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For Immediate News Release

October 29, 2025

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.

PROVIDES Q3 2025 RESULTS

AND UPDATES FULL YEAR 2025 OUTLOOK

(Arlington, VA) AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (NYSE: AVB) (the “Company”) reported Earnings per Share – diluted (“EPS”), Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders - diluted (“FFO”) per share and Core FFO per share (as defined in this release) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 as detailed below.



	Q3 2025		Q3 2024		% Change
EPS	$	2.68	$	2.61	2.7	%
FFO per share (1)	$	3.01	$	2.88	4.5	%
Core FFO per share (1)	$	2.75	$	2.74	0.4	%

	YTD 2025		YTD 2024		% Change
EPS	$	6.22	$	5.62	10.7	%
FFO per share (1)	$	8.60	$	8.36	2.9	%
Core FFO per share (1)	$	8.40	$	8.21	2.3	%

(1) For additional detail on reconciling items between net income attributable to common stockholders, FFO and Core FFO, see Attachment 12, table 3.

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the three months ended September 30, 2025 to its results for the prior year period:



Q3 2025 Results Compared to Q3 2024
	Per Share
	EPS		FFO		Core FFO
Q3 2024 per share reported results	$	2.61	$	2.88	$	2.74
Same Store Residential NOI (1)	0.04		0.04		0.04
Other Residential NOI	0.05		0.05		0.05
Overhead and other	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.01)
Capital markets activity	(0.07)		(0.08)		(0.07)

Non-core items (2)	0.13		0.13		—
Real estate gains, net, depreciation expense and other	(0.07)		—		—
Q3 2025 per share reported results	$	2.68	$	3.01	$	2.75

(1) Consists of increases of $0.11 in revenue and $0.07 in operating expenses.
(2) For detail of non-core items, see Attachment 12, table 3.

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the three months ended September 30, 2025 to its July 2025 outlook:



Q3 2025 Results Compared to July 2025 Outlook
	Per Share
	EPS		FFO		Core FFO
Projected per share (1)	$	2.46	$	2.77	$	2.80
Same Store Residential NOI (2)	(0.03)		(0.03)		(0.03)

Overhead	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.01)
Capital markets activity	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.01)
Non-core items (3)	0.29		0.29		—
Real estate gains, net, depreciation expense and other	(0.02)		—		—
Q3 2025 per share reported results	$	2.68	$	3.01	$	2.75
(1) The mid-point of the Company's July 2025 outlook.
(2) Consists of unfavorable revenue of $0.01 and operating expenses of $0.02.
(3) For detail of non-core items, see Attachment 12, table 3.

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to its results for the prior year period:



YTD 2025 Results Compared to YTD 2024
	Per Share
	EPS		FFO		Core FFO
YTD 2024 per share reported results	$	5.62	$	8.36	$	8.21
Same Store Residential NOI (1)	0.20		0.20		0.20
Other Residential and Commercial NOI	0.21		0.21		0.21
Overhead and other	(0.02)		(0.02)		(0.02)
Capital markets activity	(0.19)		(0.20)		(0.20)
Non-core items (2)	0.05		0.05		—
Real estate gains, net, depreciation expense and other	0.35		—		—
YTD 2025 per share reported results	$	6.22	$	8.60	$	8.40

(1) Consists of increases of $0.38 in revenue and $0.18 in operating expenses.
(2) For detail of non-core items, see Attachment 12, table 3.

Same Store Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Prior Year Period

Same Store Residential revenue increased $15,100,000, or 2.3%, to $685,357,000. Same Store Residential operating expenses increased $9,911,000, or 4.6%, to $224,309,000 and Same Store Residential NOI increased $5,189,000, or 1.1%, to $461,048,000.

Same Store Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Prior Year Period

Same Store Residential revenue increased $54,483,000, or 2.7%, to $2,043,888,000. Same Store Residential operating expenses increased $25,445,000, or 4.1%, to $643,686,000 and Same Store Residential NOI increased $29,038,000, or 2.1%, to $1,400,202,000.

Development Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company completed the development of Avalon Annapolis, located in Annapolis, MD. Avalon Annapolis contains 508 apartment homes and was constructed for a Total Capital Cost of $195,000,000.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company started the construction of two apartment communities:

•Avalon Southpoint, located in Durham, NC; and

•Avalon Mission Valley, located in San Diego, CA.

These communities are expected to contain an aggregate of 1,015 apartment homes and 31,000 square feet of commercial space for an estimated Total Capital Cost of $434,000,000. Avalon Southpoint is being developed through the Company's Developer Funding Program.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company:

•completed the development of two wholly-owned communities containing an aggregate of 708 apartment homes for a Total Capital Cost of $274,000,000; and

•started the construction of six apartment communities and expanded the development of Avalon Pleasanton. These communities are expected to contain an aggregate of 2,510 apartment homes and 41,000 square feet of commercial space. Estimated Total Capital Cost for these communities is $1,044,000,000.

At September 30, 2025, the Company had 21 wholly-owned Development communities under construction that are expected to contain 7,806 apartment homes and 100,000 square feet of commercial space. Estimated Total Capital Cost for these communities is $3,012,000,000.

Disposition Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company sold six wholly-owned communities:

•Avalon at Gallery Place, located in Washington, D.C.;

•Avalon First and M, located in Washington, D.C.;

•AVA NoMa, located in Washington, D.C.;

•AVA H Street, located in Washington, D.C.;

•Archstone Redmond Lakeview, located in Redmond, WA; and

•Avalon Brooklyn Bay, located in Brooklyn, NY.

In aggregate, these communities contain 1,594 apartment homes and 20,000 square feet of commercial space. These communities were sold for $585,080,000, resulting in a net gain in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") of $180,537,000 and an Economic Loss of $4,825,000.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company sold nine wholly-owned communities containing an aggregate of 2,102 apartment homes and 38,000 square feet of commercial space. These communities were sold for $811,680,000, resulting in a net gain in accordance with GAAP of $336,081,000 and an Economic Gain of $104,421,000.

Acquisition Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company acquired three wholly-owned communities:

•Avalon at Palisades, located in Charlotte, NC, containing 274 apartment homes for a purchase price of $72,300,000;

•Avalon Coconut Creek, located in Coconut Creek, FL, containing 270 apartment homes for a purchase price of $99,000,000; and

•eaves Redmond Campus II, located in Redmond, WA, containing 40 apartment homes for a purchase price of $15,650,000.

Additionally, the Company acquired its joint venture partner's 50% interest in Avalon Alderwood Place for $71,250,000. With the buyout of the joint venture partner's interest, Avalon Alderwood Place is now a wholly-owned apartment community and consolidated for financial reporting purposes. Avalon Alderwood Place contains 328 apartment homes and is located in Lynnwood, WA.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, excluding the Avalon Alderwood Place joint venture buyout, the Company acquired eleven communities containing 3,285 apartment homes for a total purchase price of $805,450,000. This amount includes the agreed-upon value of the DownREIT units issued for the Dallas-Fort Worth portfolio of six communities acquired in April 2025.

Structured Investment Program ("SIP") Activity

As previously disclosed, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into one new SIP commitment, agreeing to provide an investment of up to $28,000,000 in a multifamily development project in Southeast Florida. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into two new SIP commitments, agreeing to provide an aggregate investment of up to $48,000,000 in multifamily development projects. For additional information on the Company's SIP portfolio, see Attachment 10.

Liquidity and Capital Markets

At September 30, 2025, the Company had $123,313,000 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company had the following debt activity:

•As previously disclosed, the Company issued $400,000,000 principal amount of unsecured notes in a public offering under its existing shelf registration statement for net proceeds before offering costs of $394,888,000. The notes mature in August 2035 and were issued with a 5.00% coupon. The effective interest rate of the notes is 5.05%, considering the net proceeds and including

the impact of offering costs and hedging activity; and

•The Company exercised the full accordion option under its term loan, which was entered into during the three months ended June 30, 2025, to increase the principal amount by $100,000,000 to $550,000,000. The term loan is indexed to SOFR plus a spread, currently SOFR + 0.78% per annum. The Company hedged the term loan interest rate variability with interest rate swaps, resulting in an effective fixed rate of 4.44% after deferred fees and issuance costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, in addition to the activity discussed above, the Company had the following debt activity:

•The Company repaid $525,000,000 principal amount of its 3.45% coupon unsecured notes at par upon maturity; and

•The Company amended and restated its Credit Facility to (i) increase its borrowing capacity to $2,500,000,000 from $2,250,000,000, and (ii) extend the maturity date to April 2030 from September 2026. In addition, the Company increased the capacity of its unsecured commercial paper program to $1,000,000,000 from $500,000,000.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company did not have any borrowings outstanding under its Credit Facility, and had outstanding borrowings of $234,981,000 under its unsecured commercial paper program.

The Company’s annualized Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre (as defined in this release) for the third quarter of 2025 was 4.5 times and Unencumbered NOI (as defined in this release) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 95%.

As previously disclosed, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into forward contracts to sell 3,680,000 shares of common stock at a discount to the closing price of $226.52 per share for approximate net proceeds of $808,606,000. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company extended the settlement of these forward contracts to a date no later than December 31, 2026.

In addition, during 2024 the Company entered into forward contracts under its continuous equity program to sell 367,113 shares of common stock at a gross weighted average price of $223.27 per share for approximate net proceeds of $80,687,000. These forwards are expected to settle no later than December 31, 2025.

Stock Repurchases and New Stock Repurchase Program

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 786,797 shares of common stock at an average price of $192.99 per share, including fees, for a total of $151,846,000 under its then-existing $500,000,000 stock repurchase program (the "2020 Stock Repurchase Program").

Following the completion of these purchases, the Company terminated the 2020 Stock Repurchase Program and adopted a new stock repurchase program under which the Company may acquire shares of its common stock in open market or negotiated transactions up to an aggregate purchase price of $500,000,000 (the "2025 Stock Repurchase Program"). Purchases of common stock under the 2025 Stock Repurchase Program may occur from time to time in the Company’s discretion. The 2025 Stock Repurchase Program does not have an expiration date and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice.

There have been no repurchases since the end of the third quarter.

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Financial Outlook

For its fourth quarter and full year 2025 financial outlook, the Company expects the following:



Projected EPS, Projected FFO and Projected Core FFO Outlook (1)
	Q4 2025					Full Year 2025
	Low			High		Low			High
Projected EPS	$	1.18	—	$	1.28	$	7.35	—	$	7.55
Projected FFO per share	$	2.76	—	$	2.86	$	11.31	—	$	11.51
Projected Core FFO per share	$	2.80	—	$	2.90	$	11.15	—	$	11.35

(1) See Attachment 12, table 9, for reconciliations of Projected FFO per share and Projected Core FFO per share to Projected EPS.

