UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

IDT Corporation

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

IDT CORPORATION

520 Broad Street

Newark, New Jersey 07102

(973) 438-1000

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE IDT CORPORATION STOCKHOLDERS MEETING TO BE HELD ON DECEMBER 11, 2025:

The Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement and the 2025 Annual Report are available at:

www.idt.net/investors-and-media

	BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
	Joyce J. Mason
	Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

Newark, New Jersey

October 30, 2025

PROXY STATEMENT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Introduction

This Proxy Statement is being furnished to the stockholders of record of IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company” or “IDT”) as of the close of business in New York, New York on October 17, 2025, in connection with the solicitation by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) of proxies for use in voting at the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”). The Annual Meeting will be held on Thursday, December 11, 2025 at 11:00 a.m., local time, at the offices of IDT, 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102. The shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), and Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B Common Stock”), present at the Annual Meeting or represented by the proxies received by Internet or mail (properly marked, dated and executed) and not revoked, will be voted at the Annual Meeting. This Proxy Statement is being mailed to the Company’s stockholders starting on or about November 7, 2025.

Solicitation and Voting Procedures

This solicitation of proxies is being made by the Company. The solicitation is being conducted by mail, and the Company will bear all attendant costs. These costs will include the expense of preparing and mailing proxy materials for the Annual Meeting and any reimbursements paid to brokerage firms and others for their expenses incurred in forwarding the solicitation materials regarding the Annual Meeting to the beneficial owners of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. The Company may conduct further solicitations, by telephone or by facsimile through its officers, directors and employees, none of whom will receive additional compensation for assisting with the solicitation.

The close of business in New York, New York on October 17, 2025 has been fixed as the record date (the “Record Date”) for determining the holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, the Company had 25,072,591 shares outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting, consisting of 1,574,326 shares of Class A Common Stock and 23,498,265 shares of Class B Common Stock. The remaining shares issued (which are not deemed to be outstanding), consisting of 1,698,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and 5,030,430 shares of Class B Common Stock, are beneficially owned by the Company, and are not entitled to vote or to be counted as present at the Annual Meeting for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present. The shares of stock owned by the Company will not be deemed to be outstanding for determining whether a majority of the votes cast have voted in favor of any proposal.

Stockholders are entitled to three votes for each share of Class A Common Stock held by them and one-tenth of one vote for each share of Class B Common Stock held by them. The holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock will vote as a single body on all matters presented to the stockholders. There are no dissenters’ rights of appraisal in connection with any proposal.

How do I Vote?

You can vote either in person at the Annual Meeting or by proxy without attending the meeting.

Beneficial holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock as of the Record Date whose stock is held of record by another party should receive voting instructions from their bank, broker or other holder of record. If a stockholder’s shares are held through a nominee and the stockholder wants to vote at the meeting, such stockholder must obtain a proxy from the nominee record holder authorizing such stockholder to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Stockholders of record should receive a paper copy of our proxy materials and may vote by following the instructions on the proxy card that is included with the proxy materials. As set forth on the proxy card, there are two convenient methods for holders of record to direct their vote by proxy without attending the Annual Meeting: on the Internet or by mail. To vote by Internet, visit www.voteproxy.com. To vote by mail, mark, date and sign the enclosed proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope provided. Holders of record may also vote by attending the Annual Meeting and voting by ballot.

All shares for which a proxy has been duly executed and delivered (by Internet or mail) and not properly revoked prior to the meeting will be voted at the Annual Meeting. If a stockholder of record signs and returns a proxy card but does not give voting instructions, the shares represented by that proxy will be voted as recommended by the Board of Directors. If any other matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting for consideration and if you have voted your shares by Internet or mail, the persons named as proxies will have the discretion to vote on those matters for you. On the date of filing this Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or “SEC”), the Board of Directors did not know of any other matters to be raised at the Annual Meeting.

How Can I Change My Vote?

A stockholder of record can revoke his, her or its proxy at any time before it is voted at the Annual Meeting by delivering to the Company (to the attention of Joyce J. Mason, Esq., Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary) a written notice of revocation or by executing a later-dated proxy by Internet or mail, or by attending the Annual Meeting and voting in person.

If your shares are held in the name of a bank, broker, or other nominee, you must obtain a proxy executed in your favor from the holder of record (that is, your bank, broker, or nominee) to be able to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Quorum and Vote Required

The presence at the Annual Meeting of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock (voting together and excluding the shares owned by the Company as those shares are not considered to be outstanding), either in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstention votes and any broker non-votes (i.e., votes withheld by brokers on non-routine proposals in the absence of instructions from beneficial owners) will be counted as present or represented at the Annual Meeting for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power present (in person or by proxy) at the Annual Meeting and casting a vote on a Proposal will be required for the approval of the election of any director (Proposal No. 1) and the adoption of an amendment to the Company’s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”) (Proposal No. 2). This means that the number of votes cast “for” a director nominee or Proposal No. 2 must exceed the number of votes cast “against” that director nominee or Proposal No. 2, respectively. Abstentions are not counted as votes “for” or “against” a nominee or Proposal No. 2.

If you are a beneficial owner whose shares are held of record by a broker, you must instruct your broker how to vote your shares. If you do not provide voting instructions, your shares will not be voted on any proposal on which the broker does not have discretionary authority to vote. This is called a “broker non-vote.” In these cases, the broker can register your shares as being present at the Annual Meeting for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum but will not be able to vote on those matters for which specific authorization is required under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange.

If you are a beneficial owner whose shares are held of record by a broker, your broker does not have discretionary authority to vote on the election of directors (Proposal No. 1) and the adoption of an amendment to the 2024 Plan (Proposal No. 2) or on any stockholder proposal or other matter raised at the Annual Meeting without instructions from you, in which case a broker non-vote will occur and your shares will not be voted on these matters.

