We have entered into an equity distribution agreement with Truist Securities, Inc., Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, as sales agents, relating to shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the equity distribution agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time up to an aggregate offering price of $50,000,000 through the sales agents.

Upon our delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the equity distribution agreement, the sales agents may sell the common stock by methods deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on the NYSE American, on any other existing trading market for the common stock or to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. In addition, with our prior written approval, the sales agents may also sell shares of our common stock by any other method permitted by law, including in block trades and privately negotiated transactions. The sales agents are not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of our common stock, but will use their commercially reasonable efforts, as our sales agents and subject to the terms of the equity distribution agreement, to sell the shares of common stock offered, as instructed by us and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the NYSE American. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

We will pay the sales agents a fixed commission, or allow a discount, for their services in acting as sales agents in the sale of common stock equal to up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of all shares sold through them as sales agents under the equity distribution agreement. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” for information relating to certain expenses of the sales agents to be reimbursed by us.

In connection with the sale of common stock on our behalf, each of the sales agents may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation to the sales agents will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the sales agents with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The net proceeds we receive from any sales under this prospectus supplement will be the gross proceeds from such sales less the commissions and any other costs we may incur in offering the common stock. See “Use of Proceeds” and “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” for additional information.

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “REPX.” On August 31, 2023, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American was $33.49 per share.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase our common stock only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on pages S-5 and S-9, respectively, of this prospectus supplement, “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on pages 3 and 4, respectively, of the accompanying base prospectus, along with “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, and in the other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before investing in our common stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus supplement is September 1, 2023

This document contains two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, which describes the specific terms of this offering of our common stock. The second part is the accompanying base prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to our common stock or this offering. If the information relating to this offering varies between this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus, or incorporated by reference herein or therein. We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement on the date thereof, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made or expressly referenced therein.

Neither we nor the sales agents have authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell shares of our common stock, and seeking offers to buy shares of our common stock, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the dates shown in these documents or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.

We are not, and the sales agents are not, making an offer of our common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.

Unless otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, as used in this prospectus supplement, the words “Riley Permian,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Riley Exploration Permian, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and all references to the “accompanying base prospectus” are to the accompanying base prospectus, dated May 12, 2021. Terms used in this prospectus supplement that are otherwise not defined will have the meanings given to them in the accompanying base prospectus.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the risk factors set forth below, you should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, and other filings we make with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, and the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus prior to making an investment in our common stock. If any of the described risks were actually to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. Please read “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

The risks described below and those risks described in documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial individually or in the aggregate may also adversely affect our business operations.

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the as adjusted net tangible book value of your shares because the price that you pay per share will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value per share. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, you will experience substantial additional dilution.

The prices we receive for our oil, NGL and natural gas production heavily influence our revenue, profitability, access to capital and future rate of growth, and thus affect the market price of our common stock. Oil, NGL and natural gas are commodities, and therefore their prices are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand. Historically, the market for oil, NGL and natural gas has been volatile, and this volatility exhibited a negative trend in recent years. Oil, NGL and natural gas prices will likely continue to be volatile in the future and will depend on numerous factors beyond our control. In addition to these commodity prices, the market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

Moreover, the stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

The trading market for our common stock relies, in part, on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. Equity research analysts may elect not to provide research coverage of our common stock, and such lack of research coverage may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the event we do have equity research analyst coverage, we will not have any control over the analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. The price of our common stock could decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one or more equity research analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Future sales or the availability for sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future sales of, or pay for acquisitions using, equity securities.

We may issue shares of our common stock or other securities from time to time as consideration for future acquisitions and investments and pursuant to compensation and incentive plans. If any such acquisition or investment is significant, the number of shares of our common stock, or the number or aggregate principal amount, as the case may be, of other securities that we may issue may in turn be substantial. We may also grant registration rights covering those shares of our common stock or other securities issued in connection with any such acquisitions and investments.

We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares of our common stock issued in connection with an acquisition or compensation or incentive plan), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. If the price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or related securities in future transactions is less than the price per share in this offering, then investors who purchase our common stock in this offering will suffer a dilution of their investment.

All of the net proceeds from this offering will be used, as determined by management in its sole discretion, as described in “Use of Proceeds.” Our management will have broad discretion over the use and investment of the net proceeds of this offering and there is no assurance that management’s chosen application of proceeds will yield intended results. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the net proceeds from this offering are being used appropriately. Pending application of the net proceeds as described in “Use of Proceeds,” they might be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock.

