with a governmental entity or in relation to a contract entered into at

the request of a governmental entity;

•any statutory or contractual right of set-off, including rights of financial institutions to offset

credit balances in connection with the operation of cash management programs established for the

relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s benefit or in connection with the issuance of letters of credit for

their benefit, any lien created on compensating credit balances and any lien created on amounts of

a nature similar to such credit balances held in trust, in each case (other than a statutory right of

set-off) to the extent required by a financial institution as security for financing provided to the

relevant Issuer, CRH plc or any direct or indirect subsidiary of CRH plc;

•any lien securing liabilities under agreements with the Exports Credit Guarantee Department of

the British government, or similar forms of credit, over sums due under any contract for the

purchase, supply or installation of plant and/or machinery;

•any lien constituted by a right of set-off or right over a margin call account or any form of cash or

cash collateral or any similar arrangement for obligations related to the hedging or management

of risks under transactions involving any currency or interest rate swap, cap or collar

arrangements, forward exchange transaction, option, warrant, forward rate agreement, futures

contract or other derivative instrument of any kind;

•any lien arising out of title retention or like provisions in connection with the purchase of goods

and equipment in the ordinary course of business;

•any lien securing taxes or assessments or other applicable governmental charges or levies;

•any lien securing reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, guaranties and other forms of

credit enhancement given in connection with the purchase of goods and equipment in the ordinary

course of business;

•any lien in favor of CRH plc or any subsidiary of CRH plc.

•any extension, renewal or replacement, as a whole or in part, of any lien included earlier in this

list; and

•the amount does not exceed the principal amount of the borrowed money secured by the lien

which is to be so extended, renewed or replaced; and

•the extension, renewal, or replacement lien is limited to all or part of the same property, including

improvements that secured the lien to be extended, renewed or replaced. (Section 1008)

Restrictions on Sales and Leasebacks

Neither CRH plc nor any Issuer will enter into any sale and leaseback transaction involving a property

other than as allowed by the covenant relating to these under the relevant Indenture. A sale and leaseback

transaction is an arrangement between an Issuer or CRH plc and any person where the relevant Issuer or

CRH plc leases a property that the relevant Issuer or CRH plc has owned for more than 270 days and has

sold to that person or to any person to whom that person has advanced funds on the security of the

property.

This restriction on sales and leasebacks does not apply to any sale and leaseback transaction that is

between CRH plc and one of its subsidiaries, or between a subsidiary of CRH plc and any other

subsidiary of CRH plc. It also does not apply to any lease with a term, including renewals, of three years

or less. Further, the Indentures do not restrict the ability of any subsidiary of CRH plc (other than the

Issuers) to enter into sale and leaseback transactions.

The covenant allows an Issuer or CRH plc to enter into sale and leaseback transactions in two additional

situations. First, an Issuer or CRH plc may enter sale and leaseback transactions if they could grant a lien

on the property in an amount equal to the indebtedness attributable to the sale and leaseback transaction

without being required to grant an equivalent or higher-ranking lien to the holders of the Notes under the

restriction on liens described above.

Second, an Issuer or CRH plc may enter into sale and leaseback transactions if, within one year of the

transaction, such Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, invests an amount equal to at least the net

proceeds of the sale of the property that such Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, lease in the

transaction or the fair value of that property, whichever is greater. This amount must be invested in any of

such Issuer’s or CRH plc’s property or used to retire any indebtedness for money that such Issuer or CRH

plc borrowed, incurred or assumed. (Section 1009)

Restrictions on Mergers and Similar Events

Each Issuer and CRH plc are generally permitted to consolidate or merge, including under a scheme of

arrangement, with another entity.

Each Issuer and CRH plc are also permitted to sell or lease substantially all of their assets to another firm

or to buy or lease substantially all of the assets of another firm. However, neither CRH plc nor any Issuer

may take any of these actions unless all the following conditions are met:

1.Where CRH plc merges out of existence or sells or leases substantially all its assets, the other

firm must be duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. If

such other entity is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States, any

State thereof, or the District of Columbia, or the Republic of Ireland, it must indemnify holders

against any tax, assessment or governmental charge or other cost or expense resulting from the

transaction.