Full Year 2025 Financial Outlook
						Full Year 2025
						vs. Full Year 2024
						Low			High
Same Store:
Residential revenue change						2.3%		—	2.7%
Residential Opex change						3.6%		—	4.0%
Residential NOI change						1.8%		—	2.2%

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the third quarter 2025 to the mid-point of its fourth quarter 2025 financial outlook:



Q3 2025 Results Compared to Q4 2025 Outlook
	Per Share
	EPS		FFO		Core FFO
Q3 2025 per share reported results	$	2.68	$	3.01	$	2.75

Same Store Residential Opex	0.07		0.07		0.07

NOI from new Development	0.02		0.02		0.02
Capital markets activity	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.01)
Overhead and other	0.02		0.02		0.02
Non-core items (1)	(0.30)		(0.30)		—
Gain on sale of real estate, net and depreciation expense	(1.25)		—		—
Projected per share - Q4 2025 outlook (2)	$	1.23	$	2.81	$	2.85

(1) For detail of non-core items, see Attachment 12, table 3 and table 9.
(2) Represents the mid-point of the Company's outlook.

The following table compares the mid-point of the Company’s October 2025 full year outlook for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share to its July 2025 outlook:



October 2025 Full Year Outlook Compared to July 2025 Full Year Outlook
	Per Share
	EPS		FFO		Core FFO
Projected per share - July 2025 outlook (1)	$	7.95	$	11.26	$	11.39
Same Store Residential revenue	(0.05)		(0.05)		(0.05)
Same Store Residential Opex	(0.04)		(0.04)		(0.04)
Commercial NOI	(0.02)		(0.02)		(0.02)
NOI from new Development	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.01)

Joint Venture and other	(0.02)		(0.02)		(0.02)
Non-core items (2)	0.29		0.29		—
Gain on sale of real estate, net and depreciation expense	(0.65)		—		—
Projected per share - October 2025 outlook (1)	$	7.45	$	11.41	$	11.25

(1) Represents the mid-point of the Company's outlook.
(2) For detail of non-core items, see Attachment 12, table 3 and table 9.

Other Matters

The Company will hold a conference call on October 30, 2025 at 1:00 PM ET to review and answer questions about this release, its third quarter 2025 results, the Attachments (described below) and related matters. To participate on the call, dial 877-407-9716.

To hear a replay of the call, which will be available from October 30, 2025 at 6:00 PM ET to November 30, 2025, dial 844-512-2921 and use replay passcode: 13750085. A webcast of the conference call will also be available at https://investors.avalonbay.com, and an online playback of the webcast will be available for at least seven days following the call.

The Company produces Earnings Release Attachments (the "Attachments") that provide detailed information regarding operating, development, redevelopment, disposition and acquisition activity. These Attachments are considered a part of this earnings release and are available in full with this earnings release via the Company's website at https://investors.avalonbay.com. To receive future press releases via e-mail, please submit a request through https://investors.avalonbay.com/news-events/email-alerts.

In addition to the Attachments, the Company is providing a teleconference presentation that will be available on the Company's website at https://investors.avalonbay.com subsequent to this release and before the market opens on October 30, 2025.

About AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

AvalonBay Communities, Inc., a member of the S&P 500, is an equity REIT that develops, redevelops, acquires and manages apartment communities in leading metropolitan

areas in New England, the New York/New Jersey Metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California, as well as in the Company's expansion regions of Raleigh-Durham and Charlotte, North Carolina, Southeast Florida, Dallas and Austin, Texas, and Denver, Colorado. As of September 30, 2025, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 314 apartment communities containing 97,219 apartment homes in 11 states and the District of Columbia, of which 21 communities were under development. More information may be found on the Company’s website at https://www.avalonbay.com. For additional information, please contact Matthew Grover, Senior Director of Investor Relations, at 703-317-4524.

Forward-Looking Statements

This release, including its Attachments, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company's forward-looking statements generally use the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “project,” “plan,” “may,” “shall,” “will,” “pursue,” “outlook” and other similar expressions that indicate future events and trends and do not report historical matters. These statements, among other things, address the Company’s intent, belief, forecasts, assumptions or expectations with respect to: development, redevelopment, acquisition or disposition of communities; the timing and cost of completion of communities under development or redevelopment; the timing of lease-up, occupancy and stabilization of communities; the pursuit of land for future development; the anticipated operating performance of communities; cost, yield, revenue, NOI and earnings estimates; the impact of landlord-tenant laws and rent regulations, including rent caps; the Company’s expansion into new regions; declaration or payment of dividends; joint venture activities; the Company’s policies regarding investments, indebtedness, acquisitions, dispositions, financings and other matters; the Company’s qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; the real estate markets in regions where the Company operates and in general; the availability of debt and equity financing; interest rates, inflation, tariffs and other economic conditions and their potential impacts; trends affecting the Company’s financial condition or results of operations;

regulatory changes that may affect the Company; and the impact of legal proceedings.

The Company cannot assure the future results or outcome of the matters described in these statements; rather these statements merely reflect the Company’s current expectations of the outcomes of the matters discussed. The Company does not undertake a duty to update these forward-looking statements, and therefore they may not represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions after the date of this release. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully review the discussion under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for further discussion of risks associated with forward-looking statements.

Some of the factors that could cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: the Company may fail to secure development opportunities due to an inability to reach agreements with third parties to obtain land at attractive prices or to obtain desired zoning and other local approvals; the Company may abandon or defer development opportunities for a number of reasons, including changes in local market conditions which make development less desirable, increases in costs of development, increases in the cost of capital or lack of capital availability, resulting in losses; construction costs of a community may exceed original estimates; the Company may not complete construction and lease-up of communities under development or redevelopment on schedule, resulting in increased interest costs and construction costs and a decrease in expected rental revenues; occupancy rates and market rents may be adversely affected by competition and local economic and market conditions which are beyond the Company’s control; the Company’s cash flows from operations and access to cost-effective capital may be insufficient for the development of the Company’s pipeline, which could limit the Company’s pursuit of opportunities; an outbreak of disease or other public health event may affect the multifamily industry and general economy; the Company’s cash flows may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest, and the Company may be unable to

refinance existing indebtedness or the terms of such refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness; the Company may be unsuccessful in its management of joint ventures and the REIT vehicles that are used with certain joint ventures; the Company may experience a casualty loss, natural disaster or severe weather event, including those caused by climate change; new or existing laws and regulations implementing rent control or rent stabilization, or otherwise limiting the Company’s ability to increase rents, charge fees or evict tenants, may impact its revenue or increase costs; the Company’s expectations, estimates and assumptions as of the date of this filing regarding legal proceedings may change; the Company’s assumptions and expectations in its financial outlook may prove to be too optimistic; the Company may choose to pay dividends in its stock instead of cash, which may result in stockholders having to pay taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash received, if any; and investments made under the SIP may not be repaid as expected or the development may not be completed on schedule, which could require the Company to engage in litigation, foreclosure actions, and/or first party project completion to recover its investment, which may not be recovered in full or at all in such event.

Definitions and Reconciliations

Non-GAAP financial measures and other capitalized terms, as used in this earnings release, are defined, reconciled and further explained on Attachment 12, Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms. Attachment 12 is included in the full earnings release available at the Company’s website at https://investors.avalonbay.com.

THIRD QUARTER 2025

Supplemental Operating and Financial Data

Table of Contents


Company Profile
Condensed Consolidated Operating Information..........................................................................................................						Attachment 1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets....................................................................................................................						Attachment 2
Sequential Operating Information.................................................................................................................................						Attachment 3

Market Profile - Same Store
Quarterly Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes............................................................................................						Attachment 4
Sequential Quarterly Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes..........................................................................						Attachment 5
Year to Date Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes.......................................................................................						Attachment 6
Residential Operating Expenses ("Opex")....................................................................................................................						Attachment 7

Development, Unconsolidated Real Estate Investments and Debt Profile
Expensed Community Maintenance Costs and Capitalized Community Expenditures................................................						Attachment 8
Development Communities...........................................................................................................................................						Attachment 9
Unconsolidated Operating Communities and Structured Investment Program.............................................................						Attachment 10
Debt Structure and Select Debt Metrics........................................................................................................................						Attachment 11





Definitions and Reconciliations
Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms...................................................						Attachment 12

The following is a "Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The projections and estimates contained in the following attachments, including but not limited to Attachments 9 and 12, contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those projected in such statements. Risks associated with the Company's business, including development, redevelopment, construction, and lease-up activities which could impact the forward-looking statements are discussed in the paragraph titled "Forward-Looking Statements" in the release that accompanies, and should be read in conjunction with, these attachments. These and other risks are also described in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for subsequent quarters, and could cause actual results to differ materially from such projections and estimates.

Attachment 1

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Operating Information (1)

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Q3		Q3		% Change		YTD		YTD		% Change
	2025		2024				2025		2024
Revenue:
Rental and other income	$	764,926	$	732,591	4.4	%	$	2,267,665	$	2,167,866	4.6	%
Management, development and other fees	1,870		1,716		9.0	%	5,204		5,342		(2.6)	%
Total	766,796		734,307		4.4	%	2,272,869		2,173,208		4.6	%
Operating expenses:
Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes	164,414		151,145		8.8	%	464,794		430,256		8.0	%
Property taxes	89,749		82,419		8.9	%	257,611		243,255		5.9	%
Total community operating expenses	254,163		233,564		8.8	%	722,405		673,511		7.3	%

Property management and other indirect operating expenses	(39,064)		(41,896)		(6.8)	%	(116,652)		(118,297)		(1.4)	%
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries	(1,392)		(1,573)		(11.5)	%	(8,629)		(7,235)		19.3	%
Interest expense, net (2)	(65,410)		(55,769)		17.3	%	(190,075)		(167,613)		13.4	%
Depreciation expense	(230,371)		(212,122)		8.6	%	(679,989)		(631,314)		7.7	%
General and administrative expense (3)	(22,028)		(20,089)		9.7	%	(64,805)		(60,006)		8.0	%
Casualty loss	—		—		N/A		(858)		(2,935)		(70.8)	%
Income from unconsolidated investments (4)	42,487		25,250		68.3	%	40,436		33,845		19.5	%
SIP interest income	6,832		5,470		24.9	%	19,882		12,544		58.5	%
Gain on sale of communities, net	180,155		172,973		4.2	%	336,081		241,459		39.2	%
Other real estate activity	127		314		(59.6)	%	3,919		636		516.2	%
Income before income taxes	383,969		373,301		2.9	%	889,774		800,781		11.1	%