How Many Votes Are Required to Approve Other Matters?

Unless otherwise required by law or the Company’s Bylaws, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power represented at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote will be required for other matters that may properly come before the meeting.

Stockholders Sharing the Same Address

We are sending only one copy of the Annual Report and Proxy Statement to stockholders of record who share the same last name and address, unless they have notified the Company that they want to continue to receive multiple copies. This practice, known as “householding,” is designed to reduce duplicate mailings and printings and postage costs. However, if any stockholder residing at such address wishes to receive a separate Annual Report or Proxy Statement in the future, he or she may contact Joyce J. Mason, Esq., Corporate Secretary, IDT Corporation, 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, or by phone at (973) 438-1000, and we will promptly forward to such stockholder a separate Annual Report and/or Proxy Statement. The contact information above may also be used by members of the same household currently receiving multiple copies of the Annual Report and Proxy Statement in order to request that only one set of materials be sent in the future.

References to Fiscal Years

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., Fiscal 2025 refers to the Fiscal Year ended July 31, 2025).

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Introduction

The Company has in place a comprehensive corporate governance framework that reflects the corporate governance requirements and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the corporate governance-related listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. Consistent with the Company’s commitment to strong corporate governance, the Company does not rely on the exceptions from the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance listing requirements available to it because it is a “controlled company,” except as described below with regard to (i) the composition of the Nominating Committee and (ii) the Company not having a single Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee.

In accordance with Sections 303A.09 and 303A.10 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, the Company has adopted a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the full texts of which are available for your review in the Governance section of our website at https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance and which also are available in print to any stockholder upon written request to the Corporate Secretary.

The Company qualifies as a “controlled company” as defined in Section 303A of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, because more than 50% of the voting power of the Company is controlled by one individual, Howard S. Jonas, who serves as Chairman and Chairman of the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding that being a “controlled company” entitles the Company to exempt itself from the requirement that a majority of the voting directors be independent directors and that the Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance Committee be comprised entirely of independent directors, the Board of Directors has determined affirmatively that a majority of the voting members of the Board of Directors and the director nominees are independent in accordance with Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and that the Compensation Committee and the Corporate Governance Committee are in fact comprised entirely of independent directors. As a “controlled company,” the Company may, and has chosen to, exempt itself from the New York Stock Exchange requirement that it have a single Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee composed entirely of independent directors. As noted above, and discussed in greater detail below, the Board of Directors maintains a separate Corporate Governance Committee and Nominating Committee, each of which is comprised entirely of independent directors.

Director Independence

The Corporate Governance Guidelines adopted by the Board of Directors provide that a majority of the voting members of the Board of Directors, and each member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance Committee and Nominating Committee, must meet the independence requirements set forth therein. The full text of the Corporate Governance Guidelines, including the independence requirements, is available for your review in the Governance section of our website at https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance. For a director to be considered independent, the Board of Directors must determine that a director meets the Independent Director Qualification Standards set forth in the Corporate Governance Guidelines, which comply with the New York Stock Exchange’s definition of “independence.” The Board of Directors considers all relevant facts and circumstances known to it in making a determination of independence, and not merely from the standpoint of the director, but also from that of persons or organizations with which the director has an affiliation or significant financial interest. In addition to considering all relevant information available to it, the Board of Directors uses the following categorical Independent Director Qualification Standards in determining the “independence” of its directors:

In addition, all members of the Company’s Audit Committee must meet the independence requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Based on the review and recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee, the Board of Directors has determined that each of Eric F. Cosentino, Irwin Katsof and Judah Schorr is independent in accordance with the Corporate Governance Guidelines and Section 2014.10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, thus, that a majority of the current voting members of the Board of Directors, a majority of the director nominees, and each current member of the Audit, Compensation, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committees is independent. As used herein, the term “non-employee director” shall mean any director who is not an employee or consultant of the Company and who is deemed independent by the Board of Directors. Therefore, none of Howard S. Jonas, Bill Pereira or Elaine S. Yatzkan is a non-employee director. None of the non-employee directors had any relationships with the Company that the Corporate Governance Committee was required to consider when reviewing independence.

Director Selection Process

The Nominating Committee will consider director candidates recommended by the Company’s stockholders. Stockholders may recommend director candidates by contacting the Chairman of the Board as provided under the heading “Director Communications.” The Nominating Committee considers candidates suggested by its members, other directors, senior management and stockholders in anticipation of upcoming elections and actual or expected board vacancies. All candidates, including those recommended by stockholders, are evaluated on the same basis in light of the entirety of their credentials and the needs of the Board of Directors and the Company. Of particular importance is the candidate’s wisdom, integrity, ability to make independent analytical inquiries, understanding of the business environment in which the Company operates, as well as his or her potential contribution to the diversity of the Board of Directors and his or her willingness to devote adequate time to fulfill duties as a director. Under “Proposal No. 1—Election of Directors” below, we provide an overview of each nominee’s experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, including as to personal factors of nominees and the diverse perspectives that nominees may bring to their service on the Board, that led the Nominating Committee and the Board of Directors to determine that each nominee should serve as a director.

Director Communications

Stockholders and other interested parties may communicate with: (i) the Board of Directors, by contacting the Chairman of the Board; (ii) the non-employee directors, by contacting the Lead Independent Director (currently Eric F. Cosentino); and (iii) the Audit, Compensation, Corporate Governance or Nominating Committees of the Board of Directors, by contacting the respective chairmen of such committees. All communications should be in writing, should indicate in the address whether the communication is intended for the Lead Independent Director, the Chairman of the Board, or a Committee Chairman, and should be directed care of IDT Corporation’s Corporate Secretary, Joyce J. Mason, Esq., Stockholder Communications, IDT Corporation, 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102.