2.Where an Issuer merges out of existence or sell or lease substantially all of its assets, the other

firm must be duly organized and validly existing under the laws of a U.S. State, or the District of

Columbia or under U.S. federal law or (in the case of SMW Finance only) under the laws of the

Republic of Ireland.

3.If an Issuer or CRH plc merges out of existence or sells or leases substantially all of its assets, the

surviving entity must execute a supplement to the relevant Indenture, known as a supplemental

indenture. In the supplemental indenture, the entity must promise to be bound by every obligation

in the Indenture applicable to the relevant Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, including CRH

plc’s and (if applicable) an Issuer’s obligation to pay additional amounts.

4.Neither the relevant Issuer nor CRH plc may be in default on the debt securities or guarantees

immediately prior to such action and such action must not cause a default. For purposes of this

no-default test, a default would include an event of default that has occurred and not been cured.

A default for this purpose would also include any event that would be an event of default if the

requirements for notice of default or existence of defaults for a specified period of time were

disregarded.

5.The relevant Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, must deliver certain certificates and other

documents to the Trustee with respect to the compliance of the consolidation or merger with the

Indenture.

6.Neither the relevant Issuer nor CRH plc’s assets or properties may become subject to any

impermissible lien unless the debt securities issued under the relevant Indenture are secured

equally and ratably with the indebtedness secured by the impermissible lien. (Section 801)

Payment of Additional Amounts

All payments by an Issuer of the principal or interest on a series of Notes and all payments by CRH plc

under the guarantees will be made free and clear of any withholding for taxes or any other governmental

charge, unless such withholding is required by the laws of any jurisdiction where CRH plc is incorporated

or (in respect of the SMW Notes only) any jurisdiction where SMW Finance is incorporated or, in each

case, tax resident. In the event that CRH plc or SMW Finance is required to withhold such taxes or

governmental charges, CRH plc or SMW Finance, as applicable, will be required, subject to certain

exceptions, to pay holders of the relevant series of Notes an additional amount so that the net amount they

receive is the amount specified in the Notes to which they are entitled. No additional amounts will be

payable in respect of any withholding for taxes or governmental charges imposed by the United States

government or any political subdivision of the United States government.

CRH plc (or with respect to the SMW Notes, CRH plc or SMW Finance) will not be required to make any

payment of additional amounts under any of the following circumstances:

•The United States government or any political subdivision of the United States government is the

entity that is imposing the tax or governmental charge.

•The tax or charge is imposed only because the holder, or a fiduciary, settlor, beneficiary or

member or shareholder of, or possessor of a power over, the holder, if the holder is an estate,

trust, partnership or corporation, was or is connected to the taxing jurisdiction. These connections

include, but are not limited to, where the holder or related party:

ois or has been a citizen or resident of the jurisdiction;

ois or has been engaged in trade or business in the jurisdiction; or

ohas or had a permanent establishment in the jurisdiction.

•The tax or charge is imposed due to the presentation of the Notes for payment on a date more

than 30 days after the Notes became due or after the payment was provided for.

•There is an estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, personal property or similar tax, assessment or

other governmental charge.

•The tax, assessment or governmental charge is payable in a manner that does not involve

withholdings.

•The tax, assessment or governmental charge is imposed or withheld because the holder or

beneficial owner failed to comply with any of the relevant Issuer’s or CRH plc’s requests for the

following that the statutes, treaties, regulations or administrative practices or the taxing

jurisdiction require as a precondition to exemption from all or part of such withholding:

oto provide information about the nationality, residence or identity of the holder or

beneficial owner; or

oto make a declaration or satisfy any other information requirements.

•With respect to the 2033 Notes, the withholding or deduction is imposed pursuant to the EU

Directive on Taxation of Savings (2003/48/EC), or any law implementing such Directive.

•With respect to the SMW Notes, the withholding or deduction is imposed or required pursuant to

Sections 1471 through 1474 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to

time, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered

into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or

practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with

the implementation of such Sections of the Code (or any law implementing such an

intergovernmental agreement).

•The withholding or deduction is imposed on a holder or beneficial owner who could have avoided

such withholding or deduction by presenting the Notes to (i) another paying agent in a member

state of the European Union with respect to the 2033 Notes, or (ii) another paying agent with

respect to any other series of Notes.