Income tax benefit (expense)	193		(782)		(124.7)	%	840		(698)		(220.3)	%
Net income	384,162		372,519		3.1	%	890,614		800,083		11.3	%

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2,856)		—		N/A		(4,046)		(181)		N/A
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	381,306	$	372,519	2.4	%	$	886,568	$	799,902	10.8	%

Net income attributable to common stockholders per common share - basic	$	2.68	$	2.62	2.3	%	$	6.23	$	5.62	10.9	%
Net income attributable to common stockholders per common share - diluted	$	2.68	$	2.61	2.7	%	$	6.22	$	5.62	10.7	%

FFO	$	431,969	$	410,538	5.2	%	$	1,230,244	$	1,190,055	3.4	%
Per common share - diluted	$	3.01	$	2.88	4.5	%	$	8.60	$	8.36	2.9	%

Core FFO	$	394,193	$	390,681	0.9	%	$	1,201,491	$	1,169,008	2.8	%
Per common share - diluted	$	2.75	$	2.74	0.4	%	$	8.40	$	8.21	2.3	%

Dividends declared - common shares and DownREIT units (5)	$	250,082	$	242,222	3.2	%	$	750,555	$	726,512	3.3	%
Per common share	$	1.75	$	1.70	2.9	%	$	5.25	$	5.10	2.9	%

Weighted average common shares and participating securities outstanding - basic	142,357,617		142,308,530		—	%	142,399,359		142,255,304		0.1	%
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	143,535,401		142,516,684		0.7	%	143,104,755		142,376,434		0.5	%
Total outstanding common shares and DownREIT units	142,654,308		142,236,607		0.3	%	142,654,308		142,236,607		0.3	%


(1)			See Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms, table 3 for detail of non-core items.
(2)			Includes $2,762 and $7,858 of interest income from invested cash for Q3 and YTD 2025, respectively, and $9,896 and $20,686 for Q3 and YTD 2024, respectively.
(3)			Includes $3,252 and $8,828 of non-core legal costs and settlements for Q3 and YTD 2025, respectively, and $781 and $2,289 for Q3 and YTD 2024, respectively.
(4)			Includes $42,350 and $39,885 of net unrealized gains on property technology investments for Q3 and YTD 2025, respectively, and $25,261 and $34,857 for Q3 and YTD 2024, respectively.
(5)			The dividends declared for the DownREIT units are the same as the dividends declared per common share, prorated for the period the DownREIT units were outstanding during the first quarter of issuance.

Attachment 2

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)



	September 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024

Real estate	$	27,457,759	$	26,729,928
Less accumulated depreciation	(8,555,747)		(8,164,411)

Net operating real estate	18,902,012		18,565,517
Construction in progress, including land	1,428,609		1,042,673
Land held for development	126,050		151,922
Real estate assets held for sale, net	69,578		6,950

Total real estate, net	20,526,249		19,767,062

Cash and cash equivalents	123,313		108,576
Restricted cash	198,578		158,500
Unconsolidated investments	206,185		227,320
Other assets	894,907		739,279

Total assets	$	21,949,232	$	21,000,737

Unsecured notes, net	$	7,780,713	$	7,358,784
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper, net	234,981		—
Notes payable, net	709,942		718,465
Resident security deposits	61,237		62,829
Other liabilities	1,000,864		919,567
Total liabilities	9,787,737		9,059,645

Equity	12,161,495		11,941,092

Total liabilities and equity	$	21,949,232	$	21,000,737

Attachment 3

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Sequential Operating Information (1)

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per home data)

(unaudited)


	Total Apartment Homes	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025			Quarter Ended June 30, 2025			Quarter Ended March 31, 2025			Quarter Ended December 31, 2024
Residential Revenue
Same Store	77,324	$	685,357		$	682,677		$	675,854		$	672,737
Other Stabilized (2)	7,209	44,827			39,757			29,086			26,578
Development/Redevelopment (3)	9,815	13,352			8,946			6,465			4,783
Commercial Revenue	N/A	9,521			9,163			11,607			10,181
Total Revenue	94,348	$	753,057		$	740,543		$	723,012		$	714,279

Residential Operating Expense
Same Store		$	224,309		$	210,001		$	209,376		$	208,930
Other Stabilized (2)		16,472			14,483			9,576			9,068
Development/Redevelopment		6,382			4,934			3,740			2,624
Commercial Operating Expense		2,118			1,983			1,715			1,588
Total Operating Expense		$	249,281		$	231,401		$	224,407		$	222,210

Residential NOI
Same Store		$	461,048		$	472,676		$	466,478		$	463,807
Other Stabilized (2)		28,355			25,274			19,510			17,510
Development/Redevelopment		6,970			4,012			2,725			2,159
Commercial NOI		7,403			7,180			9,892			8,593
Total NOI		$	503,776		$	509,142		$	498,605		$	492,069

Same Store Average Revenue per Occupied Home (4)		$	3,087		$	3,059		$	3,033		$	3,031

Same Store Economic Occupancy		95.7		%	96.2		%	96.1		%	95.7		%

Same Store Turnover (5)
Current year period / Prior year period		53.9% / 54.0%			45.6% / 44.3%			31.6% / 34.4%			34.6% / 38.1%
Current year period YTD / Prior year period YTD		43.8% / 44.3%									41.9% / 45.5%



	SAME STORE LIKE-TERM EFFECTIVE RENT CHANGE
	Q2 2025		Q3 2025			October 2025 (7)
New England	3.5	%	2.9	%		0.8	%
Metro NY/NJ	2.3	%	1.6	%		2.0	%
Mid-Atlantic	3.4	%	2.0	%		(0.7)	%
Southeast FL	(0.3)	%	0.5	%		(0.1)	%
Denver, CO	(2.9)	%	(3.2)	%		(9.2)	%
Pacific NW	3.2	%	0.9	%		2.4	%
N. California	3.9	%	4.5	%		2.3	%
S. California	2.0	%	1.3	%		(0.2)	%
Other Expansion Regions	(4.1)	%	(2.6)	%		(2.4)	%
Total	2.5	%	2.0	%	(6)	0.7	%	(6)



(1)			Includes consolidated communities and excludes communities that have been sold or that are classified as held for sale. See Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for the definition of capitalized terms.
(2)			Results for these communities prior to January 1, 2025 may reflect operations prior to stabilization, including lease-up, such that occupancy is not stabilized.
(3)			For per home rent projections and Economic Occupancy for Development communities currently under construction, see Attachment 9 - Development Communities.
(4)			Reflects concessions amortized over the average lease term and includes uncollectible lease revenue.
(5)			Turnover is the annualized number of units turned over during the period, divided by the total number of Same Store apartment homes for the respective period, and excludes any third-party managed communities.
(6)			For the three months ended September 30, 2025, New Move-In Like-Term Effective Rent Change was (0.1)% and Renewal Like-Term Effective Rent Change was 3.5%. New Move-In Like-Term Effective Rent Change was (2.6)% and Renewal Like-Term Effective Rent Change was 3.1% for October 1, 2025 to October 26, 2025.
(7)			Rent change percentage for activity in October 2025 through October 26, 2025.

Attachment 4

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Quarterly Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes - Same Store

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)


	Apartment Homes	Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Home						Economic Occupancy						Residential Revenue ($000s)(1)

		Q3 25		Q3 24		% Change		Q3 25		Q3 24		% Change		Q3 25		Q3 24		% Change



New England	9,535	$	3,480	$	3,400	2.4	%	96.5	%	96.7	%	(0.2)	%	$	96,055	$	94,009	2.2	%

Metro NY/NJ
New York City	3,608	4,419		4,301		2.7	%	95.9	%	96.0	%	(0.1)	%	45,852		44,669		2.6	%
New York - Suburban	3,878	3,859		3,761		2.6	%	95.7	%	94.5	%	1.2	%	42,954		41,365		3.8	%
New Jersey	5,157	3,465		3,437		0.8	%	96.0	%	94.8	%	1.2	%	51,485		50,478		2.0	%
Metro NY/NJ	12,643	3,858		3,784		2.0	%	95.9	%	95.1	%	0.8	%	140,291		136,512		2.8	%

Mid-Atlantic
Washington DC	1,144	2,505		2,494		0.4	%	91.6	%	93.3	%	(1.7)	%	7,870		7,971		(1.3)	%
Northern Virginia	6,821	2,846		2,726		4.4	%	95.5	%	95.2	%	0.3	%	55,617		53,124		4.7	%
Suburban Maryland	2,595	2,375		2,330		1.9	%	94.8	%	94.3	%	0.5	%	17,532		17,115		2.4	%
Baltimore, MD	3,154	2,362		2,322		1.7	%	94.4	%	95.5	%	(1.1)	%	21,087		20,969		0.6	%
Mid-Atlantic	13,714	2,617		2,537		3.2	%	94.8	%	95.0	%	(0.2)	%	102,106		99,179		3.0	%

Southeast FL	2,837	2,896		2,902		(0.2)	%	96.5	%	96.4	%	0.1	%	23,792		23,815		(0.1)	%

Denver, CO	1,539	2,328		2,357		(1.2)	%	94.1	%	94.6	%	(0.5)	%	10,112		10,291		(1.7)	%

Pacific Northwest	4,943	2,903		2,828		2.7	%	96.4	%	96.0	%	0.4	%	41,507		40,265		3.1	%

Northern California
San Jose	4,727	3,162		3,108		1.7	%	96.0	%	96.4	%	(0.4)	%	43,058		42,495		1.3	%
East Bay	4,244	2,822		2,809		0.5	%	95.1	%	94.9	%	0.2	%	34,161		33,940		0.7	%
San Francisco	2,832	3,630		3,480		4.3	%	95.8	%	94.9	%	0.9	%	29,561		28,090		5.2	%
Northern California	11,803	3,152		3,091		2.0	%	95.7	%	95.5	%	0.2	%	106,780		104,525		2.2	%

Southern California
Los Angeles	12,005	2,927		2,851		2.7	%	95.3	%	95.8	%	(0.5)	%	100,472		98,343		2.2	%
Orange County	4,024	3,043		2,981		2.1	%	95.6	%	96.1	%	(0.5)	%	35,114		34,571		1.6	%
San Diego	1,769	3,007		2,986		0.7	%	96.0	%	96.6	%	(0.6)	%	15,318		15,299		0.1	%
Southern California	17,798	2,961		2,895		2.3	%	95.4	%	95.9	%	(0.5)	%	150,904		148,213		1.8	%

Other Expansion Regions	2,512	1,922		1,932		(0.5)	%	95.3	%	92.1	%	3.2	%	13,810		13,448		2.7	%

Total Same Store	77,324	$	3,087	$	3,022	2.2	%	95.7	%	95.6	%	0.1	%	$	685,357	$	670,257	2.3	%

(1) Reflects concessions amortized over the average lease term and includes uncollectible lease revenue. Residential Revenue with Concessions on a Cash Basis for the Company's Same Store portfolio increased by 2.0%. See Attachment 12, table 10.