The Corporate Secretary will relay correspondence (i) intended for the Board of Directors, to the Chairman of the Board, who will, in turn, relay such correspondence to the entire Board of Directors, (ii) intended for the non-employee directors, to the Lead Independent Director, who will, in turn, relay such correspondence to the other non-employee directors, and (iii) intended for the Audit, Compensation, and/or Corporate Governance Committees, to the Chairmen of such committees, who will, in turn, relay such correspondence to the members of the applicable committee(s).

The Corporate Secretary may filter out and disregard or re-direct (without providing a copy to the directors or advising them of the communication), or may otherwise handle at his or her discretion, any director communication that falls into any of the following categories:

In addition, the Corporate Secretary may handle in her discretion any director communication that can be described as an “ordinary business matter.” Such matters include the following:

BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COMMITTEES

Board of Directors

The Board of Directors held four regularly scheduled meetings and a total of eight meetings in Fiscal 2025. In Fiscal 2025, each of the Company’s directors attended or participated in 75% or more of the aggregate of (i) the total number of regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors and (ii) the total number of regularly scheduled meetings held by all committees of the Board of Directors on which each such director served.

Directors are encouraged to attend the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders. All of the current members of the Board of Directors attended the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders either in person or via video/telephonic conference.

Board of Directors Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight Role

Howard S. Jonas has served as Chairman of the Board since the Company’s inception and has served as Chairman, an executive officer position, since September 2022. From October 2009 through December 2013, he also served as Chief Executive Officer. On January 1, 2014, Shmuel Jonas, who served as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer from June 2010 through December 2013, was elected as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Howard S. Jonas is Chairman of the Board and provides overall leadership to the Board of Directors in its oversight function. An important purpose of the risk management and oversight roles of the Audit, Compensation, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committees discussed below, which are comprised solely of independent directors, is to provide an appropriate and effective balance to the Chairman of the Board role.

The Company’s Eighth Amended and Restated By-Laws enable the Board of Directors to appoint one or more ex-officio (non-voting) directors. Since March 24, 2021, Bill Pereira has served as an ex-officio (non-voting) member of the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors selects the Chairman of the Board at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors, which occurs promptly after the Annual Meeting.

Section 303A.03 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines require that the independent directors of the Company meet privately without management at regularly scheduled executive sessions. These executive sessions are held at every regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Directors. Eric F. Cosentino, an independent director and the “Lead Independent Director,” serves as the presiding director of these executive sessions and has served in that capacity since December 17, 2009. The Board of Directors determined that the role of Lead Independent Director is important to maintain a well-functioning Board of Directors that objectively assesses management’s proposals.

The Board of Directors and each of its committees conduct annual self-assessments in private executive sessions to review and monitor their respective continued effectiveness.

The Board of Directors as a whole, and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management, including the review of the policies with respect to risk management and risk assessment. With the oversight of the Board of Directors, the Company’s senior management is responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks the Company faces. The Board of Directors is required to satisfy itself that the risk management process implemented by management is adequate and functioning as designed.

Each of the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance Committees oversees certain aspects of risk management and reports its respective findings to the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis, and as is otherwise needed. The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing risk management of financial matters, financial reporting, the adequacy of the risk-related internal controls, internal investigations, and security risks, generally. The Compensation Committee oversees risks related to compensation policies and practices. The Corporate Governance Committee oversees our Corporate Governance Guidelines and governance-related risks, such as board independence, as well as senior management succession planning.

Board Committees

The Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Corporate Governance Committee and a Nominating Committee.

The Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, the appointment, compensation, removal and oversight of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also oversees management’s performance of its responsibility for the integrity of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting and its systems of internal controls, the performance of the Company’s internal audit function and the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee operates under a written Audit Committee charter adopted by the Board of Directors, which can be found in the Governance section of our web site, https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance, and is also available in print to any stockholder upon request to the Corporate Secretary. The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Katsof (Chairman), Rev. Cosentino and Dr. Schorr. The Audit Committee held eight meetings during Fiscal 2025. The Board of Directors has determined that (i) all of the members of the Audit Committee are independent within the meaning of the Section 303A.07(b) and Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and Rule 10A-3(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (ii) all of the members of the Audit Committee are financially literate and (iii) that Mr. Katsof qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K.

The Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things, reviewing, evaluating and approving all compensation arrangements for the executive officers of the Company, evaluating the performance of executive officers, administering the 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and the 2024 Plan and recommending to the Board of Directors the compensation for Board members, such as retainers, committee and other fees, stock options, restricted stock, deferred stock units and other stock awards, and other similar compensation as deemed appropriate. The Compensation Committee confers with the Company’s executive officers when making the above determinations. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Rev. Cosentino (Chairman), Mr. Katsof and Dr. Schorr. The Compensation Committee held seven meetings during Fiscal 2025. The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors, which can be found in the Governance section of our web site, https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance, and which is also available in print to any stockholder upon request to the Corporate Secretary. The Board of Directors has determined that all of the members of the Compensation Committee are independent within the meaning of Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and the categorical standards set forth above.

The Compensation Committee adopts goals and objectives for the fiscal year to be used as a guide when determining annual bonus payments to executive officers after the end of the fiscal year. Such goals may be Company-wide or targeted at specific segments, business units or corporate departments. The Compensation Committee reviews the performance of the Company relative to those goals and objectives, and the contribution of each executive officer to such performance at the end of the fiscal year and considers them as some of the factors when determining the amounts of annual bonuses to be awarded to executive officers.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the Compensation Committee have served as an officer or employee of the Company or have any relationship with the Company that is required to be disclosed under the heading “Related Person Transactions.” No executive officer of the Company served in Fiscal 2025 or serves on the compensation committee or board of any company that employed or employs any member of the Company’s Compensation Committee or Board of Directors.