•The holder is a fiduciary or partnership or an entity that is not the sole beneficial owner of the

payment of the principal of, or any interest on, the Notes, and the laws of the jurisdiction require

the payment to be included in the income of a beneficiary or settlor for tax purposes with respect

to such fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner who would not have been

entitled to such additional amounts had it been the holder of such security.

With respect to the 2033 Notes and the America Finance Notes, these provisions will also apply to any

taxes, assessments or governmental charges imposed by any jurisdiction in which a successor to CRH plc

is incorporated.

With respect to the SMW Notes, these provisions will also apply to any taxes, assessments or

governmental charges imposed by any jurisdiction in which a successor to SMW Finance or CRH plc is

incorporated. (Section 1004)

Additional amounts may also be payable in the event of certain consolidations, mergers, sales of assets or

assumptions of obligations. Under the Indenture, CRH plc or any subsidiary of CRH plc may assume the

relevant Issuer’s obligations under the Notes. This may be a taxable event to U.S. holders. U.S. holders

may be treated as having exchanged their Notes for other debt securities issued by CRH plc or the

relevant Issuer and may have to recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon such

assumption. (Section 803)

Redemption and Repayment

Notice of Redemption

Notice of any redemption will be mailed (with respect to the 2033 Notes) at least 30 days or (with respect

to all other series of Notes) at least 10 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each

holder of the Notes to be redeemed. (Section 1104) On and after any redemption date, interest will cease

to accrue on the Notes or any portion thereof called for redemption. On or before any redemption date,

CRH plc or the relevant Issuer shall deposit with a paying agent (or the Trustee) money sufficient to pay

the redemption price of and accrued interest on the Notes to be redeemed on such date. (Section 1105)

Notice by DTC to participating institutions and by these participants to street name holders of indirect

interests in the Notes will be made according to arrangements among them and may be subject to

statutory or regulatory requirements.

Optional Make-Whole Redemption

—2029 Notes

Prior to April 21, 2029 (the “2029 Par Call Date”), SMW Finance may redeem all or part of the 2029

Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the

greater of:

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and

interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2029 Notes matured on the 2029

Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-

day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) plus 15 basis

points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of redemption

plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the 2029 Notes to be

redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2029 Par Call Date, SMW Finance may redeem the 2029 Notes, in whole or in part, at any

time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029

Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

—2030 Notes

Prior to December 9, 2029 (the “2030 Par Call Date”), SMW Finance may redeem all or part of the 2030

Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the

greater of:

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2030 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and

interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2030 Notes matured on the 2030

Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day

months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) plus 15 basis

points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of redemption plus, in each case,

accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the 2030 Notes to be redeemed to (but

excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2030 Par Call Date, SMW Finance may redeem the 2030 Notes, in whole or in part, at any

time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2030

Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

—2031 Notes

Prior to January 9, 2031 (the “2031 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or part of the

2031 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to

the greater of:

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2031 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and

interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2031 Notes matured on the 2031

Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day

months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) plus 15 basis

points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of redemption plus, in each case,

accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the 2031 Notes to be redeemed to (but

excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2031 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2031 Notes, in whole or in

part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of

the 2031 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

—2033 Notes

CRH plc or CRH America may redeem the 2033 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from

time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2033 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) the sum of the present values of the Remaining Scheduled Payments (as defined in the CRH

America Indenture) discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-

day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the CRH

America Indenture) plus 25 basis points, together with, in each case, accrued interest on the

principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed to the date of redemption.

—2034 Notes

Prior to February 21, 2034 (the “2034 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or part of

the 2034 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal

to the greater of

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be redeemed and

(2)(a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest

thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2034 Notes matured on the 2034 Par

Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months)

at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) plus 15 basis points less

(b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of redemption

plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be

redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2034 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2034 Notes, in whole or in

part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of

the 2034 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

—2035 Notes

Prior to October 9, 2034 (the “2035 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or

part of the 2035 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a

redemption price equal to the greater of: 

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2035 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal

and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2035 Notes matured

on the 2035 Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of

twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus

supplement) plus 15 basis points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of

redemption plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the

2035 Notes to be redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2035 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2035 Notes, in whole

or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal

amount of the 2035 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the

redemption date.