Attachment 5

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Sequential Quarterly Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes - Same Store

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)


	Apartment Homes	Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Home						Economic Occupancy						Residential Revenue ($000s)(1)

		Q3 25		Q2 25		% Change		Q3 25		Q2 25		% Change		Q3 25		Q2 25		% Change



New England	9,535	$	3,480	$	3,438	1.2	%	96.5	%	96.5	%	0.0	%	$	96,055	$	94,897	1.2	%

Metro NY/NJ
New York City	3,608	4,419		4,424		(0.1)	%	95.9	%	96.4	%	(0.5)	%	45,852		46,144		(0.6)	%
New York - Suburban	3,878	3,859		3,789		1.8	%	95.7	%	96.0	%	(0.3)	%	42,954		42,311		1.5	%
New Jersey	5,157	3,465		3,420		1.3	%	96.0	%	96.5	%	(0.5)	%	51,485		51,066		0.8	%
Metro NY/NJ	12,643	3,858		3,819		1.0	%	95.9	%	96.3	%	(0.4)	%	140,291		139,521		0.6	%

Mid-Atlantic
Washington DC	1,144	2,505		2,543		(1.5)	%	91.6	%	90.3	%	1.3	%	7,870		7,888		(0.2)	%
Northern Virginia	6,821	2,846		2,790		2.0	%	95.5	%	96.8	%	(1.3)	%	55,617		55,243		0.7	%
Suburban Maryland	2,595	2,375		2,331		1.9	%	94.8	%	96.1	%	(1.3)	%	17,532		17,434		0.6	%
Baltimore, MD	3,154	2,362		2,352		0.4	%	94.4	%	94.6	%	(0.2)	%	21,087		21,035		0.2	%
Mid-Atlantic	13,714	2,617		2,580		1.4	%	94.8	%	95.7	%	(0.9)	%	102,106		101,600		0.5	%

Southeast FL	2,837	2,896		2,903		(0.2)	%	96.5	%	96.7	%	(0.2)	%	23,792		23,894		(0.4)	%

Denver, CO	1,539	2,328		2,335		(0.3)	%	94.1	%	94.6	%	(0.5)	%	10,112		10,192		(0.8)	%

Pacific Northwest	4,943	2,903		2,895		0.3	%	96.4	%	96.6	%	(0.2)	%	41,507		41,468		0.1	%

Northern California
San Jose	4,727	3,162		3,142		0.6	%	96.0	%	96.4	%	(0.4)	%	43,058		42,953		0.2	%
East Bay	4,244	2,822		2,796		0.9	%	95.1	%	95.9	%	(0.8)	%	34,161		34,110		0.1	%
San Francisco	2,832	3,630		3,556		2.1	%	95.8	%	96.7	%	(0.9)	%	29,561		29,219		1.2	%
Northern California	11,803	3,152		3,118		1.1	%	95.7	%	96.3	%	(0.6)	%	106,780		106,282		0.5	%

Southern California
Los Angeles	12,005	2,927		2,903		0.8	%	95.3	%	96.0	%	(0.7)	%	100,472		100,348		0.1	%
Orange County	4,024	3,043		3,023		0.7	%	95.6	%	96.6	%	(1.0)	%	35,114		35,231		(0.3)	%
San Diego	1,769	3,007		3,013		(0.2)	%	96.0	%	96.9	%	(0.9)	%	15,318		15,489		(1.1)	%
Southern California	17,798	2,961		2,940		0.7	%	95.4	%	96.2	%	(0.8)	%	150,904		151,068		(0.1)	%

Other Expansion Regions	2,512	1,922		1,909		0.7	%	95.3	%	95.6	%	(0.3)	%	13,810		13,755		0.4	%

Total Same Store	77,324	$	3,087	$	3,059	0.9	%	95.7	%	96.2	%	(0.5)	%	$	685,357	$	682,677	0.4	%

Attachment 6

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Year to Date Residential Revenue and Occupancy Changes - Same Store

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)


	Apartment Homes	Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Home						Economic Occupancy						Residential Revenue ($000s)(1)

		YTD 2025		YTD 2024		% Change		YTD 2025		YTD 2024		% Change		YTD 2025		YTD 2024		% Change

New England	9,535	$	3,438	$	3,348	2.7	%	96.4	%	96.5	%	(0.1)	%	$	284,452	$	277,220	2.6	%

Metro NY/NJ
New York City	3,608	4,413		4,255		3.7	%	96.1	%	96.2	%	(0.1)	%	137,654		132,883		3.6	%
New York - Suburban	3,878	3,806		3,695		3.0	%	95.7	%	95.0	%	0.7	%	127,193		122,641		3.7	%
New Jersey	5,157	3,422		3,386		1.1	%	96.3	%	95.4	%	0.9	%	152,950		150,003		2.0	%
Metro NY/NJ	12,643	3,823		3,732		2.4	%	96.1	%	95.5	%	0.6	%	417,797		405,527		3.0	%

Mid-Atlantic
Washington DC	1,144	2,503		2,440		2.6	%	91.6	%	91.6	%	0.0	%	23,602		23,014		2.6	%
Northern Virginia	6,821	2,791		2,650		5.3	%	96.4	%	96.1	%	0.3	%	165,197		156,426		5.6	%
Suburban Maryland	2,595	2,345		2,303		1.8	%	95.6	%	95.1	%	0.5	%	52,365		51,166		2.3	%
Baltimore, MD	3,154	2,349		2,277		3.2	%	94.4	%	95.6	%	(1.2)	%	62,990		61,782		2.0	%
Mid-Atlantic	13,714	2,581		2,481		4.0	%	95.5	%	95.5	%	0.0	%	304,154		292,388		4.0	%

Southeast FL	2,837	2,903		2,900		0.1	%	96.8	%	97.0	%	(0.2)	%	71,788		71,846		(0.1)	%

Denver, CO	1,539	2,340		2,325		0.6	%	94.5	%	94.7	%	(0.2)	%	30,627		30,493		0.4	%

Pacific Northwest	4,943	2,891		2,782		3.9	%	96.4	%	96.5	%	(0.1)	%	123,998		119,404		3.8	%

Northern California
San Jose	4,727	3,139		3,061		2.5	%	96.3	%	96.5	%	(0.2)	%	128,570		125,642		2.3	%
East Bay	4,244	2,802		2,782		0.7	%	95.6	%	95.1	%	0.5	%	102,323		101,116		1.2	%
San Francisco	2,832	3,572		3,455		3.4	%	96.4	%	95.7	%	0.7	%	87,756		84,261		4.1	%
Northern California	11,803	3,122		3,056		2.2	%	96.1	%	95.8	%	0.3	%	318,649		311,019		2.5	%

Southern California
Los Angeles	12,005	2,902		2,834		2.4	%	95.7	%	96.0	%	(0.3)	%	300,078		293,886		2.1	%
Orange County	4,024	3,021		2,935		2.9	%	96.1	%	96.1	%	0.0	%	105,136		102,150		2.9	%
San Diego	1,769	2,998		2,946		1.8	%	96.6	%	96.5	%	0.1	%	46,093		45,225		1.9	%
Southern California	17,798	2,939		2,867		2.5	%	95.9	%	96.1	%	(0.2)	%	451,307		441,261		2.3	%

Other Expansion Regions	2,512	1,906		1,916		(0.5)	%	95.4	%	92.7	%	2.7	%	41,116		40,247		2.2	%

Total Same Store	77,324	$	3,060	$	2,982	2.6	%	96.0	%	95.9	%	0.1	%	$	2,043,888	$	1,989,405	2.7	%

Attachment 7

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Residential Operating Expenses ("Opex") - Same Store (1) September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Q3 2025		Q3 2024		% Change		Q3 2025 % of Total Opex		YTD 2025		YTD 2024		% Change		YTD 2025 % of Total Opex

Property taxes (2)	$	79,351	$	76,639	3.5	%	35.4	%	$	230,904	$	225,632	2.3	%	35.9	%
Payroll (3)	39,981		38,056		5.1	%	17.9	%	118,143		113,908		3.7	%	18.4	%
Repairs & maintenance (4)	44,889		41,995		6.9	%	20.0	%	120,485		111,856		7.7	%	18.7	%
Utilities (5)	29,636		27,760		6.8	%	13.2	%	83,966		79,197		6.0	%	13.0	%
Office operations	15,320		15,395		(0.5)	%	6.8	%	46,777		46,604		0.4	%	7.3	%
Insurance (6)	10,401		10,014		3.9	%	4.6	%	30,285		29,449		2.8	%	4.7	%
Marketing (7)	4,731		4,539		4.2	%	2.1	%	13,126		11,595		13.2	%	2.0	%
Total Same Store Residential Operating Expenses	$	224,309	$	214,398	4.6	%	100.0	%	$	643,686	$	618,241	4.1	%	100.0	%


(1)			Same Store operating expenses exclude indirect costs for corporate-level property management and other support-related services.

(2)			Property taxes increased for Q3 and YTD 2025 over the prior year periods due to (i) increased assessments across the portfolio and (ii) the expiration of property tax incentive programs primarily at certain of our properties in New York City. The expiration of property tax incentive programs represents $1,292 or 48% of the 3.5% increase in property taxes for Q3 2025 and $2,813 or 53% of the 2.3% increase in property taxes for YTD 2025. These increases were partially offset by decreased tax rates and/or successful appeals at certain of our properties.

(3)			Payroll costs increased for Q3 and YTD 2025 over the prior year periods primarily due to increased employee benefit costs, growth in average salaries and bonus achievement, partially offset by a reduction in on-site associates.

(4)			Repairs and maintenance increased for Q3 and YTD 2025 over the prior year periods due to increased third-party maintenance labor costs and the continued deployment of smart home technology.

(5)			Utilities increased for Q3 and YTD 2025 over the prior year periods primarily due to the continued implementation of the Company’s bulk internet offering, the costs for which are more than offset by bulk internet revenue. The bulk internet offering represents $985, or 53%, and $4,640, or 97%, of the increase in utilities for Q3 2025 and YTD 2025, respectively. The increases for Q3 and YTD 2025 are also due to increases in gas due to higher rates.