The Corporate Governance Committee

The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, reviewing and reporting to the Board of Directors on matters involving relationships among the Board of Directors, the stockholders and senior management. The Corporate Governance Committee (i) reviews the Corporate Governance Guidelines and other policies and governing documents of the Company and recommends revisions as appropriate, (ii) reviews any potential conflicts of interest of independent directors, (iii) reviews and monitors related person transactions, (iv) oversees the annual self-evaluations of the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, the Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation Committee and (v) reviews and determines director independence, and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding director independence. The Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Rev. Cosentino (Chairman), Mr. Katsof and Dr. Schorr. The Corporate Governance Committee held six meetings in Fiscal 2025. The Corporate Governance Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors, which can be found in the Governance section of our web site, https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance, and which is also available in print to any stockholder upon request to the Corporate Secretary. The Board of Directors has determined that all of the members of the Corporate Governance Committee are independent within the meaning of Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and the categorical standards set forth above.

The Nominating Committee

The Nominating Committee is responsible for overseeing nominations to the Board of Directors, including: (i) developing the criteria and qualifications for membership on the Board of Directors, (ii) recommending candidates to fill new or vacant positions on the Board of Directors, and (iii) conducting appropriate inquiries into the backgrounds of potential candidates. A summary of new director qualifications can be found under the heading “Director Selection Process.” The Nominating Committee currently consists of Rev. Cosentino (Chairman) and Dr. Schorr. The Board of Directors has determined that both of the members of the Nominating Committee are independent within the meaning of Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and the categorical standards set forth above. The Nominating Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors, which can be found in the Governance section of our web site, https://www.idt.net/investors-and-media/governance, and which is also available in print to any stockholder upon request to the Corporate Secretary. The Nominating Committee held two meetings in Fiscal 2025.

FISCAL 2025 COMPENSATION FOR NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS

Annual compensation for non-employee directors for Fiscal 2025 was comprised of equity compensation, consisting of awards of restricted shares of Class B Common Stock, and cash compensation.

Director Equity Grants

During Fiscal 2025, pursuant to the 2024 Plan, each non-employee director of the Company received, on January 6, 2025, an automatic grant of 1,053 restricted shares of Class B Common Stock, which vested in full immediately upon grant and which had a value of $49,991 based on the average of the high and the low trading prices of Class B Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the grant date. A new non-employee director who becomes a member of the Board of Directors during the course of the calendar year receives an automatic grant on the date that he or she becomes a director in the amount specified above, pro-rated based on the calendar quarter of the year in which such person became a director. Accordingly, during Fiscal 2025, Irwin Katsof received an additional grant of 369 restricted shares (25% of the 1,476 restricted shares granted to directors in January 2024 for the full year of service) of Class B Common Stock on December 12, 2024 when he was elected to the Board of Directors, which vested in full immediately upon grant and which had a value of $19,140 based on the average of the high and the low trading prices of Class B Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the grant date. The stock is granted on a going-forward basis before the director completes his or her service for the calendar year. All such grants of stock to non-employee directors are subject to certain terms and conditions described in the 2024 Plan.

Board of Directors Retainers

Each non-employee director of the Company receives an annual cash retainer of $50,000 thatis paid in equal quarterly payments provided the non-employee director attended at least 75% of the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors that quarter. The annual cash retainer is pro-rated (by calendar quarter based on the calendar quarter when service on the Board of Directors began or ended) for non-employee directors who join the Board of Directors or depart from the Board of Directors during the calendar year, if such director attended 75% of the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors for such quarter. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer may, in his discretion, waive the requirement of 75% attendance by a director to receive the retainer in the case of mitigating circumstances.

Committee Fees

Directors do not receive fees for committee service.

Lead Independent Director

The Lead Independent Director receives an additional annual cash retainer of $50,000, paid in equal quarterly amounts upon the completion of each quarter of service. Eric F. Cosentino has served as the Lead Independent Director since December 17, 2009.

Fiscal 2025 Director Compensation Table

The following table lists Fiscal 2025 compensation for any person who served as a non-employee director during Fiscal 2025. This table does not include compensation to Howard S. Jonas, Bill Pereira or Elaine S. Yatzkan, as they are not non-employee directors and do not receive any compensation for service as members of the Board of Directors.

As of July 31, 2025, non-employee directors held the following shares of Class B Common Stock granted for their service as directors. Non-employee directors did not hold any options to purchase shares of the Company’s capital stock as of July 31, 2025.

RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS

Review of Related Person Transactions

The Board of Directors has adopted a Statement of Policy with respect to Related Person Transactions, which is administered by the Corporate Governance Committee. This policy covers any transaction or series of transactions in which the Company or a subsidiary is a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and a Related Person has a direct or indirect material interest. Related Persons include directors, director nominees, executive officers, any beneficial holder of more than 5% of any class of the Company’s voting securities, and any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons. The policy also covers transactions which, despite not meeting all of the criteria set forth above, would otherwise be considered material to investors based on qualitative factors, as determined by the Corporate Governance Committee with input from the Company’s management and advisors. Transactions that fall within the definition are considered by the Corporate Governance Committee for approval or other action. Based on its consideration of all of the relevant facts and circumstances, the Corporate Governance Committee will decide whether or not to approve such transactions and will approve only those transactions that are in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. If the Company becomes aware of an existing Related Person Transaction that has not been approved under this policy, the matter will be referred to the Corporate Governance Committee at its next regularly scheduled meeting. The Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate all options available, including approval, revision or termination of such transaction.

Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons

All of the following Related Person Transactions were approved in accordance with the policy described above:

There is a father/son relationship between Howard S. Jonas, Chairman and Chairman of the Board, and Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer. Howard Jonas holds voting control over a controlling interest in the Company. Howard Jonas’ and Shmuel Jonas’ total compensation during Fiscal 2025 are set forth in the Summary Compensation Table of this Proxy Statement.

There is a brother/sister relationship between Howard S. Jonas, and Joyce J. Mason, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Executive Vice President. Howard Jonas’ total compensation during Fiscal 2025 is set forth in the Summary Compensation Table of this Proxy Statement. Joyce Mason’s total compensation during Fiscal 2025 was $412,800.

On October 28, 2011, the Company spun off its subsidiary, Genie Energy Ltd. (“Genie”). In connection with the spin-off, the Company and Genie entered into a Transition Services Agreement, dated October 28, 2011 (the “Genie TSA”), pursuant to which the Company provides certain services to Genie, for which Howard S. Jonas serves as the Chairman of the Board and owns a controlling interest, and for which Michael Stein, his son-in-law, is the Chief Executive Officer. The services under the Genie TSA include, but are not limited to, services relating to human resources, employee benefits administration, system support and treasury, tax, facilities, investor relations and legal. Furthermore, the Company granted Genie a license to use the IDT name for its Retail Energy Provider business. Genie paid the Company a total of approximately $1,068,667 for services provided by the Company pursuant to the Genie TSA during Fiscal 2025. As of July 31, 2025, Genie owed the Company approximately $211,831 for such services. Additionally, Genie provided human resources, legal and administrative services to the Company pursuant to the Genie TSA. The Company paid Genie a total of approximately $157,425 for services provided to the Company by Genie pursuant to the Genie TSA during Fiscal 2025. As of July 31, 2025, the Company owed Genie approximately $10,985 for such services.

On June 1, 2016, the Company spun off its subsidiary, Zedge, Inc. (“Zedge”). Zedge and the Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the “Zedge TSA”), effective June 1, 2016. This constitutes a Related Person Transaction because Howard S. Jonas is a director and Vice Chairman of Zedge and his son, Michael Jonas, is the Chairman of the board of directors, Executive Chairman, and the controlling stockholder of Zedge. Pursuant to the Zedge TSA, the Company provides legal services to Zedge. Zedge paid the Company a total of $126,000 for legal services provided by the Company pursuant to the Zedge TSA during Fiscal 2025. In addition, the Company paid Zedge $86,000 for consulting services provided to the Company by a Zedge employee. As of July 31, 2025, Zedge owed the Company $1,000.

On March 26, 2018, the Company spun off its subsidiary, Rafael Holdings, Inc. (“Rafael”). In connection with the spin-off, the Company and Rafael entered into a Transition Services Agreement, dated March 26, 2018 (the “Rafael TSA”), pursuant to which the Company provides certain services to Rafael, for which Howard S. Jonas serves as the Chairman of the board of directors and owns a controlling interest. The services include, but are not limited to, administrative, tax, and legal. The Company billed Rafael a total of $275,323 under the Rafael TSA during Fiscal 2025. As of July 31, 2025, Rafael owed the Company $59,460 for such services.

In Fiscal 2025, in connection with a rights offering consummated by Rafael, the Company purchased 168,122 shares of Rafael’s Class B common stock for $215,196. The terms of the Company’s participation in the rights offering were identical to those for other Rafael stockholders.

The Company occupies approximately 42,300 square feet in a building and has parking rights in a garage located at 520-536 Broad St, Newark, New Jersey that was previously owned by Rafael. On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company leases office space in Jerusalem, Israel from Rafael. The Company paid Rafael $370,000 for office rent during Fiscal 2025. As of July 31, 2025, IDT owed Rafael $92,725 for office rent.

On April 28, 2025, the Company exercised its option pursuant to an Exchange and Option Agreement with Alexander Mason, son of Joyce Mason, pursuant to which the Company exchanged 127,500 shares of National Retail Solutions, Inc. (“NRS”), a subsidiary of the Company, for 7,685 shares of Class B Common Stock of the Company (valued at $395,250).

In Fiscal 2024, NRS and Zedge entered into a marketing relationship.  During Fiscal 2025, Zedge received $156,000 from this Agreement.

In Fiscal 2024, NRS and CTM Media Group entered into a marketing relationship.  This constitutes a Related Person Transaction because Howard S. Jonas is the owner of CTM Media Group.  NRS billed CTM Media Group a total of $532,667 pursuant to the marketing relationship during Fiscal 2025.  As of July 31, 2025, CTM Media Group owed NRS $532,667 for such services.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership as of the close of business on October 17, 2025, of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock by (i) each person or entity known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Class A Common Stock or the Class B Common Stock, (ii) each of the Company’s directors, director nominees, and the Named Executive Officers for Fiscal 2025 (who are listed under Executive Compensation below), and (iii) all directors and executive officers of the Company as a group. Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes to the table, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investing power with respect to all shares indicated as being beneficially owned by them.

Unless otherwise noted, the security ownership information provided below is given as of the close of business on October 17, 2025 and all shares are owned directly. Percentage ownership information is based on the following amounts of issued and outstanding shares: 1,574,326 shares of Class A Common Stock and 23,498,265 shares of Class B Common Stock. The percentage ownership numbers reported below for Class B Common Stock assume the conversion of all 1,574,326 currently outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock into shares of Class B Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. In computing the number of shares of Class B Common Stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we considered shares of Class B Common Stock subject to options held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty days of October 17, 2025 and Class B Common Stock issuable upon the vesting of deferred stock units within sixty days of October 17, 2025 to be outstanding and to be owned by the applicable person.