—2036 Notes

Prior to November 9, 2035 (the “2036 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or

part of the 2036 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a

redemption price equal to the greater of:

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2036 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal

and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2036 Notes matured

on the 2036 Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of

twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus

supplement) plus 15 basis points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of

redemption plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the

2036 Notes to be redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2036 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2036 Notes, in whole

or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal

amount of the 2036 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the

redemption date.

—2055 Notes

Prior to July 9, 2054 (the “2055 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or part

of the 2055 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption

price equal to the greater of: 

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2055 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal

and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2055 Notes matured

on the 2055 Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of

twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus

supplement) plus 20 basis points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of

redemption plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the

2055 Notes to be redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2055 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2055 Notes, in whole

or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal

amount of the 2055 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the

redemption date.

—2056 Notes

Prior to August 9, 2055 (the “2056 Par Call Date”), CRH America Finance may redeem all or

part of the 2056 Notes at its option in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a

redemption price equal to the greater of:

(1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2056 Notes to be redeemed and

(2) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal

and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the 2056 Notes matured

on the 2056 Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of

twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the relevant prospectus

supplement) plus 15 basis points less (b) interest accrued to (but excluding) the date of

redemption plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of the

2056 Notes to be redeemed to (but excluding) the date of redemption.

On or after the 2056 Par Call Date, CRH America Finance may redeem the 2056 Notes, in whole

or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal

amount of the 2056 Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the

redemption date.

Partial Redemption

If less than all of the Notes are to be redeemed, the Notes to be redeemed shall be selected by the Trustee

by (with respect to the 2033 Notes) such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and (with

respect to all other series of Notes) in the case where the Notes are held in certificated form, by lot, and in

the case where the Notes are held in global form, in accordance with the applicable procedures of the

applicable Depositary.

Optional Tax Redemption

The Notes may be redeemed in whole but not in part at the option of CRH plc or the relevant Issuer in the

three situations described below.

The redemption price for the Notes in such circumstances will be equal to the principal amount thereof

plus accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption.

The first situation is where, as a result of a change in, execution of or amendment to any laws or treaties

or the official application or interpretation of any laws or treaties, CRH plc determines that it (or in the

case of the SMW Notes, it or SMW Finance) would be required to pay additional amounts as described

under “Payment of Additional Amounts”. This applies only in the case of changes, executions or

amendments that occur on or after the date of pricing of the Notes in the jurisdiction where CRH plc or

SMW Finance is incorporated. If CRH plc or SMW Finance has been succeeded by another entity, the

applicable jurisdiction will be the jurisdiction in which such successor entity is (i) with respect to the

2033 Notes, organized, or (ii) with respect to all other series of Notes, organized and resident for tax

purposes, and the applicable date will be the date the entity became a successor.

The second situation is where, as a result of a change in, execution of or amendment to any laws or

treaties or the official application or interpretation of any laws or treaties, CRH plc or any of its

subsidiaries determines that it would have to deduct or withhold tax on any payment to the relevant Issuer

to enable it to make a payment of principal or interest on the Notes, including the payment of additional

amounts as described under “Payment of Additional Amounts”. This applies only in the case of changes,

executions or amendments that occur on or after the date of issuance of the Notes in the jurisdiction where

CRH plc is incorporated. If CRH plc has been succeeded by another entity, the applicable jurisdiction will

be the jurisdiction in which such successor entity is organized, and the applicable date will be the date the

entity became a successor. The relevant Issuer or CRH plc would not have the option to redeem in this

case if the relevant Issuer could have avoided the payment of additional amounts or the deduction or

withholding by using reasonable measures available.

In each case above, the relevant Issuer or CRH plc would not have the option to redeem if the relevant

Issuer, CRH plc or the applicable successor entity could have avoided the payment of additional amounts

or the deduction or withholding by using reasonable measures available.

