All questions as to the validity, form and eligibility of any surrender of certificates will be determined by Broadridge or the issuer and such determination shall be final and binding. Broadridge or the issuer reserves the right to waive any irregularities or defects in the surrender of any certificates. A surrender will not be deemed to have been made until all irregularities have been cured or waived.If your certificates are registered in different names, a separate Letter of Transmittal must be submitted for each registration. Additional Letters of Transmittal can be obtained by accessing or by contacting Broadridge at the number listed on the reverse side.If payment for securities is to be made to any person other than the registered holder(s), or if surrendered certificates are registered in the name of any person other than the person(s) signing the Letter of Transmittal, any stock transfer taxes payable as a result of the transfer to such person (whether imposed on the registered holder(s) or such person) shall be paid prior to the submission of this Letter of Transmittal. Broadridge reserves the right to deduct the amount of such taxes from the payment, if satisfactory evidence of the payment of such taxes, or exemption therefrom, is not submitted.If the Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered owner (e.g., where the shares have been assigned), the Letter of Transmittal must be accompanied
by a stock power guaranteed by a bank, broker or other financial institution that is a member of a Securities Transfer Association-approved medallion program such as STAMP, SEMP or MSP.SPECIAL ISSUANCE/PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONSTo be completed ONLY if issuance/payment is to be made in a name other than that shown in the Account Registration section on the reverse side of this form. Please note, an appropriate Form W-9 or Form W-8, as applicable, must also be completed for the person receiving the issuance/payment. You may obtain such forms by contacting the agent at the number listed on the reverse side.If you have completed this section, your signature on the face of this Letter of Transmittal must be guaranteed by a bank, broker or other financial institution that is a member of a Securities Transfer Association-approved medallion program such as STAMP, SEMP or MSP.NAME:ADDRESS:SOCIAL SECURITY OR TAXPAYER ID NUMBER OF RECIPIENT:6ISSUE TO:SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONSTo be completed ONLY if delivery is to be made to someone other than the registered holder(s), or to such registered holder(s) at an address other than that shown on the reverse side.ADDRESS:7NAME:MAIL TO:PLEASE CHECK THIS BOX IF THIS IS APERMANENT CHANGE OF ADDRESS!Under penalties of perjury, I certify that: (1) The number shown on this form is my correct Taxpayer Identification Number; (2) I am not subject to backup withholding either because I am exempt from backup withholding, I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report all interest or dividends, or the IRS has notified me that I am not subject to backup withholding; and (3) I am a U.S. Person (or a U.S. resident alien).Certification Instructions - You must cross out Item (2) above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding because of underreporting interest or dividends on your tax return. However, if after being notified by the IRS that you were subject to backup withholding you received another notification from the IRS stating that you are no longer subject to backup withholding, do not cross out item (2).SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9REQUEST FOR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER AND CERTIFICATION4THIS SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 MUST BE FILLED OUT AND SIGNEDPRINT YOUR TAXPAYER ID OR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER HERENOTE: Certain stockholders (including, among others, all corporations and certain foreign individuals) are not subject to these backup withholding and reporting requirements. In order to satisfy the Exchange/Paying Agent that a foreign individual qualifies as an exempt recipient, such stockholder(s) must submit a statement, signed under penalties of perjury, attesting to that individual's exempt status, on the appropriate and properly completed Form W-8, or successor form. Such statements can be obtained from the Exchange/Paying Agent.IF YOU ARE AWAITING A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "APPLIED FOR" IN THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 ABOVE, AND COMPLETE AND SIGN BOTH THISCERTIFICATION AND THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9.I certify under penalties of perjury that a taxpayer identification number has not been issued to me, and either (a) I have mailed or delivered an application to receive a taxpayer identification number to the appropriate Internal Revenue Service Center or Social Security Administration Office or (b) I intend to mail or deliver an application in the near future. I understand that if I do not provide a taxpayer identification number by the time of payment, a percentage (currently 28 percent) of all reportable cash payments made to me will be withheld until I provide a number and such retained amounts will be remitted to the Internal Revenue Service as backup withholding.Signature:Date:Signature:Date:5THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTALMUST BE SIGNED BY ALLREGISTERED OWNERSEach registered owner must sign here exactly as the name(s) appear(s) in the account registration. If all registered owners have signed this Letter of Transmittal, no endorsementsof certificates or separate stock powers are required.If signature is by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, it must be so indicated and proper evidence of authority, satisfactory to Broadridge, must be submitted.THE UNDERSIGNED REPRESENTS THAT I (WE) HAVE FULL AUTHORITY TO SURRENDER WITHOUT RESTRICTION THE CERTIFICATE(S) ENCLOSED HEREIN.Signature:Signature:Date:Telephone No. (Required):E-mail Address:You must submit your original certificates with this Letter of Transmittal. If you are not in possession of your certificates, please see Instruction #1 of the accompanying instructions for completing the Letter of Transmittal. You do not need to sign the back of the certificates. Shares held in Book-Entry and Plan form are un-certificated and need not be submitted (although this Letter of Transmittal must still be completed).Place Medallion Stamp HereV53232-TBD