Does not include (a) 123,598 shares of Class B Common Stock owned by the Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation, Inc., as Howard S. Jonas does not beneficially own those shares, (b) an aggregate of 3,468,979 shares of Class B Common Stock beneficially owned by trusts for the benefit of the children of Howard S. Jonas, as Howard S. Jonas does not exercise or share voting or investment control over those shares, (c) 160,000 shares of Class B Common Stock owned by the 2012 Jonas Family, LLC (Howard S. Jonas is a minority equity holder of such entity), (d) 1,574,326 shares of Class A Common Stock (which are convertible into Class B Common Stock) owned by IDT A Partners, L.P., (e) shares representing 3.1% of the outstanding common stock of net2phone 2.0, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, or (f) shares representing 2.4% of the outstanding common stock of National Retail Solutions, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Under the securities laws of the United States, the Company’s directors, executive officers, and any persons holding more than ten percent or more of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities are required to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership, on a timely basis, with the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. Based on material provided to the Company, the Company believes that all such required reports were filed on a timely basis in Fiscal 2025.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the following Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of the Company’s 2025 Proxy Statement. Based on our review and discussions, we have recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in IDT’s 2025 Proxy Statement.

Eric Cosentino, Chairman

Irwin Katsof

Judah Schorr

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s previous filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that might incorporate future filings, including this Proxy Statement, in whole or in part, the foregoing report shall not be incorporated by reference into any such filings, nor shall it be deemed to be soliciting material or deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Act or under the Exchange Act.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The following discussion and analysis of our compensation practices and related compensation information should be read in conjunction with the Summary Compensation table and other tables included in this proxy statement, as well as our financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025, which we refer to as the Form 10-K. The following discussion includes statements of judgment and forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, our business, compensation, management’s beliefs, and certain assumptions made by us, all of which are subject to change. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding projected performance and compensation. Actual results could differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, the risk factors discussed in the Form 10-K. We assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements or such risk factors.

Introduction

It is the responsibility of the Compensation Committee of our board of directors to: (i) oversee our general compensation policies; (ii) determine the base salary and bonus, if any, to be paid each year to each of our executive officers; (iii) oversee our compensation policies and practices as they relate to our risk management; and (iv) determine the compensation to be paid each year to our non-employee directors for service on our board of directors and the various committees of our board of directors. In addition, the Compensation Committee administers our Stock Option and Incentive Plans with respect to restricted stock, stock options or other equity-based awards. Further, from time to time, certain individuals have received grants of equity in certain of our subsidiaries and any grants in subsidiaries to our executive officers must be approved by the Compensation Committee. Restricted shares of Class B common stock are granted to our non-employee directors automatically on an annual basis under our 2015 Plan and 2024 Plan, and under other policies adopted by the Board and Compensation Committee.

Elements of Compensation

The three broad components of our executive officer compensation are annual base salary, annual bonus awards, and long-term equity-based incentive awards, including (i) awards that may have time and performance-based vesting conditions and that may present the recipient with additional growth opportunities through decisions to remain at risk related to continued employment, and (ii) in certain circumstances, awards in, or related to, equity of subsidiaries or operating units, where the individual recipient has specific responsibilities related to that subsidiary or unit or has significant ability, through job performance, to impact meaningfully the value of that operation. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews total compensation levels and the allocation of compensation among these three components for each of the executive officers, as well as for the Company, in the context of our overall compensation policy. Additionally, the Compensation Committee reviews the relationship of executive compensation to corporate performance generally and with respect to specific enumerated goals that are approved by the Compensation Committee in each fiscal year. Management and the Compensation Committee believe that our current compensation plans are serving their intended purposes and are functioning reasonably. Below is a description of the general policies and processes that govern the compensation paid to our executive officers, as reflected in the accompanying compensation tables.

Compensation Structure, Philosophy and Process

Our executive compensation structure is designed to attract and retain qualified and motivated personnel and align their interests with the short-term and long-term goals of the Company and with the best interests of our stockholders. Our compensation philosophy is to provide sufficient compensation to attract the individuals necessary to meet our current needs and planned organic growth and changes in operations, as well as for the business units that represent longer-term growth initiatives and provide them with the proper incentives to motivate those individuals to perform their duties and execute their roles in order to achieve our long-term plans.

The base salary that we pay to each of our Named Executive Officers is based on the responsibilities undertaken by the respective individuals, if applicable, the business unit managed and its complexity and role within the Company, and the marketplace for employment of people of similar skills and backgrounds. The base salaries paid are determined by discussions with the covered individual and his or her manager, as well as budgetary considerations. Such base salaries are approved by the relevant members of our senior management and, in the case of executive officers and, from time to time, certain other key, highly compensated individuals, the Compensation Committee.

Incentive compensation is designed to reward contributions towards achieving the Company’s, or one or more business units’ goals for the current period, as well as for the longer term. Bonuses are generally a reward for performance in the relevant period and equity awards also provide incentive to contribute to future performance and growth and to align our personnel’s interest with those of our stockholders.

The Compensation Committee, with recommendations from the Company’s management, sets goals for executive compensation in each fiscal year. These goals are set for the Company and for specific operating divisions and are designed to set forth achievable goals for the current performance of the Company and its business units and for current contributions to long-term initiatives. The Company’s practice has evolved to setting detailed financial, operational and strategic goals to provide ample metrics against which to measure performance of the Company, each business or other unit, and the contributions of senior corporate and divisional personnel toward the achievement of (or failure to achieve) the goals.