The third situation is where, following a merger, consolidation or sale or lease of CRH plc’s assets to a

person that assumes or, if applicable, guarantees the relevant Issuer’s obligations on the Notes, that person

is required to pay additional amounts as described under “Payment of Additional Amounts”. The relevant

Notes could be redeemed at the option of the other person in this situation even if additional amounts

became payable immediately upon completion of the merger or sale transaction, including in connection

with an internal corporate reorganization. Neither the relevant Issuer nor that person have any obligation

under the relevant Indenture to seek to avoid the obligation to pay additional amounts in this situation.

The relevant Issuer, or that person, as applicable, shall deliver to the Trustee an officer’s certificate to the

effect that the circumstances required for redemption exist. (Section 1108)

Modification of an Indenture

Each Indenture contains provisions permitting the relevant Issuer, CRH plc and the Trustee to modify

such Indenture or the rights of the holders of debt securities issued pursuant thereto, including the relevant

Notes. There are three types of changes that such parties can make to an Indenture and a series of Notes.

Holders should consult with their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or

denied if the relevant Issuer seeks to change the relevant Indenture or the Notes issued thereunder or

request a waiver.

Changes Requiring Approval of the Holders of the Notes. First, there are changes that cannot be made to a

series of Notes without the specific approval of each holder. The following is a list of those types of

changes:

•change the stated maturity of the principal, or any installment of principal, or interest on the

Notes;

•reduce any amounts and the rate of interest of the Notes or any premium due upon its redemption;

•change any obligation of CRH plc to pay additional amounts;

•reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the maturity of the Notes following a

default;

•change the place or currency of payment of the Notes;

•impair the holder’s right to sue for payment or conversion;

•reduce the percentage of holders of the Notes whose consent is needed to modify or amend the

indentures;

•reduce the percentage of holders of the Notes whose consent is needed to waive compliance with

various provisions of an Indenture or to waive various defaults;

•modify any other aspect of the provisions dealing with modification and waiver of an Indenture,

unless to provide that additional provisions of an Indenture cannot be modified or waived without

the holders’ consent; and

•modify or affect in any manner adverse to the holder the obligations of CRH plc that relate to

payment of principal, premium and interest, sinking fund payments and conversion rights.

(Section 902)

Changes Requiring a Majority Vote. The second type of change to an Indenture and a series of Notes is

the kind that requires a vote in favor by holders of the Notes owning a majority of the principal amount of

the Notes. Most changes fall into this category, except for clarifying changes, amendments, supplements

and other changes that would not adversely affect the holders in any material respect. (Sections 901 and

902) The same majority vote would be required for an Issuer to obtain a waiver of all or part of the

covenants herein below or a waiver of a past default. However, an Issuer cannot obtain a waiver of a

payment default or any other aspect of an Indenture or the Notes listed in the first category described

under “-Changes Requiring Approval of the Holders of the Notes” unless such Issuer obtains the holders’

individual consent to the waiver. (Section 513)

Changes Not Requiring Approval. The third type of change does not require any vote by holders of the

Notes. This type is limited to clarifications and other changes that would not adversely affect holders of

the Notes in any material respect. (Section 901)

Events of Default and Remedies

The holders of the Notes will have special rights if an event of default occurs and is not cured, as

described below.

What Is An Event of Default? The term event of default means any of the following:

•Neither the relevant Issuer nor CRH plc pays the principal or any premium on the relevant series

of Notes on the maturity date or, in the case of technical difficulties, within 1 day of its due date.

•Neither the relevant Issuer nor CRH plc pays interest or any additional amounts on the relevant

Notes within 30 days of its due date.

•An Issuer or CRH plc remain in breach of a covenant or any other term of the relevant Indenture

or Notes for 90 days after such Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, receive a notice of default

stating that such Issuer or CRH plc, as the case may be, are in breach. The notice must be sent by

either the Trustee or by the holders of 25% of such series of Notes.

•The relevant Issuer or CRH plc files for bankruptcy or certain other events or a judgment in

bankruptcy or a similar judgment, decree or order for relief is entered.

