
| To: |
Wabtec Transportation Netherlands B.V.
Darwinstraat 10, 6718 XR Ede The Netherlands (“Addressee”) |
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Re:
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Wabtec Transportation Netherlands B.V. – Debt Securities
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1.
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The Company is a private company with limited liability (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid), duly incorporated and validly existing under Dutch law
and has the corporate power to execute the Opinion Documents to which it is a party and to undertake and perform its obligations under the Registration Statement, and, when validly signed, the Indenture.
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2.
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The entering into by the Company of the Opinion Documents and the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Registration Statement, and, when validly signed, the Indenture, has been duly
authorized by all corporate action required by Dutch law and the Articles.
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3.
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The entering into by the Company of the Opinion Documents and the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Registration Statement, and, when validly signed, the Indenture, does not violate any
existing provision of, or regulation under the Articles and Dutch law.
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4.
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The Registration Statement has been validly signed by the Company.
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(a)
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expresses and describes Dutch legal concepts in English and not in their original Dutch terms. These concepts may not be identical to the concepts described by the English translations; this opinion may
therefore be relied upon only on the express condition that any issues of interpretation or liability issues arising under this opinion will be governed by Dutch law and be brought before the Dutch courts;
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(b)
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speaks as per the date stated above and as per the moment it has been rendered;
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(c)
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is addressed to the Addressee and may solely be relied upon for the purpose of Registration;
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(d)
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is rendered solely for the purpose of Registration, to be attached to the Registration Statement as an exhibit; and
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(e)
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is solely rendered by Jones Day, with the exclusion of any of its partners, officers, employees, contractors, legal or other professionals, support personnel or people, trainees, and
affiliates, any third party engaged by it, or any other person or entity. No claim shall ever be made against any individual or entity belonging to or related to Jones Day. Jones Day is the sole entity responsible for this opinion.
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| 1 |
Opinion Documents | |
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| 1.1 |
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a signed copy of the Registration Statement; and |
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| 1.2 |
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a form of base Indenture, expressed to be governed by the laws of the State of New York, among the Company as issuer, the Parent as Guarantor, and U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee.
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| 2 |
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Corporate Documents |
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| 2.1 |
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Incorporation deed
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A true copy of the deed of incorporation, including the articles of association of the Company, executed on 26 October 2018.
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| 2.2 |
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Extract
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Certified online extract (gewaarmerkte uittreksel), dated 19 May 2021, in relation to the registration of the Company, registered at the Commercial Register under file
number 72948957.
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| 2.3 |
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Resolutions
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| 2.3.1 |
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a copy of the signed written resolutions of the board of managing directors of the Company, dated 19 May 2021.
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| 1 |
Documents | |
| 1.1 |
the genuineness of all signatures on all documents and on the originals thereof; and
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| 1.2 | the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to originals of all translated, conformed, copied, faxed or specimen documents and that all documents examined by us as draft or execution copies conform to the final and executed or signed documents. | |
| 2 | Incorporation, existence and corporate power | |
| 2.1 | that (a) the incorporation deed of the Company is a valid notarial deed (notariële akte) and that the contents thereof are correct and complete and (b) there were no defects in the incorporation of the Company (not appearing on the face of the incorporation deed) on the basis of which a court might dissolve (ontbinden) the Company; | |
| 2.2 |
that the Articles have not been amended, so that the Articles contain the correct and complete articles of association (statuten) of the Company as currently in force;
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| 2.3 |
that each party to the Opinion Documents (other than the Company) has:
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a) |
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been duly incorporated or formed and is validly existing as a legal entity; |
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b) |
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the corporate power to enter into the Opinion Documents and to perform its obligations thereunder; |
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c) |
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taken all necessary corporate action in connection with the entering into the Opinion Documents; and |
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d) |
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validly signed each Opinion Document; |
| 2.4 |
the accuracy and completeness of the Corporate Documents and the factual matters stated, confirmed or evidenced thereby;
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| 2.5 |
that the Company has not been dissolved, merged (gefuseerd), demerged (gesplitst), split-off (afgesplitst), has not been converted (omgezet) into a different legal entity, foreign or domestic, no petition has been presented nor has a court declared the bankruptcy (faillissement) or suspension of payments (surseance van betaling) of the Company or has the Company been made subject to comparable insolvency proceedings in other jurisdictions, that no out of court restructuring plan (onderhands akkoord) procedure is being prepared or has been commenced involving the Company and that no receiver, trustee, administrator, restructuring expert or similar officer(s) has been appointed in respect of the Company or its assets and that no decision has been adopted to dissolve the Company by (i) the Commercial Register under article 2:19a of the Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) (“DCC”) or (ii) the competent court under article 2:21 DCC. | |
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Although not constituting conclusive evidence thereof, our assumption is supported by (i) the information derived from the Extract and (ii) the information derived today from the online Dutch central insolvency
register (centraal insolventieregister) at www.rechtspraak.nl (as regards the out of court restructuring plan (onderhands akkoord) procedure, a search can be performed with respect to a public procedure only) and by telephone from the bankruptcy clerk office (Faillissementsgriffie) of the competent district court in view of the Company’s corporate seat; and
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| 2.6 |
that the execution of the Opinion Documents and the performance of the transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents are in the corporate interest (vennootschappelijk belang) of the Company, for bona fide commercial reasons and not detrimental to its respective creditors (present and future).