The Compensation Committee’s decisions regarding bonuses are primarily subjective and specific to each Named Executive Officer and are made by the Committee in its discretion after an overall assessment of all of the factors it deems appropriate, which includes, but is not limited to, the specific Company-wide goals, the individual’s role in achieving those goals, if relevant, the performance of the business unit or units over which the individual exercised management or with respect to which the individual contributed, and other accomplishments during the fiscal year that were deemed relevant in specific instances. Following the end of the fiscal year, our management sets Company-wide bonus amounts (in terms of total budget for bonuses, percentages of base compensation for individuals and relation to prior years’ bonuses) and for the fiscal year then-ended, based on Company performance and available resources. Proposed bonuses for executive officers are then presented to the Compensation Committee. The bonus amount awarded to each executive officer is the result of subjective proposals made by management and determination of the Compensation Committee with respect to each subject individual, based on Company and individual performance, particularly relative to the performance goals set by the Compensation Committee for the fiscal year, and levels relative to the bonuses of other personnel and officers.

Executive officers are eligible to receive cash bonuses of up to 100% of base salary (or higher upon extraordinary performance or other circumstances as determined by the Compensation Committee) based upon performance, including the specific financial and other goals set by the Compensation Committee, which goals are Company-wide, specific to a business unit or specific to an executive and his or her area of responsibility, as well as specific extraordinary accomplishments by such officers during the relevant period. Specific bonuses will depend on the individual achievements of executives and their contribution to the achievement of the enumerated goals. These goals are approved by the Compensation Committee.

Equity grants are made to provide longer term incentive compensation and to better align the interests of our executives with our stockholders. Executives have been granted equity interests in the Company and, with regard to individuals whose areas of responsibility focus on specific operations or who have the ability to contribute in significant ways to specific subsidiaries or business units, in those subsidiaries or business units, so as to better incentivize and reward the executives for the results of their efforts.

In recent years, the Company’s grants in Company equity (broad-based and to senior personnel) have focused on awards with features that link the size of the awards to the market price of the Company’s Class B common stock, and that present the recipient with additional growth opportunities through decisions to remain at risk related to continued employment. In these grants, the number of shares issued upon vesting varies with the market price of the Class B common stock at each vesting date relative to the base amount (which is linked to the market price at or near the time the awards are made), and recipients have the flexibility to have awards scheduled to vest remain unvested, giving them the possibility of greater ultimate awards if the market price increases further during the deferral period.

Compensation Decisions Made in Fiscal 2025

Company Performance

In Fiscal 2025, the Company was successful in continuing to improve the contributions to its top and bottom lines from its high margin growth businesses, while cutting costs and managing its Traditional Communications segment so those units continued to contribute positively to overall performance.

Consolidated Gross Profit grew by 14% and Income from Operation grew by 55% from the fiscal 2024 levels and the Company reported diluted earnings per share of $3.01 compared to $2.54 in fiscal 2024. Cash flow from operations also increased compared to fiscal 2024.

NRS improved key financial and operational metrics while growing its network, broadening its offerings and entering into additional strategic relationships.

Our Boss Money international remittance offerings, and the entire Fintech segment, delivered increased top line and bottom line contributions compared to the prior fiscal year, led by growth in its digital channel, while growing the number of transactions processed and the total funds sent by its customers.

net2phone delivered modest top line growth and a very substantial increase in income from operations despite pressure from the impact of a strong U.S. dollar, while expanding its use of artificial intelligence to broaden and improve its offerings.

While our Traditional Communications segment continues to see downward pressure from the shifts that are impacting the minute-based communications industry, it delivered increases in gross profit and income from operations while updating offerings within the digital payments channel.

The Company delivered strong performance across the board while continuing to invest in the future of its key growth-oriented units, as well as incubating earlier-stage operations and positioning all for continuing growth and contributions to Company-wide performance.

Goals and Performance

Goals for Fiscal Year 2025

At a meeting held on September 18, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2025. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified effort or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2025 included:

At a meeting held on September 18, 2025, management reported to the Compensation Committee on the Company’s performance relative to the above goals as follows:

When considering the key goals listed above as well as the other goals approved by the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee concluded that the Company and its segments/business units had substantially met or exceeded the significant majority of the key quantitative and qualitative goals, while certain of the goals that were not met had been de-emphasized due to market or other conditions that arose during the fiscal year.

Bonus Awards for Fiscal 2025 Performance

In light of the performance relative to the enumerated goals and the overall financial performance of the Company, in particular the top line and bottom line performance of the Company’s higher-margin growth businesses, the fact that they are contributing positively to the Company’s bottom line, operational improvements, including feature and product enhancements, back-end improvements, cost-management and success in mitigating the sectoral decline in the traditional communications market, management recommended performance bonuses for management that were approximately 12.65% higher than those paid in respect of Fiscal 2024. As a percentage of base salary, the amounts paid ranged from 16.9% to 138% of the executive officer’s base salary. The following individual bonus levels were determined and paid in early Fiscal 2026 in respect of services provided in Fiscal 2025:

Base Salaries

The Company paid base salaries to its executives intended to meet the goals and purposes outlined above. The base salaries of certain executives are set forth in written agreements with the Company. Subject to those written agreements, the base salaries are set by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, based on presentations made by management. No changes were made to the base compensation of any Named Executive Officers from the Fiscal 2025 levels.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Fifth Amended H. Jonas Agreement”), effective January 1, 2021, between the Company and Howard Jonas that is discussed in more detail below, Howard Jonas receives a cash base salary of $250,000 per annum.

Shmuel Jonas receives a base salary of $495,000 per annum.

Marcelo Fischer receives a base salary of $450,000 per annum.

Under the agreement described below, Bill Pereira receives a base salary of $500,000 per annum.

Mr. Ash receives a base salary of $400,000 per annum.

Mr. Wartell receives a base salary of $300,000 per annum.