Subject to certain limitations in the equity distribution agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the sales agents at any time throughout the term of the equity distribution agreement. The number of shares of our common stock that are sold through the sales agents after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock during the sales period, the limits we set with the sales agents in any applicable placement notice, and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of common stock sold will fluctuate during the sales period, it is not currently possible to predict the aggregate proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales.

Investors who purchase shares of our common stock in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and number of shares sold in this offering. In addition, subject to the final determination by our board of directors, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

The marketing of oil and natural gas production depends in large part on the capacity and availability of pipelines and storage facilities, trucks, gas gathering systems and other transportation, processing and refining facilities. Access to such facilities is, in many respects, beyond our control. If these facilities are unavailable to us on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise (either temporarily or long term), we could be forced to shut in some production or delay or discontinue drilling plans and commercial production following a discovery of hydrocarbons, as was the case in July and August 2023, when our producing wells in the Red Lake field in New Mexico were shut in due to an unexpected maintenance issue with our third party processing plant. We rely (and expect to rely in the future) on facilities developed and owned by third parties in order to store, process, transmit, and sell our oil and natural gas production. Our plans to develop and sell our oil and natural gas

reserves, the expected results of our drilling program and our cash flow and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by the inability or unwillingness of third parties to provide sufficient facilities and services to us on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise. The amount of oil and natural gas that can be produced is subject to limitation in certain circumstances, such as pipeline interruptions due to scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, excessive pressure, damage to the gathering, transportation, refining or processing facilities, or lack of capacity on such facilities. For example, increases in activity in the Permian Basin could contribute to bottlenecks in processing and transportation that may negatively affect our results of operations, and these adverse effects could be disproportionately severe to us compared to our more geographically diverse competitors.

Similarly, the concentration of our assets within a small number of producing formations exposes us to risks, such as changes in field-wide rules, which could adversely affect development activities or production relating to those formations. In addition, in areas where exploration and production activities are increasing, as has been the case in recent years in the Permian Basin, we are subject to increasing competition for drilling rigs, oilfield equipment, services, supplies and qualified personnel, which may lead to periodic shortages or delays. The curtailments arising from these and similar circumstances may last from a few days to several months, and in many cases, we may be provided only limited, if any, notice as to when these circumstances will arise and their duration.

While we have undertaken initiatives to expand our access to midstream and operational infrastructure, these initiatives may be delayed or unsuccessful. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

This prospectus supplement contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The statements contained in this prospectus supplement that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, need for financing, competitive position and potential growth opportunities. Our forward-looking statements do not consider the effects of future legislation or regulations. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words “believes,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “could,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “targets” or comparable terminology or by discussions of strategy or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Such statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements.

Among the factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially are the risks and uncertainties discussed in this prospectus supplement and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023. While it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to:

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus supplement. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements regarding new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable securities laws. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus supplement are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and the price and cost assumptions made by our reserve engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions would change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, reserve estimates may differ from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.

The proceeds from this offering may vary if we choose to raise less than, or are unable to raise up to, the maximum $50,000,000 in gross offering proceeds permitted by this prospectus supplement. The number of shares that we offer and the offering price per share also may vary.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital purposes and other general corporate purposes, which may include financing of capital expenditures, repayment or refinancing of outstanding debt, financing acquisitions or investments, financing other business opportunities, and general working capital purposes. However, the timing and amount of our actual expenditures will be based on many factors, including cash flows from operations and the anticipated growth of our business. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from this offering. As a result, our management will have broad discretion regarding the timing and application of the net proceeds from this offering. Pending their ultimate use, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.

Since 2021, we have paid and anticipate continuing to pay quarterly cash dividends on our common stock in amounts determined from time to time by our board of directors. The payment of future dividends, if any, will be determined by our board of directors in light of conditions then existing, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors.

You should read the following discussion of our cash dividend policy in conjunction with the specific assumptions included in this section. You should read “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for information regarding statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and certain risks inherent in our business.

We expect to pay quarterly dividends on our common stock in amounts determined from time to time by our board of directors. The declaration and payment of any dividends by us will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors, which may change our dividend policy at any time. Our board of directors will take into account:

We do not have a legal obligation to pay dividends at any rate or at all, and there is no guarantee that we will declare or pay quarterly cash dividends to our common stockholders. If we do not have sufficient cash at the end of each quarter, we may, but are under no obligation to, borrow funds to pay the dividends established by our dividend policy to our common stockholders.