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| 3 | Corporate action | |
| 3.1 |
that the Resolutions correctly reflect the resolutions made by the corporate body of the Company, have been validly signed on behalf of each signatory which is not a legal entity incorporated under Dutch
law and that the Resolutions and any powers of attorney granted in relation to the Documents are in full force and effect;
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| 3.2 |
that no managing director of the Company has a direct or indirect personal interest that conflicts with the Company’s interest (tegenstrijdig belang) which would preclude that managing director to take part in the deliberations or decision making regarding the entering into, execution or performance of the Opinion Documents and the
transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents, within the meaning of and in accordance with article 2:239 (6) DCC, or as applicable, article 2:129 (6) DCC;
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| 3.3 |
that there is neither a works council (ondernemingsraad), a central works council (centrale ondernemingsraad), a group works
council (groepsondernemingsraad), or a joint works council (gemeenschappelijke ondernemingsraad), with any advisory
rights (adviesrecht) under article 25 of the Dutch Works Councils Act (Wet op de ondernemingsraden) nor any right of consent (instemmingsrecht) pursuant to article 27 of the Dutch Works Council Act and no European works council (Europese ondernemingsraad) is to be informed or consulted either directly or indirectly on the basis of the Dutch European Works Council Act (Wet op de Europese Ondernemingsraden) in regard to any transaction or action contemplated by the Opinion Documents, nor is the Company in the process of installing such a works council or has an
obligation to install such a works council pursuant to the mandatory rules of the Dutch Works Councils Act;
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| 3.4 |
that no regulations (reglementen) have been adopted by any corporate body of the Company which would preclude any such corporate body of the Company to adopt
resolutions to enter into the Opinion Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby;
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| 3.5 |
that the general meeting of the Company has not designated certain decisions of the relevant board of managing directors to be subject to the prior approval of the general meeting of the Company;
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| 3.6 |
that the general meeting of the Company has not issued any instructions (aanwijzingen) to the management board of the Company, which would prevent the management
board from adopting resolutions to enter into the Opinion Documents; and
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| 3.7 |
that no Dutch court has imposed a civil law director disqualification (civielrechtelijk bestuursverbod) in respect of any of
the members of the board of managing directors of the Company.
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| 4 | Valid signing | |
| 4.1 |
that each power of attorney granted in relation to the Opinion Documents under any applicable law (other than Dutch law), is in full force and effect and validly authorizes the person or persons purported
to be granted power of attorney, to represent and bind the Company vis-à-vis the other parties to the Opinion Documents with regard to the transactions contemplated by and for the purposes stated in the Opinion Documents.
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| 1 |
Documents | |
| 1.1 |
Our review of the Opinion Documents and of any other documents subject or expressed to be subject to any other law than Dutch law has been limited to the terms of these documents as they appear to us on their
face.
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| 2 | Incorporation, existence and corporate power | |
| 2.1 |
The Extract may not completely and accurately reflect the corporate status and position of the Company insofar as there may be a delay between the adopting of a corporate action and the filing of the necessary
documentation at the Commercial Register and a further delay between such filing and an entry appearing on the files of the Company at the Commercial Register.
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| 2.2 |
It is possible that after our review of the online registrar, a petition is made to the office of the bankruptcy registrar of the competent district court in view of the corporate seat of the Company to have
the Company declared bankrupt or to grant a suspension of payments. Such bankruptcy or suspension of payments would have retroactive effect as from 00.00 hours of this date. An online search performed today with the EU Insolvency Register (EU Insolventieregister) referred to in article 19b of the Dutch Bankruptcy Act (Faillissementswet) maintained with the court of first instance of The Hague, the
Netherlands, showed that no insolvency procedure as referred to in article 2 of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EU) no. 2015/848 of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast) is registered in respect of each respective
Company. We have not performed any further investigation in this respect.
