Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Theriva Biologics, Inc.

Rockville, MD

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-27753, 333-38327, 333-54446, 333-156973, 333-166750, 333-180562, 333-188219, 333-189794, 333-203322, 333-203323, 333-206266, 333-206267, 333-207327, 333-224728, 333-226500, 333-255726, 333-260449, 333-267294 and 333-279077), Form S-1 (No. 333-185457, 333-227400, 333-282024) and Form S-8 (No. 033-95262, 333-14867, 333-60820, 333-148764, 333-170858, 333-192355, 333-206268, 333-213388, 333-220401, 333-227668, 333-233959, 333-249712, 333-267910 and 333-283363) of Theriva Biologics, Inc. of our report dated March 6, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

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