The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in our revolving credit facility restrict, and any future financing agreements likely will restrict, our ability to pay dividends, finance future operations or capital needs, or engage, expand, or pursue our business activities. Specifically, our revolving credit facility restricts our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders unless the total net leverage ratio is less than 2.00 to 1.0 or less than 2.50 to 1.0 and the Restricted Payment does not exceed Available Free Cash Flow as of such date, the total revolving credit exposures under the revolving credit facility is equal to or less than 80% of the total revolving commitments, and no default or event of default then exists or would exist upon the payment of the dividend. Our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants in the future is uncertain and will be affected by the levels of free cash flow and events or circumstances beyond our control, such as a downturn in our business or the economy in general or reduced oil, natural gas and NGL prices. Capitalized terms used above and not defined have the meanings specified in the Company’s credit agreement, as amended.

Furthermore, the amount of dividends we are able to pay in any quarter may be limited by Delaware General Corporation Law, which provides that a Delaware corporation may pay dividends only (i) out of the corporation’s surplus, which is defined as the excess, if any, of net assets (total assets less total liabilities) over capital, or (ii) if there is no surplus, out of the corporation’s net profit for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared, or the preceding fiscal year.

The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock. This discussion assumes that a holder will hold our common stock issued pursuant to this offering as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of the investor’s individual circumstances, including (i) any U.S. federal tax laws other than income tax laws, such as gift or estate tax laws, (ii) state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations or (iii) the tax considerations that may apply to certain investors that may be subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including, without limitation, banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies or investors therein, brokers, dealers or traders in securities, grantor trusts, taxpayers who have elected mark-to-market accounting, tax-exempt or governmental entities, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, persons liable for the alternative minimum tax, pension plans, former citizens or long-term residents of the United States or persons that will hold or dispose of shares of our common stock as part of a straddle, appreciated financial position, synthetic security, hedge, constructive sale, conversion or other integrated investment or risk reduction transaction. Additionally, the discussion does not consider the tax treatment of entities or arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes or other pass-through entities such as subchapter S corporations (or investors in such entities or arrangements).

This discussion is based on current provisions of the Code, applicable Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Treasury Regulations”), judicial opinions and published rulings of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. We have not sought, and will not seek, any ruling from the IRS or any opinion of counsel with respect to the tax considerations discussed herein, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a position contrary to the tax considerations discussed below or that any position taken by the IRS would not be sustained.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any person or entity that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is: (i) a citizen or individual resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (including any entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) its administration is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons, within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code, have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is not a U.S. Holder or a partnership, or other entity treated as a partnership, or disregarded from its owner, each for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The tax treatment of an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and each partner or other member thereof) generally will depend upon the status and activities of the partnership and such partner or member. An entity or arrangement treated as a partnership considering an investment in shares of our common stock (and any partner or member thereof) should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock.

THIS DISCUSSION IS ONLY A SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. IT IS NOT TAX ADVICE. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.

We plan to make quarterly distributions on our common stock in accordance with our “Dividend Policy” described above. Such distributions will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under the Code, and will be includible in income by U.S. Holders and taxable as ordinary income when received. Any portion of a distribution that exceeds our current or accumulated earnings and profits will first be applied to reduce the U.S. Holder’s basis in shares of our common stock, and, to the extent such portion exceeds the U.S. Holder’s basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition of shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of which is discussed below under the heading “Gain on Sale or Other Disposition by U.S. Holders of Shares of Our Common Stock.”

Subject to applicable limitations, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be eligible for taxation as “qualified dividend income” and therefore may be taxable at rates applicable to long-term capital gains. Dividends received by a corporate U.S. Holder may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction if the U.S. Holder meets certain holding period and other applicable requirements.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized on the sale or other disposition of the common stock will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the common stock for more than one year. The amount of the gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common stock disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition. Long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

We plan to make quarterly distributions on our common stock in accordance with our “Dividend Policy” described above. Such distributions will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under the Code. Any portion of a distribution that exceeds our current or accumulated earnings and profits will first be applied to reduce the Non-U.S. Holder’s basis in shares of our common stock, and, to the extent such portion exceeds the Non-U.S. Holder’s basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition of shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of which is discussed below under the heading “Gain on Sale or Other Disposition by Non-U.S. Holders of Shares of Our Common Stock.”