(6)			Insurance is composed of premiums, expected claims activity and associated reductions from receipt of claims recoveries. The increase for Q3 2025 and YTD 2025 from the prior year period is primarily due to increased insurance claims activity, partially offset by decreased insurance premiums. Insurance costs can be variable due to the amounts and timing of estimated and actual claim activity and the related recoveries received.

(7)			Marketing increased for Q3 and YTD 2025 over the prior year periods primarily due to increased internet advertising and resident retention costs.

Attachment 8

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Expensed Community Maintenance Costs and Capitalized Community Expenditures

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per home data)

(unaudited)



		YTD 2025 Maintenance Expensed Per Home						Categorization of YTD 2025 Additional Capitalized Value (1)
Current Communities	Apartment Homes (2)	Carpet Replacement		Other Maintenance (3)		Total		Acquisitions, Construction, Redevelopment & Dispositions (4)			NOI Enhancing (5)		Asset Preservation		Full Year 2025 Additional Capitalized Value		NOI Enhancing Per Home		Asset Preservation Per Home

Same Store	77,324	$	87	$	2,298	$	2,385	$	13,284	(6)	$	67,523	$	113,848	$	194,655	$	873	$	1,472
Other Stabilized	7,209	26		1,450		1,476		928,867		(7)	6		2,116		930,989		1		$	294
Development/Redevelopment (8)	9,815	1		319		320		751,175			—		—		751,175		—		—
Dispositions	—	—		—		—		(683,029)			—		—		(683,029)		—		—
Total	94,348	$	73	$	2,027	$	2,100	$	1,010,297		$	67,529	$	115,964	$	1,193,790	N/A		N/A


(1)						Expenditures are capitalized for the acquisition or development of assets or for expenditures that extend the life of existing assets and benefit the Company for periods greater than a year.
(2)						Includes consolidated communities and excludes communities that have been sold or that are classified as held for sale.
(3)						Other maintenance includes maintenance and landscaping costs, as well as maintenance related payroll expense.
(4)						Includes the write-off of impaired assets and additional capitalized expenditures related to recognized casualty losses, if applicable.
(5)						This Attachment excludes capitalized expenditures for the commercial component of communities, which the Company classifies as NOI Enhancing. Same Store and Other Stabilized exclude $1,278 and $1,685, respectively, related to commercial space.
(6)						Consists primarily of expenditures for communities under redevelopment that have remained in Same Store with stabilized occupancy.
(7)						Represents acquired communities coupled with commitment close-outs and construction true-ups on recently constructed communities.
(8)						Includes communities under construction/reconstruction during the period, including communities where construction/reconstruction is complete.



Other Capitalized Costs
	Interest		Overhead
Q3 2025	$	13,724	$	12,878
Q2 2025	$	11,904	$	14,172
Q1 2025	$	10,479	$	12,363
Q4 2024	$	10,039	$	11,307

Attachment 9

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Development Communities as of September 30, 2025

(unaudited)



Community Information			Number	Total			Actual/Projected Schedule				Avg		%		%		%			%
			of	Capital						Full Qtr	Monthly		Complete		Leased		Occupied			Economic
			Apt	Cost				Initial		Stabilized	Revenue									Occ.
Development Name		Location	Homes	(millions)			Start	Occupancy	Complete	Ops	Per Home		As of October 19, 2025							Q3 '25

	Communities Under Construction:
1.	Avalon West Windsor (1)	West Windsor, NJ	535	$	210		Q2 2022	Q3 2025	Q2 2026	Q4 2026	$	3,040	30	%	10	%		5	%	2	%
2.	Avalon Lake Norman (2)	Mooresville, NC	345	101			Q1 2023	Q2 2025	Q2 2026	Q3 2026	1,805		52	%	22	%		17	%	8	%
3.	Avalon Hunt Valley West	Hunt Valley, MD	322	106			Q2 2023	Q1 2025	Q4 2025	Q3 2026	2,550		81	%	60	%		52	%	39	%
4.	Avalon South Miami (1)	South Miami, FL	290	186			Q3 2023	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Q4 2026	4,655		62	%	23	%		20	%	9	%
5.	Avalon Wayne	Wayne, NJ	473	171			Q4 2023	Q2 2025	Q3 2026	Q1 2027	3,210		12	%	13	%		10	%	10	%
6.	Avalon Parsippany	Parsippany, NJ	410	147			Q4 2023	Q3 2025	Q2 2026	Q4 2026	3,055		22	%	18	%		13	%	3	%
7.	Avalon Pleasanton (3)	Pleasanton, CA	362	218			Q2 2024	Q3 2025	Q3 2027	Q1 2028	3,800		23	%	18	%		12	%	19	%
8.	Avalon Roseland II	Roseland, NJ	533	196			Q2 2024	Q4 2025	Q4 2026	Q2 2027	3,135		2	%	4	%		1	%	—
9.	Avalon Quincy Adams	Quincy, MA	288	124			Q2 2024	Q1 2026	Q3 2026	Q2 2027	3,250		—		—			—		—
10.	Avalon Tech Ridge I	Austin, TX	444	120			Q3 2024	Q1 2026	Q1 2027	Q3 2027	2,145		—		—			—		—
11.	Avalon Carmel (2)	Charlotte, NC	360	123			Q3 2024	Q2 2026	Q3 2026	Q3 2027	2,405		—		—			—		—
12.	Avalon Plano (2)	Plano, TX	155	58			Q3 2024	Q2 2026	Q2 2027	Q4 2027	2,950		—		—			—		—
13.	Avalon Oakridge I	Durham, NC	459	149			Q3 2024	Q1 2027	Q1 2028	Q3 2028	2,325		—		—			—		—
14.	AVA Brewer's Hill	Baltimore, MD	418	134			Q4 2024	Q4 2026	Q3 2027	Q1 2028	2,650		—		—			—		—
15.	Kanso Hillcrest	San Diego, CA	182	85			Q4 2024	Q1 2027	Q2 2027	Q4 2027	3,245		—		—			—		—
16.	Avalon Parker	Parker, CO	312	122			Q1 2025	Q3 2026	Q2 2027	Q1 2028	2,670		—		—			—		—
17.	Avalon North Palm Beach (1)	Lake Park, FL	279	118			Q1 2025	Q1 2027	Q3 2027	Q1 2028	3,290		—		—			—		—
18.	Avalon Brier Creek	Durham, NC	400	127			Q2 2025	Q3 2026	Q3 2027	Q1 2028	2,365		—		—			—		—
19.	Avalon Kendall (2)	Kendall, FL	224	83			Q2 2025	Q1 2027	Q2 2027	Q1 2028	2,935		—		—			—		—
20	Avalon Mission Valley (1)	San Diego, CA	621	302			Q3 2025	Q4 2027	Q1 2029	Q3 2029	3,690		—		—			—		—
21	Avalon Southpoint (2)	Durham, NC	394	132			Q3 2025	Q4 2026	Q2 2028	Q3 2028	2,595		—		—			—		—
	Total / Weighted Average Under Construction		7,806	$	3,012						$	2,930

	Communities Completed this Quarter:
1	Avalon Annapolis	Annapolis, MD	508	195			Q3 2022	Q3 2024	Q3 2025	Q2 2026	$	2,775	100	%	64	%		63	%	56	%
	Communities Completed Subtotal/Weighted Average		508	$	195						$	2,775

	Total/Weighted Average Under Construction and Completed this quarter		8,314	$	3,207						$	2,920

	Total Weighted Average Projected NOI as a % of Total Capital Cost			6.2		%

Asset Cost Basis (millions) (4):
	Total Capital Cost, under construction and completed			$	3,659
	Total Capital Cost, disbursed to date			(2,129)
	Total Capital Cost, remaining to invest			$	1,530


(1)			Developments containing at least 10,000 square feet of commercial space include Avalon West Windsor (19,000 sf), Avalon South Miami (32,000 sf), Avalon North Palm Beach (10,000 sf), and Avalon Mission Valley (31,000 sf).

(2)			Communities being developed through the Developer Funding Program, which utilizes third-party multifamily developers to source and construct communities that the Company owns and operates.

(3)			During Q2 2025, the Company expanded the Avalon Pleasanton development in Pleasanton, CA, adding an additional 280 apartment homes. The initial 82 apartment homes are currently in lease-up.

(4)			Includes the communities presented and four additional communities with 1,152 apartment homes representing $452 million in Total Capital Costs which have completed construction but not yet achieved Stabilized Operations for the full quarter. Q3 2025 NOI for these 26 communities was $5 million.

Attachment 10

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Unconsolidated Operating Communities and Structured Investment Program

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)



Unconsolidated Operating Communities
					NOI (1)(2)				Debt
		AVB		Apartment	Q3		YTD		Principal		Interest
Venture	Communities	Ownership		Homes	2025		2025		Amount (1)		Rate (3)

NYTA MF Investors, LLC	5	20.0	%	1,301	$	10,063	$	29,985	$	394,734	3.88	%
Avalon at Mission Bay II (4)	1	25.0	%	313	2,350		6,808		—		—	%
Brandywine	1	28.6	%	305	1,059		3,170		17,833		3.40	%
AVA Arts District (5)	1	25.0	%	475	2,122		6,735		161,567		6.94	%
Total Unconsolidated Operating Communities (6)	8			2,394	$	15,594	$	46,698	$	574,134	4.73	%

(1)NOI and debt principal amount are presented at 100% ownership.

(2)NOI excludes property management fees as the Company serves as the property management company for all ventures except for Brandywine.

(3)Represents the weighted average interest rate as of September 30, 2025.

(4)In July 2025, Avalon at Mission Bay II repaid its $103,000 fixed rate debt at par upon maturity.

(5)In Q2 2025 AVA Arts District secured a variable rate loan of up to $173,000, and used the proceeds drawn to repay its outstanding $158,735 variable rate construction loan which was scheduled to mature in August 2025, at par. The outstanding borrowing is subject to an interest rate cap, which will limit the interest rate to 8.2%, based on the current borrowing spread.

(6)In Q3 2025 the Company acquired its joint venture partner's 50% interest in Avalon Alderwood Place which is now a wholly-owned apartment community and consolidated for financial reporting purposes. NOI at Avalon Alderwood Place for Q3 and YTD 2025, in each case through September 25, 2025, is $1,733 and $5,404, respectively.