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| 2.3 |
Article 2:7 DCC entitles the company to annul a legal act (vernietigen van een rechtshandeling) if such legal act cannot serve to realize the objects of such company and the other parties thereto knew, or should have known without an investigation of their own (wist of zonder eigen onderzoek moest weten), that such objects have been exceeded. The annulment can only be performed by the company itself (or the trustee (curator)
in bankruptcy) and not by the other parties involved, if the aforementioned requirements are met, and such annulment must involve all other parties to the legal act. The Dutch Supreme Court has ruled that in determining whether the objects of
a company have been exceeded, the description of the object clause in the articles of association of the company alone is not decisive, but that all circumstances have to be taken into account. In particular, it should be taken into account
whether the interests of the company were served by the transaction. Most authoritative legal writers agree that acts of a company which are (a) within the objects clause as contained in the articles of association of the company and (b) in
the actual interest of the company in the sense that such acts are conducive to the realization of the objects of the company as laid down in its articles of association, do not exceed the objects of the company and therefore are not subject
to annulment pursuant to article 2:7 DCC, which view is supported by the Dutch Supreme Court. In practice, the concept of ultra vires has rarely been applied
in Dutch court decisions. Only under exceptional circumstances have transactions been considered to be ultra vires and consequently have been annulled. Annulment of a transaction can result in (internal) liability of the managing directors
towards the legal entity.
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| 2.4 |
Our opinion is subject to and limited by the provisions of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, out of court restructuring (onderhands akkoord) or moratorium laws, the
Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast), the Financial Transactions Emergency Act (Noodwet financieel verkeer), the
emergency regulations (noodregeling) on the basis of the Dutch Financial Markets Supervision Act (Wet op het
financieel toezicht, hereinafter, including its subordinate regulations and decrees, the “Act”), other laws of general application relating
to or affecting generally the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies (including the doctrine of creditors’ prejudice (actio pauliana) within the meaning of article 3:45 DCC and/or article 42 et
seq. of the Dutch Bankruptcy Act) and any and all consequences, including national, international or supra-national guidance or rules and regulations, relating to the corona-crisis, all in the widest possible sense, including the Temporary
COVID-19 Social Affairs and Employment and Justice and Security Act (Tijdelijke Wet COVID-19 SZW en JenV).
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| 2.5 |
No opinion is given (or may be inferred or implied) in respect of the authority of any of the parties to the Opinion Documents (other than the Company) or any other person or entity providing such services to
the Company lawfully to offer or perform any and all regulated investment services (including, but not limited to investment, securities, insurance or banking services) or on the consequences any lack of such authority may have on the Opinion
Documents.
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| 2.6 |
The interpretation of an agreement (overeenkomst) or juridical act (rechtshandeling) under Dutch law generally means the
determining, taking into account all circumstances of the case, of the meaning any of the parties to that agreement or act in the given circumstances were reciprocally reasonably entitled to attach to the terms of that agreement and to each
other’s statements or conduct, as well as on the parties’ reasonable expectations in that respect (the so-called Haviltex standard). Publically registered deeds, including notarial deeds, must be interpreted in relation to third parties on
the basis of their wording, according to objective standards in light of the entire content of the deed. Between the parties to the deed, however, the Haviltex standard may also be relevant.
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Although there is no case law of the Dutch Supreme Court on interpreting opinion letters, it may be expected that the wording thereof may carry substantial weight in that respect.
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| 3 | Valid signing | |
| 3.1 |
Powers of attorney terminate (i) by revocation (herroeping) by the person issuing any such power of attorney (“Principal”), (ii)
by notice of termination (opzegging) given by the attorney appointed under such power of attorney (“Attorney”), or (iii) upon the death of, the commencement of
legal guardianship over (ondercuratelestelling), the bankruptcy of, or the declaration that a debt settlement arrangement (schuldsaneringsregeling) shall apply
to (a) the Attorney unless otherwise provided or (b) the Principal.
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Notwithstanding the generality of the previous paragraph, an Attorney maintains his powers in certain urgent cases during one year after the death of, or the commencement of legal guardianship over the
Principal or a notice of termination by the Attorney.
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Powers of attorney, which are expressed to be irrevocable, are not capable of being revoked and (unless the power of attorney provides otherwise) will not terminate upon the death of or the commencement of
legal guardianship of the Principal insofar as they extend to the performance of legal acts which are in the interest of the Attorney or a third party. However, at the request of the Principal, an heir or a trustee of such person, the court
may amend or cancel an irrevocable power of attorney for significant reasons.
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In the event the Principal is granted a suspension of payments, a power of attorney can only be exercised with the cooperation of the court-appointed administrator (bewindvoerder).
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Any appointment of a process agent is subject to the rules set forth in the qualifications set forth above and to the requirement that there is a reasonable and balanced interest for each party
in the appointment.
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