Generally, dividends paid in respect of shares of our common stock to a Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, subject to the two following exceptions:

Except as described in the discussion below under the heading, “Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax,” a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock, unless:

Income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business by a Non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax in the same manner as if it were realized by a U.S. Holder. In addition, if such Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, such gain may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as is provided by an applicable income tax treaty).

If an individual Non-U.S. Holder is present in the U.S. for at least 183 days during the taxable year of disposition, the Non-U.S. Holder may be subject to a flat 30% tax on any U.S.-source gain derived from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock (other than gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business), which may be offset by U.S.-source capital losses.

It is likely that we are a USRPHC. As a result, any gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of our common stock may be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the same manner as gain recognized by a U.S. Holder (“FIRPTA Tax”). In addition, a Non-US. Holder may under certain circumstances be subject to withholding in an amount equal to 15% of the gross proceeds on the sale or disposition. If the Non-U.S. Holder files a U.S. federal income tax return, any amounts so withheld will generally be credited against, and refunded to the extent in excess of, any FIRPTA Tax such Non-U.S. Holder owes.

However, so long as our common stock is considered to be “regularly traded on an established securities market” (“regularly traded”) at any time during the calendar year, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to FIRPTA Tax on any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of our common stock unless the Non-U.S. Holder owned (actually or constructively) shares of our common stock with a fair market value of more than 5% of the total fair market value of our common stock at any time during the applicable period described in the third bullet point above. No withholding is required under these rules upon a sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock if it is considered to be regularly traded. If, on the other hand, our common stock is not considered to be regularly traded, a Non-U.S. Holder (regardless of the percentage of common stock owned) would be subject to FIRPTA Tax on any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock, and withholding on the gross proceeds thereof, regardless of the Non-U.S. Holder’s percentage ownership of our common stock. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the application of the foregoing rules to their ownership and disposition of our common stock.

Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with distributions on common stock, and the proceeds of a sale or other disposition of common stock. A non-exempt U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. backup withholding on these payments if it fails to provide its taxpayer identification number to the withholding agent and comply with certification procedures or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding with respect to payments of dividends on, or gross proceeds from the disposition of, shares of our common stock that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, provided that the Non-U.S. Holder satisfies certain conditions and duly certifies as to its non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Information reporting and backup withholding

generally will not apply to any payment of the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our common stock effected outside of the United States by a non-U.S. office of a broker. However, unless such broker has documentary evidence in its records that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a U.S. Person and certain other conditions are met, or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise establishes an exemption, information reporting will apply to a payment of the proceeds of the disposition of our common stock effected outside the United States by such a broker if it has certain relationships within the United States.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, and a Non-U.S. Holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and timely furnishing any required information. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them in their particular circumstances.

Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or “FATCA”) currently requires withholding at a rate of 30% on certain payments to foreign financial institutions, investment funds and other non-U.S. entities that fail to comply with information reporting and due diligence requirements in respect of their direct and indirect U.S. security holders and/or U.S. accountholders unless a specified exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Such payments would include dividends paid in respect of our common stock. Under certain circumstances, a Non-U.S. Holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. The U.S. Treasury recently released proposed Treasury Regulations which, if finalized in their present form, would eliminate the U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% applicable to the gross proceeds of a sale or other disposition of our common stock. In its preamble to such proposed Treasury Regulations, the U.S. Treasury stated that taxpayers may generally rely on the proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued. The rules under FATCA are complex.

Prospective Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in shares of our common stock.

We have entered into an equity distribution agreement with Truist Securities, Inc., Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, as sales agents, under which we may offer and sell from time to time shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $50,000,000 of our common stock through the sales agents.

Sales of the common stock, if any, will be made through ordinary brokers’ transactions at market prices by methods deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the NYSE American, on any other existing trading market for the common stock, or to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The sales agents may also sell our common stock hereunder by any other method permitted by law, including in block trades and privately negotiated transactions.

Upon delivery of a placement notice, the sales agents may offer the common stock subject to the terms and conditions of the equity distribution agreement on a daily basis or as otherwise agreed upon by us and the sales agents. We will designate the maximum amount of common stock to be sold through the sales agents on a daily basis or otherwise determine such maximum amount together with the sales agents. Subject to the terms and conditions of the equity distribution agreement, the sales agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the shares of common stock requested to be sold by us. We may instruct the sales agents not to sell common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us in any such instruction. We or the sales agents may suspend the offering of the common stock being made through the sales agents under the equity distribution agreement upon proper notice to the other party and subject to other conditions.