Structured Investment Program
Year of Commitment	Number of Commitments (1)	Commitments		Weighted Average Initial Quarter of Maturity (2)
2022	3	$	92,375	Q2 2026
2023	4	99,210		Q3 2027
2024	—	—		—
2025	2	48,000		Q4 2028
Total	9	$	239,585	Q2 2027

(1)Consists of investments with a weighted average return of 11.7% based on total commitments. The Company has funded $206,876 of these commitments as of September 30, 2025.

(2)Excludes the impact of extension options which typically allow the borrower to extend the maturity of their loan by up to two years from the initial maturity.

Attachment 11

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Debt Structure and Select Debt Metrics

September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)



DEBT COMPOSITION AND MATURITIES

				Average Interest Rate (1)		Principal Amortization Payments and Maturities (2)
Debt Composition		Amount				Year	Secured notes amortization and maturities		Unsecured notes maturities		Total

Secured notes						2025	$	1,073	$	300,000	$	301,073
	Fixed rate	$	332,874	3.9	%	2026	11,611		775,000		786,611
	Variable rate	391,250		4.5	%	2027	250,159		400,000		650,159
	Subtotal, secured notes	724,124		4.2	%	2028	19,002		850,000		869,002
						2029	131,561		1,000,000		1,131,561
Unsecured notes						2030	9,000		700,000		709,000
	Fixed rate (3)	7,825,000		3.6	%	2031	9,600		600,000		609,600
	Subtotal, unsecured notes	7,825,000		3.6	%	2032	10,400		700,000		710,400
						2033	11,900		750,000		761,900
Variable rate facility (4)		—		—	%	2034	12,800		400,000		412,800
Commercial paper (4)		235,000		4.4	%	Thereafter	257,018		1,350,000		1,607,018
Total Debt		$	8,784,124	3.6	%		$	724,124	$	7,825,000	$	8,549,124

SELECT DEBT METRICS

Q3 2025 Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre (5)

4.5x

Q3 2025 Interest Coverage (5)

6.9x

YTD 2025 Unencumbered NOI (5)

95%

Weighted avg years to maturity of total debt (2)

6.7



DEBT COVENANT COMPLIANCE

Unsecured Line of Credit Covenants		September 30, 2025		Requirement

	Total Outstanding Indebtedness to Capitalization Value (6)	24.8	%	<	65%
	Combined EBITDA to Combined Debt Service	6.26x		>	1.50x
	Unsecured Indebtedness to Unencumbered Asset Value	23.7	%	<	65%
	Secured Indebtedness to Capitalization Value (6)	2.1	%	<	40%

Unsecured Senior Notes Covenants (7)		September 30, 2025		Requirement

	Total Outstanding Indebtedness to Total Assets (8)	30.1	%	<	65%
	Secured Indebtedness to Total Assets (8)	2.5	%	<	40%
	Unencumbered Assets to Unsecured Indebtedness	342.4	%	>	150%
	Consolidated Income Available for Debt Service to the Annual Service Charge	6.79x		>	1.50x


(1)			Rates are as of September 30, 2025 and, for secured and unsecured notes, include costs of financing such as credit enhancement fees, trustees' fees, the impact of interest rate hedges and mark-to-market adjustments.
(2)			Excludes the Company's (i) Credit Facility, (ii) commercial paper and (iii) any associated issuance discount, mark-to-market discounts and deferred financing costs, if applicable.
(3)			Includes the $550,000 term loan that has been swapped to an effective fixed rate of 4.44% using interest rate hedges.
(4)			Represents amounts outstanding at September 30, 2025 under the Company's (i) Credit Facility and (ii) unsecured commercial paper program, which is backstopped by, and reduces the borrowing capacity of, the Credit Facility.
(5)			See Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms.
(6)			Capitalization Value represents the Company’s Combined EBITDA for operating communities that the Company has owned for at least 12 months as of September 30, 2025, capitalized at a rate of 5.75% per annum, plus the book value of Development communities and real estate communities acquired. For discussion of other defined terms, see "Debt Covenant Compliance" in Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms.
(7)			The information about the Company’s unsecured senior notes covenants shows compliance with selected covenants under the Company’s 1998 Indenture, under which debt securities are outstanding with maturity dates through 2047, subject to prepayment or redemption at the Company’s election. See “Debt Covenant Compliance” in Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms. Different covenants apply to debt securities outstanding under the Company’s 2018 Indenture and 2024 Indenture.
(8)			Total Assets represents the sum of the Company's undepreciated real estate assets and other assets, excluding accounts receivable. See "Debt Covenant Compliance" in Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms.

Attachment 12

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)

This release, including its attachments, contains certain non-GAAP financial measures and other terms. The definitions and calculations of these non-GAAP financial measures and other terms may differ from the definitions and methodologies used by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable. The non-GAAP financial measures referred to below should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and therefore should not be considered as an alternative measure of liquidity or as indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.

Asset Preservation Capex represents capital expenditures that the Company does not expect will directly result in increased revenue or expense savings.

Average Monthly Revenue per Home, as calculated for certain Development communities under construction and in lease-up, reflects management’s projected stabilized rents net of estimated stabilized concessions, including estimated stabilized other revenue and excluding projected commercial revenue. Projected stabilized rents are based on one or more of the following: (i) actual average leased rents on apartments leased through quarter end, (ii) projected rollover rents on apartments leased through quarter end where the lease term expires within the first twelve months of Stabilized Operations and (iii) Market Rents on unleased homes.

Average Monthly Revenue per Occupied Home is calculated by the Company as Residential revenue in accordance with GAAP, divided by the weighted average number of occupied apartment homes.

Commercial represents results attributable to the non-apartment components of the Company's mixed-use communities and other non-residential operations.

Debt Covenant Compliance ratios for the Unsecured Line of Credit Covenants show the Company's compliance with selected covenants provided in the Company’s Seventh Amended and Restated Revolving Loan Agreement (the "Credit Facility") dated as of April 3, 2025 and the Company’s Term Loan Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2025 (the “Term Loan”), each of which has been filed as an exhibit to the Company’s SEC reports. The ratios for the Unsecured Senior Notes Covenants show only the Company's compliance with selected covenants provided in the Company’s Indenture dated as of January 16, 1998, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 20, 1998, Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 7, 1998, Amended and Restated Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 20, 2000, Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of September 18, 2006 and Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 21, 2014 (collectively, the “1998 Indenture"), which have been filed as exhibits to the Company’s SEC reports. Different covenants apply to debt securities outstanding under the Company’s Indenture dated as of February 23, 2018, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 26, 2018 and the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 29, 2018 (collectively the “2018 Indenture”), and under the Company's Indenture dated as of February 23, 2024, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 14, 2024 and the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 10, 2025 (collectively the "2024 Indenture"), which have been filed as exhibits to the Company's SEC reports. Compliance with selected covenants under the 2018 Indenture and 2024 Indenture are excluded from the presentation of Debt Covenant Compliance in this release.

The Debt Covenant Compliance ratios are provided only to show the Company’s compliance with certain covenants contained in the 1998 Indenture which are more restrictive than the 2018 Indenture and 2024 Indenture and in the Company’s Credit Facility and Term Loan, as of the date reported. These ratios should not be used for any other purpose, including without limitation to evaluate the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, nor do they indicate the Company’s covenant compliance as of any other date or for any other period. The capitalized terms in the disclosure are defined in the Indenture or the Credit Facility and Term Loan, and may differ materially from similar terms (i) used elsewhere in this release and the Attachments and (ii) used by other companies that present information about their covenant compliance. For risks related to failure to comply with these covenants, see “Risk Factors – Risks related to indebtedness” and other risks discussed in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Company’s other reports filed with the SEC.

Development is composed of consolidated communities that are either currently under construction, or were under construction and were completed during the current year. These communities may be partially or fully complete and operating.

DownREIT Units means units representing limited partnership interests in the "downREIT" partnership that acquired the Dallas-Fort Worth portfolio of six communities in April 2025. Each DownREIT Unit is entitled to receive quarterly distributions at the same rate as quarterly dividends on a share of the Company’s common stock (pro rated for the time outstanding during the first quarter of issuance). Following the one-year anniversary of the closing date, each holder of a DownREIT Unit will have the right to initiate a transaction in which each DownREIT Unit may be redeemed for a cash amount related to the then-current trading price of one share of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s election, one share of the Company’s common stock.

Attachment 12

EBITDA, EBITDAre and Core EBITDAre are considered by management to be supplemental measures of our financial performance. EBITDA is defined by the Company as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDAre is calculated by the Company in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), as EBITDA plus or minus losses and gains on the disposition of depreciated property, plus impairment write-downs of depreciated property, with adjustments to reflect the Company's share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated entities. Core EBITDAre is the Company’s EBITDAre as adjusted for non-core items outlined in the table below. By further adjusting for items that are not considered part of the Company’s core business operations, Core EBITDAre can help one compare the core operating and financial performance of the Company between periods. A reconciliation of EBITDA, EBITDAre and Core EBITDAre to net income is as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 1
	Q3
	2025
Net income	$	384,162
Interest expense and loss on extinguishment of debt	68,170
Income tax benefit	(193)
Depreciation expense	230,371
EBITDA	$	682,510

Gain on sale of communities, net	(180,155)
Unconsolidated entity EBITDAre adjustments (1)	3,590
EBITDAre	$	505,945

Unconsolidated entity gains, net	(42,350)
Structured Investment Program loan reserve	236
Advocacy contributions	150
Hedge accounting activity	2

Severance related costs	751
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries	503
Other real estate activity	(127)

Legal settlements and costs	3,252
Core EBITDAre	$	468,362

(1) Includes joint venture interest, taxes, depreciation, gain on dispositions of depreciated real estate and impairment losses, if applicable, included in net income.

Economic Gain is calculated by the Company as the gain on sale in accordance with GAAP, less accumulated depreciation through the date of sale and any other adjustments that may be required under GAAP accounting. Management generally considers Economic Gain to be an appropriate supplemental measure to gain on sale in accordance with GAAP because it helps investors to understand the relationship between the cash proceeds from a sale and the cash invested in the sold community. The Economic Gain for disposed communities is based on their respective final settlement statements. A reconciliation of the aggregate Economic Gain to the aggregate gain on sale in accordance with GAAP for the wholly-owned communities disposed of during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 2
	Q3 2025		YTD 2025
Net Gain on sale in accordance with GAAP	$	180,537	$	336,649

Accumulated Depreciation and Other	(185,362)		(231,660)

Economic (Loss) Gain	$	(4,825)	$	104,989

Economic Occupancy is defined as total possible Residential revenue less vacancy loss as a percentage of total possible Residential revenue. Total possible Residential revenue (also known as “gross potential”) is determined by valuing occupied units at contract rates and vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant apartments at their Market Rents, Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that apartment homes of different sizes and locations within a community have different economic impacts on a community’s gross revenue.