•Only with respect to the 2033 Notes, (i) CRH America’s or CRH plc’s other borrowings with an

outstanding principal amount of at least US$50,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency)

are accelerated by reason of a default and steps are taken to obtain repayment of these

borrowings; (ii) CRH America or CRH plc fail to make a payment of principal of at least

US$50,000,000 or fail to honor any guarantee or indemnity with respect to borrowings with an

outstanding principal amount of at least US$50,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency)

and steps are taken to enforce either of these obligations; or (iii) any mortgage, pledge or other

charge granted by CRH America or CRH plc in relation to any borrowing with an outstanding

principal amount at least US$50,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency) becomes

enforceable and steps are taken to enforce the mortgage, pledge or other charge, as the case may

be. (Section 501)

Remedies If an Event of Default Occurs. If an event of default, other than a bankruptcy or similar event of

default, has occurred and has not been cured, the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal

amount of the relevant series of Notes may declare, by a notice in writing to the relevant Issuer and CRH

plc (and to the Trustee if given by holders), the entire principal amount and any other amounts, including

accrued interest, to be due and immediately payable to the holders to the extent such amounts are

permitted by law to be paid. This is called a declaration of acceleration of maturity. The outstanding

principal amount of the relevant series Notes (or specified amount) and any interest accrued thereon shall

become immediately due and payable on the date the written declaration is received. In a bankruptcy or

similar event of default, the entire principal amount of the relevant series Notes will automatically

become due and immediately payable without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or

any holder. A declaration of acceleration of maturity may be canceled by the holders of at least a majority

in principal amount of the relevant series of Notes if the relevant Issuer or CRH plc have paid the

outstanding amounts due because of the acceleration of maturity and the relevant Issuer or CRH plc have

satisfied certain other conditions. (Section 502)

Except in cases of default, where the Trustee has some special duties, the Trustee is not required to take

any action under an Indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the Trustee reasonable

protection from expenses and liability. (Section 603) This protection is called an indemnity. If reasonable

indemnity is provided, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may direct

the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy

available to the Trustee. These majority holders may also direct the Trustee in performing any other

action under the Indenture. (Section 512)

Before the holders of the Notes bypass the Trustee and bring their own lawsuit or other formal legal

action or take other steps to enforce their rights or protect their interests relating to the Notes, the

following must occur:

•The holders must give the Trustee written notice that an event of default has occurred and

remains uncured;

•The holders of 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes must make a written request

that the Trustee take action because of the default, and must offer reasonable indemnity to the

Trustee against the cost and other liabilities of taking that action; and

•The Trustee must have not taken action for 60 days after receipt of the foregoing notice and offer

of indemnity and the Trustee has not received an inconsistent direction from the holders of a

majority in principal amount of all outstanding Notes during that period. (Section 507)

However, such limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by the holders of the Notes for the enforcement

of payment of the principal of or interest on the Notes on or after the respective due dates. (Section 508)

Holders should consult their banks or brokers as needed for information on how to give notice or

direction to or make a request of the Trustee and to make or cancel a declaration of acceleration.

Each Indenture requires the relevant Issuer and CRH plc to furnish to the Trustee every year a written

statement of certain of the such Issuer’s and CRH plc’s officers certifying that, to their knowledge, such

Issuer and CRH plc are in compliance with the relevant Indenture and the Notes, or else specifying any

default. (Section 1005)

Regarding the Trustee

As a result of the transfer of J.P. Morgan Chase Bank’s corporate trust business to The Bank of New York

Mellon effective October 1, 2006, The Bank of New York Mellon is currently the trustee under the CRH

America Indenture. The Trustee’s current address is The Bank of New York Mellon, 240 Greenwich

Street, Floor 7E, New York, NY 10286, United States of America. The Trustee is also the current trustee

under the America Finance Indenture and the SMW Indenture. In addition to acting as trustee, The Bank

of New York Mellon also maintains various banking and trust relationships with each Issuer and some of

their affiliates.

CRH plc and some of its affiliates maintain various banking and trust relationships with the Trustee in the

ordinary course of their business. If an event of default occurs, or an event occurs that would be an event

of default if the requirements for giving an Issuer default notice or an Issuer’s default having to exist for a

specific period of time were disregarded, the Trustee may be considered to have a conflicting interest with

respect to the Notes or the Indentures for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. In that case, the

Trustee may be required to resign as trustee under the Indentures and the Issuers or CRH plc would be

required to appoint a successor trustee.