We will pay the sales agents commissions, in cash, for their services in acting as sales agents in the sale of our common stock. The aggregate compensation payable to the sales agents shall be equal to up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of all shares sold through them as sales agents under the equity distribution agreement. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse a portion of the expenses of the sales agents in connection with this offering up to a maximum of $75,000. We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding commissions payable to the sales agents under the equity distribution agreement, will be approximately $250,000.

Settlement for sales of common stock will occur on the second trading day following the date on which any sales are made (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading), in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. Sales of our common stock as contemplated in this prospectus supplement will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and the sales agents may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

The sales agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with their sales and trading practices, to solicit offers to purchase the common stock shares under the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the equity distribution agreement. In connection with the sales of the common stock on our behalf, each sales agent may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation to the sales agents will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed in the equity distribution agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to the sales agents with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The offering of our common stock pursuant to equity distribution agreement will terminate automatically upon the sale of all shares of our common stock subject to the equity distribution agreement or as otherwise permitted therein. We and the sales agents may each terminate the equity distribution agreement at any time upon ten days’ prior written notice.

Any portion of the $50,000,000 included in this prospectus supplement that is not previously sold or included in an active placement notice pursuant to the equity distribution agreement is available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the accompanying base prospectus, and if no shares are sold under the equity distribution agreement, the full $50,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the accompanying base prospectus.

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American stock exchange under the trading symbol “REPX.” The transfer agent for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

An affiliate of Truist Securities, Inc. is a lender under our revolving credit facility and may receive 5% or more of the net proceeds of this offering due to the repayment of borrowings thereunder. The receipt of at least 5% of the net proceeds of this offering by a sales agent (or an affiliate) would be considered a “conflict of interest” under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5121. As such, this offering is being conducted in compliance with FINRA Rule 5121, which requires prominent disclosure of the nature of the conflict of interest in the prospectus supplement for the public offering. Pursuant to Rule 5121(a)(1)(B), the appointment of a qualified independent underwriter is not necessary in connection with this offering as a bona fide public market exists in the shares of common stock, as that term is defined in the rule. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Some of the sales agents and their affiliates have engaged, and may from time to time in the future engage, in transactions with, and perform services for, us, such as other commercial banking and lending services, including as a future lender under our revolving credit facility, investment banking and financial advisory services, fairness opinions and other similar services, including those that may be provided in connection with any acquisitions or investments we may make, for which they have received, or may in the future receive, customary compensation. Additionally, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the sales agents and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investment and securities activities may involve our securities and instruments.

The validity of the issuance of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by our counsel, Holland & Knight LLP, Dallas, Texas and Houston, Texas. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the sales agents by Goodwin Procter LLP, New York, New York.

The consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the consolidated statements of operations, changes in members’/shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, the three months ended December 31, 2021, and the year ended September 30, 2021 and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of BDO USA, LLP (n/k/a BDO USA, P.C.), an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

The financial statements of Pecos Oil & Gas, LLC as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for the years then ended incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP (n/k/a BDO USA, P.C.), independent auditors, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

The information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement regarding estimated quantities of reserves of the Company, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value as of December 31, 2022 is based on the reserve reports prepared by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., Riley Permian’s independent petroleum engineers. These estimates are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in these matters.

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance therewith, file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site, located at www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, including us, that file electronically. You may also inspect our SEC records at our website at www.rileypermian.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus supplement, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus supplement. Information that we later provide to the SEC, and which is deemed to be “filed” with the SEC, will automatically update and may replace information in this prospectus supplement, until the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus supplement.

The documents listed below and any future filings made by Riley Permian with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding those furnished to the SEC on Form 8-K), including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, until the termination of each offering under this prospectus supplement:

We undertake to provide without charge to any person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus supplement is delivered, upon oral or written request of such person, a copy of any or all of the documents that have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, excluding any exhibits to those documents unless the exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus supplement. You should direct requests for documents to us at the following address:

Riley Exploration Permian, Inc.

29 E. Reno Avenue, Suite 500

Oklahoma City, OK 73104

Attention: Philip Riley

 

$250,000,000

 

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “REPX.” On April 7, 2021, the last reported sales price of our common stock was $25.31 per share. Each prospectus supplement will indicate if the securities offered thereby will be listed on any securities exchange.

The date of this prospectus is May 12, 2021

As of April 7, 2021, there were 18,021,521 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year. Our bylaws will specify the requirements as to form and content of all stockholders’ notices. These requirements may preclude stockholders from bringing matters before the stockholders at an annual or special meeting;

 

Prospectus Supplement