Attachment 12

FFO and Core FFO are generally considered by management to be appropriate supplemental measures of our operating and financial performance. FFO is calculated by the Company in accordance with the definition adopted by Nareit. FFO is calculated by the Company as Net income or loss attributable to common stockholders computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for gains or losses on sales of previously depreciated operating communities, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate assets, write-downs of investments in affiliates due to a decrease in the value of depreciable real estate assets held by those affiliates and depreciation of real estate assets, including similar adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, including those from a change in control. FFO can help one compare the operating and financial performance of a real estate company between periods or as compared to different companies because adjustments such as (i) gains or losses on sales of previously depreciated property or (ii) real estate depreciation may impact comparability between companies as the amount and timing of these or similar items can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates. Core FFO is the Company's FFO as adjusted for non-core items outlined in the table below. By further adjusting for items that we do not consider to be part of our core business operations, Core FFO can help with the comparison of core operating performance of the Company between periods. A reconciliation of Net income attributable to common stockholders to FFO and to Core FFO is as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 3
	Q3		Q3		YTD		YTD
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	381,306	$	372,519	$	886,568	$	799,902
Depreciation - real estate assets, including joint venture adjustments	227,962		210,992		674,853		628,677
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	2,856		—		4,046		—
Gain on sale of previously depreciated real estate, net	(180,155)		(172,973)		(336,081)		(241,459)
Casualty loss on real estate	—		—		858		2,935
FFO	431,969		410,538		1,230,244		1,190,055

Adjusting items:
Unconsolidated entity gains, net (1)	(42,350)		(25,261)		(39,885)		(34,823)
Structured Investment Program loan reserve (2)	236		(813)		6		(771)
Hedge accounting activity	2		25		24		80
Advocacy contributions	150		3,732		237		5,914
Executive transition compensation costs	—		200		—		304
Severance related costs	751		738		953		1,979
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries (3)	503		252		5,798		3,857
Other real estate activity (4)	(127)		(293)		(3,874)		(574)
Legal settlements and costs	3,252		781		8,828		2,289
Income tax (benefit) expense	(193)		782		(840)		698
Core FFO	$	394,193	$	390,681	$	1,201,491	$	1,169,008

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	143,535,401		142,516,684		143,104,755		142,376,434

Earnings per common share - diluted	$	2.68	$	2.61	$	6.22	$	5.62
FFO per common share - diluted	$	3.01	$	2.88	$	8.60	$	8.36
Core FFO per common share - diluted	$	2.75	$	2.74	$	8.40	$	8.21

(1) Amounts consist primarily of net unrealized gains on property technology investments.
(2) Changes are the expected credit losses associated with the Company's lending commitments primarily under its SIP. The timing and amount of any actual losses that will be incurred, if any, is to be determined.
(3) Amounts for YTD 2025 and 2024 include a write-off of $3,668 and $1,600, respectively, for one development opportunity in each year that the Company determined is no longer probable.
(4) Amounts for Q3 and YTD 2025 consists primarily of gains on sale of non-operating real estate and the gain on the sale of a development right. Amounts for Q3 and YTD 2024 consist primarily of gains on sale of non-operating real estate, as well as the imputed carry cost of for-sale residential condominiums at The Park Loggia. We compute this adjustment by multiplying the total capitalized cost of the unsold for-sale residential condominiums by our weighted average unsecured debt effective interest rate.

Interest Coverage is calculated by the Company as Core EBITDAre divided by interest expense. Interest Coverage is presented by the Company because it provides rating agencies and investors an additional means of comparing our ability to service debt obligations to that of other companies. A calculation of Interest Coverage for the three months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Attachment 12


TABLE 4

Core EBITDAre (1)	$	468,362

Interest expense (2)	$	68,170

Interest Coverage	6.9 times

(1) For additional detail, see Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms, table 1.
(2) Excludes the impact of non-core hedge accounting activity.

Like-Term Effective Rent Change for an individual apartment home represents the percentage change in effective rent between two leases of the same lease term category for the same apartment. The Company defines effective rent as the contractual rent for an apartment less amortized concessions and discounts. Like-Term Effective Rent Change with respect to multiple apartment homes represents an average. New Move-In Like-Term Effective Rent Change is the change in effective rent between the contractual rent for a resident who moves out of an apartment, and the contractual rent for a resident who moves into the same apartment with the same lease term category. Renewal Like-Term Effective Rent Change is the change in effective rent between two consecutive leases of the same lease term category for the same resident occupying the same apartment.

Market Cap Rate is defined by the Company as Projected NOI of a single community for the first 12 months of operations (assuming no repositioning), less an estimate of typical capital expenditure allowance per apartment home, divided by the gross sales price for the community. Projected NOI, as referred to above, represents management’s estimate of projected rental revenue minus projected operating expenses before interest, income taxes (if any), depreciation and amortization. For this purpose, management’s projection of operating expenses for the community includes a management fee of 2.5% and an estimate of typical market costs for insurance, payroll and other operating expenses for which the Company may have proprietary advantages not available to a typical buyer. The Market Cap Rate, which may be determined in a different manner by others, is a measure frequently used in the real estate industry when determining the appropriate purchase price for a property or estimating the value for a property. Buyers may assign different Market Cap Rates to different communities when determining the appropriate value because they (i) may project different rates of change in operating expenses and capital expenditure estimates and (ii) may project different rates of change in future rental revenue due to different estimates for changes in rent and occupancy levels. The weighted average Market Cap Rate is weighted based on the gross sales price of each community.

Market Rents as reported by the Company are based on the current market rates set by the Company based on its experience in renting apartments and publicly available market data. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.

Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre is calculated by the Company as total debt (secured and unsecured notes, and the Company's Credit Facility and commercial paper program) that is consolidated for financial reporting purposes, less consolidated cash and restricted cash, divided by annualized third quarter 2025 Core EBITDAre. A calculation of Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre is as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 5

Total debt principal (1)	$	8,784,124
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(285,705)
Net debt	$	8,498,419

Core EBITDAre (2)	$	468,362

Core EBITDAre, annualized	$	1,873,448

Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre	4.5 times

(1) Balance at September 30, 2025 excludes $44,286 of debt discount and deferred financing costs as reflected in unsecured notes, net, $14,181 of debt discount and deferred financing costs as reflected in notes payable, net, and $19 of commercial paper discount as reflected in unsecured credit facility and commercial paper, net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) For additional detail, see Attachment 12 - Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms, table 1.

Attachment 12

NOI is defined by the Company as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses (including property taxes), and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income, expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries, interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, net, general and administrative expense, income from unconsolidated investments, SIP interest income, depreciation expense, income tax (benefit) expense, casualty loss, (gain) loss on sale of communities, other real estate activity and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale. The Company considers NOI to be an important and appropriate supplemental performance measure to net income because it helps both investors and management to understand the core operations of a community or communities prior to the allocation of any corporate-level property management overhead or financing-related costs. NOI reflects the operating performance of a community and allows for an easier comparison of the operating performance of individual assets or groups of assets. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impact to overhead as a result of acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets.

Residential NOI represents results attributable to the Company's apartment rental operations, including parking and other ancillary Residential revenue. Reconciliations of NOI and Residential NOI to net income, as well as a breakdown of Residential NOI by operating segment, are as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 6
	Q3		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		YTD		YTD
	2025		2024		2025		2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	384,162	$	372,519	$	269,855	$	236,597	$	282,092	$	890,614	$	800,083
Property management and other indirect operating expenses, net of corporate income	37,194		40,149		38,153		36,100		49,688		111,447		112,906
Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries	1,392		1,573		2,493		4,744		11,106		8,629		7,235
Interest expense, net	65,410		55,769		64,801		59,864		58,976		190,075		167,613
General and administrative expense	22,028		20,089		22,997		19,780		17,691		64,805		60,006
(Income) loss from unconsolidated investments	(42,487)		(25,250)		1,052		999		1,614		(40,436)		(33,845)
SIP interest income	(6,832)		(5,470)		(6,937)		(6,113)		(5,907)		(19,882)		(12,544)
Depreciation expense	230,371		212,122		231,730		217,888		215,539		679,989		631,314
Income tax (benefit) expense	(193)		782		(531)		(116)		(253)		(840)		698
Casualty loss	—		—		858		—		—		858		2,935
Gain on sale of communities, net	(180,155)		(172,973)		(99,457)		(56,469)		(121,841)		(336,081)		(241,459)
Other real estate activity	(127)		(314)		(3,637)		(155)		(117)		(3,919)		(636)
NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale	(6,987)		(18,405)		(12,235)		(14,514)		(16,519)		(33,736)		(67,134)
NOI	503,776		480,591		509,142		498,605		492,069		1,511,523		1,427,172

Commercial NOI	(7,403)		(7,537)		(7,180)		(9,892)		(8,593)		(24,475)		(23,573)
Residential NOI	$	496,373	$	473,054	$	501,962	$	488,713	$	483,476	$	1,487,048	$	1,403,599

Residential NOI
Same Store:
New England	$	63,557	$	63,097	$	64,614	$	62,694	$	63,917	$	190,865	$	188,377
Metro NY/NJ	92,662		91,778		96,074		93,459		94,672		282,195		277,344
Mid-Atlantic	68,375		67,428		71,137		70,296		69,488		209,808		202,399
Southeast FL	15,691		14,771		15,160		17,089		15,125		47,940		45,792
Denver, CO	6,933		7,255		7,232		7,461		7,430		21,626		21,856
Pacific NW	29,593		28,260		29,861		29,627		28,783		89,081		84,430
N. California	73,179		73,541		74,294		74,516		73,300		221,989		219,269
S. California	103,252		102,015		106,165		103,415		103,236		312,832		307,607
Other Expansion Regions	7,806		7,714		8,139		7,921		7,856		23,866		24,090
Total Same Store	461,048		455,859		472,676		466,478		463,807		1,400,202		1,371,164
Other Stabilized	28,355		15,980		25,274		19,510		17,510		73,139		30,919
Development/Redevelopment	6,970		1,215		4,012		2,725		2,159		13,707		1,516
Residential NOI	$	496,373	$	473,054	$	501,962	$	488,713	$	483,476	$	1,487,048	$	1,403,599

NOI as reported by the Company does not include the operating results from assets sold or classified as held for sale. A reconciliation of NOI from communities sold or classified as held for sale is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Attachment 12


TABLE 7
	Q3		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		YTD		YTD
	2025		2024		2025		2025		2024		2025		2024

Revenue from real estate assets sold or held for sale	$	11,869	$	27,620	$	18,056	$	21,123	$	24,524	$	51,048	$	99,698
Operating expenses from real estate assets sold or held for sale	(4,882)		(9,215)		(5,821)		(6,609)		(8,005)		(17,312)		(32,564)
NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale	$	6,987	$	18,405	$	12,235	$	14,514	$	16,519	$	33,736	$	67,134

Commercial NOI is composed of the following components (in thousands):


TABLE 8
	Q3		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		YTD		YTD
	2025		2024		2025		2025		2024		2025		2024

Commercial Revenue	$	9,521	$	9,329	$	9,163	$	11,607	$	10,181	$	30,291	$	28,917
Commercial Operating Expenses	(2,118)		(1,792)		(1,983)		(1,715)		(1,588)		(5,816)		(5,344)
Commercial NOI	$	7,403	$	7,537	$	7,180	$	9,892	$	8,593	$	24,475	$	23,573

NOI Enhancing Capex represents capital expenditures that the Company expects will directly result in increased revenue or expense savings, and excludes any capital expenditures for redevelopment.

Other Stabilized is composed of completed consolidated communities that the Company owns, which have Stabilized Operations as of January 1, 2025, or which were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2024. Other Stabilized excludes communities that are conducting or are probable to conduct substantial redevelopment activities.

Projected FFO and Projected Core FFO, as provided within this release in the Company’s outlook, are calculated on a basis consistent with historical FFO and Core FFO, and are therefore considered to be appropriate supplemental measures to projected net income from projected operating performance. A reconciliation of the ranges provided for Projected FFO per share (diluted) for the fourth quarter and full year 2025 to the ranges provided for projected EPS (diluted) and corresponding reconciliation of the ranges for Projected FFO per share to the ranges for Projected Core FFO per share are as follows:


TABLE 9
		Low Range		High Range
Projected EPS (diluted) - Q4 2025		$	1.18	$	1.28
	Depreciation (real estate related)	1.58		1.58

Projected FFO per share (diluted) - Q4 2025		2.76		2.86
	Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries	0.01		0.01
	Legal settlements and costs	0.02		0.02
	Severance related costs	0.01		0.01
Projected Core FFO per share (diluted) - Q4 2025		$	2.80	$	2.90

Projected EPS (diluted) - Full Year 2025		$	7.35	$	7.55
	Depreciation (real estate related)	6.30		6.30
	Gain on sale of communities, net	(2.35)		(2.35)
	Casualty loss on real estate	0.01		0.01
Projected FFO per share (diluted) - Full Year 2025		11.31		11.51
	Unconsolidated entity gains, net	(0.28)		(0.28)

	Severance related costs	0.01		0.01
	Expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries	0.05		0.05
	Legal settlements and costs	0.09		0.09

	Other real estate activity	(0.03)		(0.03)

Projected Core FFO per share (diluted) - Full Year 2025		$	11.15	$	11.35

Attachment 12

Projected NOI, as used within this release for certain Development communities and in calculating the Market Cap Rate for dispositions, represents management’s estimate, as of the date of this release (or as of the date of the buyer’s valuation in the case of dispositions), of projected stabilized rental revenue minus projected stabilized operating expenses. For Development communities, Projected NOI is calculated based on the first twelve months of Stabilized Operations following the completion of construction. In calculating the Market Cap Rate, Projected NOI for dispositions is calculated for the first twelve months following the date of the buyer’s valuation. Projected stabilized rental revenue represents management’s estimate of projected gross potential minus projected stabilized economic vacancy and adjusted for projected stabilized concessions plus projected stabilized other rental revenue. Projected stabilized operating expenses do not include interest, income taxes (if any), depreciation or amortization, or any allocation of corporate-level property management overhead or general and administrative costs. In addition, projected stabilized operating expenses for Development communities do not include property management fee expense. Projected gross potential for Development communities and dispositions is generally based on leased rents for occupied homes and management’s best estimate of rental levels for homes which are currently unleased, as well as those homes which will become available for lease during the twelve-month forward period used to develop Projected NOI. The weighted average Projected NOI as a percentage of Total Capital Cost is weighted based on the Company’s share of the Total Capital Cost of each community, based on its percentage ownership.

Management believes that Projected NOI of the Development communities, on an aggregated weighted average basis, assists investors in understanding management's estimate of the likely impact on operations of the Development communities when the assets are complete and achieve stabilized occupancy (before allocation of any corporate-level property management overhead, general and administrative costs or interest expense). However, in this release the Company has not given a projection of NOI on a company-wide basis. Given the different dates and fiscal years for which NOI is projected for these communities, the projected allocation of corporate-level property management overhead, general and administrative costs and interest expense to communities under development is complex, impractical to develop, and may not be meaningful. Projected NOI of these communities is not a projection of the Company's overall financial performance or cash flow. There can be no assurance that the communities under development will achieve the Projected NOI as described in this release.

Redevelopment is composed of consolidated communities where substantial redevelopment is in progress or is probable to begin during the current year. Redevelopment is considered substantial when (i) capital invested during the reconstruction effort is expected to exceed the lesser of $5,000,000 or 10% of the community’s pre-redevelopment basis and (ii) physical occupancy is below or is expected to be below 90% during or as a result of the redevelopment activity.

Residential represents results attributable to the Company's apartment rental operations, including parking and other ancillary Residential revenue.

Residential Revenue with Concessions on a Cash Basis is considered by the Company to be a supplemental measure to Residential revenue in conformity with GAAP to help investors evaluate the impact of both current and historical concessions on GAAP-based Residential revenue and to more readily enable comparisons to revenue as reported by other companies. In addition, Residential Revenue with Concessions on a Cash Basis allows an investor to understand the historical trend in cash concessions.

A reconciliation of Same Store Residential revenue in conformity with GAAP to Residential Revenue with Concessions on a Cash Basis is as follows (dollars in thousands):


TABLE 10
	Q3		Q3			Q2			YTD		YTD
	2025		2024			2025			2025		2024
Residential revenue (GAAP basis)	$	685,357	$	670,257		$	682,677		$	2,043,888	$	1,989,405
Residential concessions amortized	5,487		3,677			4,779			14,745		12,298
Residential concessions granted	(8,480)		(5,104)			(3,985)			(16,664)		(10,860)

Residential Revenue with Concessions on a Cash Basis	$	682,364	$	668,830		$	683,471		$	2,041,969	$	1,990,843

			Q3 2025 vs. Q3 2024			Q3 2025 vs. Q2 2025					YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

% change -- GAAP revenue			2.3		%	0.4		%			2.7		%

% change -- cash revenue			2.0		%	(0.2)		%			2.6		%

Attachment 12

Same Store is composed of consolidated communities where a comparison of operating results from the prior year to the current year is meaningful as these communities were owned and had Stabilized Operations, as defined below, as of the beginning of the respective prior year period. Therefore, for 2025 operating results, Same Store is composed of consolidated communities that have Stabilized Operations as of January 1, 2024, are not conducting or are not probable to conduct substantial redevelopment activities and are not held for sale or probable for disposition within the current year.

Stabilized Operations is defined as operations of a community that occur after the earlier of (i) attainment of 90% physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of development or redevelopment.

Total Capital Cost includes all capitalized costs projected to be or actually incurred to develop the respective Development or Redevelopment community, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees and a contingency estimate, offset by proceeds from the sale of any associated land or improvements, all as determined in accordance with GAAP. Total Capital Cost also includes costs incurred related to first generation commercial tenants, such as tenant improvements and leasing commissions. For Redevelopment communities, Total Capital Cost excludes costs incurred prior to the start of redevelopment when indicated. With respect to communities where development or redevelopment was completed in a prior period or the current period, Total Capital Cost reflects the actual cost incurred, plus any contingency estimate made by management. Total Capital Cost for communities identified as having joint venture ownership, either during construction or upon construction completion, represents the total projected joint venture contribution amount. For joint ventures not in construction, Total Capital Cost is equal to gross real estate cost.

Uncollectible lease revenue

The following table provides uncollectible Residential lease revenue as a percentage of total Residential revenue, including the benefit of any rent relief. Government rent relief reduces the amount of uncollectible Residential lease revenue. The Company expects the amount of rent relief recognized to continue to decline in 2025 absent funding from various government entities.


TABLE 11
	Same Store Uncollectible Residential Lease Revenue
	Q3		Q3		Q2		Q1
	2025		2024		2025		2025
New England	0.7	%	0.3	%	0.8	%	0.9	%
Metro NY/NJ	1.8	%	2.0	%	1.7	%	1.7	%
Mid-Atlantic	1.6	%	1.8	%	1.7	%	1.6	%
Southeast FL	1.7	%	2.2	%	1.5	%	1.7	%
Denver, CO	1.3	%	0.6	%	1.0	%	1.4	%
Pacific NW	0.4	%	1.1	%	0.3	%	0.7	%
N. California	1.4	%	1.0	%	1.4	%	1.2	%
S. California	1.4	%	1.9	%	1.5	%	2.0	%
Other Expansion Regions	2.2	%	3.0	%	2.9	%	3.2	%
Total Same Store	1.4	%	1.5	%	1.4	%	1.5	%
Total Same Store – Excluding Rent Relief	1.6	%	1.6	%	1.6	%	1.7	%

Unconsolidated Development is composed of communities that are either currently under construction, or were under construction and were completed during the current year, in which we have an indirect ownership interest through our investment interest in an unconsolidated joint venture. These communities may be partially or fully complete and operating.

Unencumbered NOI as calculated by the Company represents NOI generated by real estate assets unencumbered by outstanding secured notes payable as of September 30, 2025 as a percentage of total NOI generated by real estate assets. The Company believes that current and prospective unsecured creditors of the Company view Unencumbered NOI as one indication of the borrowing capacity of the Company. Therefore, when reviewed together with the Company’s Interest Coverage, EBITDA and cash flow from operations, the Company believes that investors and creditors view Unencumbered NOI as a useful supplemental measure for determining the financial flexibility of an entity. A calculation of Unencumbered NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Attachment 12


TABLE 12
	YTD 2025
	NOI
Residential NOI:
Same Store	$	1,400,202
Other Stabilized	73,139
Development/Redevelopment	13,707
Total Residential NOI	1,487,048
Commercial NOI	24,475
NOI from real estate assets sold or held for sale	33,736
Total NOI generated by real estate assets	1,545,259
Less NOI on encumbered assets	(73,870)
NOI on unencumbered assets	$	1,471,389

Unencumbered NOI	95		%