Equity Grants

Certain of the Company’s Executive Officers participated in the Fiscal 2023 broad-based grant of deferred stock units (DSUs) under the Company’s 2022 Equity Growth Program (the “2022 Equity Growth Program”) which is described in the Company’s financial statements included in the Form 10-K, which grants continued to be eligible for vesting in Fiscal 2025. Grants under that program serve to create incentives for outstanding work performance that drives increases in the price for the Company’s Class B Common Stock, and create opportunities to enhance the value to be received by retaining risk with respect to grants.

During Fiscal 2025, Mr. Fischer received 56,250 shares, Mr. Pereira received 100,313 shares, Mr. Ash received 9,374 shares and Mr. Wartell received 14,374 shares of Class B common stock upon the vesting of DSUs granted under the 2022 Equity Growth Program. The number of shares issued reflect the number of DSUs that vested in fiscal 2025 which depended on the number of DSUs originally granted and decisions made by the executive officers in respect of previous vesting dates as permitted under the 2022 Equity Growth Program.

During Fiscal 2025:

Each of the aforementioned grants were made under the 2015 Plan, the 2024 Plan or a combination thereof. 

On September 18, 2025, the Compensation Committee adopted a 2025 Equity Growth Program under the 2024 Plan and granted DSUs to the Named Executive Officers thereunder.

Goals for Fiscal Year 2026

At a meeting held on September 18, 2025, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2026. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified function or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2026 include:

Compensation Decisions Made in Fiscal 2024

Company Performance

In Fiscal 2024, the Company’s high margin growth businesses built on prior performance and again delivered very strong results, while the Traditional Communications segment was able to partially offset the impact of sectoral decline on its bottom line. NRS grew its installed base, revenue and income from operations and saw increased contributions from newer offerings while continuing to introduce additional services. BOSS Money, the key component of the Fintech segment delivered over 40% growth in both transaction volume and revenue. net2phone increased seats served, total revenue, subscription revenue and operating margins. Within the Traditional Communications segment, IDT Digital Payments grew revenue, IDT Global was able to mitigate the bottom-line impact of continued revenue declines, while cost cutting and streamlining continued. On a consolidated basis, the Company delivered record levels of gross profit and gross profit margin.

Goals and Performance

Goals for Fiscal Year 2024

At a meeting held on September 20, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2024. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified effort or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2024 include:

At a meeting held on September 18, 2024, management reported to the Compensation Committee on the Company’s performance relative to the above goals as follows:

When considering the key goals listed above as well as the other goals approved by the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee concluded that the Company had substantially met or exceeded the significant majority of the key quantitative and qualitative goals, while certain of the goals that were not met had been de-emphasized due to market or other conditions that arose during the fiscal year.

Bonus Awards for Fiscal 2024 Performance

In light of the performance relative to the enumerated goals and the overall financial performance of the Company, in particular the top line and bottom line performance of the Company’s higher-margin growth businesses, the fact that they are contributing positively to the Company’s bottom line, operational improvements, including feature and product enhancements, back-end improvements, cost-management and success in mitigating the sectoral decline in the traditional communications market, management recommended performance bonuses for management that were approximately 4.1% higher than those paid for services provided in Fiscal 2023. As a percentage of base salary, the amounts paid ranged from 42.5% to 120% of the executive officer’s base salary. The following individual bonus levels were determined and paid in early Fiscal 2025 in respect of services provided in Fiscal 2024:

Base Salaries

The Company paid base salaries to its executives intended to meet the goals and purposes outlined above. The base salaries of certain executives are set forth in written agreements with the Company. Subject to those written agreements, the base salaries are set by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, based on presentations made by management. No changes were made to the base compensation of any Named Executive Officers from the Fiscal 2024 levels.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Fifth Amended H. Jonas Agreement”), effective January 1, 2021, between the Company and Howard Jonas that is discussed in more detail below, Howard Jonas receives a cash base salary of $250,000 per annum.

Shmuel Jonas receives a base salary of $495,000 per annum.

Marcelo Fischer receives a base salary of $450,000 per annum.

Under the agreement described below, Bill Pereira receives a base salary of $500,000 per annum.

Mr. Ash receives a base salary of $400,000 per annum.

Mr. Wartell receives a base salary of $300,000 per annum.

Equity Grants

Certain of the Company’s Executive Officers participated in the Fiscal 2023 broad-based grant of deferred stock units (DSUs) under the Company’s 2022 Equity Growth Program, which grants continued to be eligible for vesting in Fiscal 2024. Grants under that program serve to create incentives for outstanding performance that drives increases in the stock price for the Company’s Class B Common Stock, and create opportunities to enhance the value to be received by retaining risk with respect to grants.

During Fiscal 2024, Mr. Pereira received (a) a grant of 39,155 restricted shares of Class B Common Stock that vested in full upon grant (in connection with the achievement of milestones set forth in the employment agreement between the Company and Mr. Pereira) and (b) a grant of 23,500 DSUs under the 2022 Equity Growth Program (which were issued in lieu of a portion of the cash bonus awarded to him.

Goals for Fiscal Year 2025

At a meeting held on September 18, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2025. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified effort or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2025 include:

Compensation Decisions Made in Fiscal 2023

Company Performance

Fiscal 2023 was notable for the growth and improved profitability for the Company’s high margin growth businesses. NRS added significantly to its customer base as it continued to expand the range of services it provides and increased revenue from a variety of sources. net2phone delivered significant domestic and international growth in seats while growing subscription revenue (a key performance metric for that business) by 25% and focusing on its relatively new CCaaS offering. BOSS Money grew transaction volume and further enhanced its network of payers. The Traditional Telecom segment continued to streamline operations and took initiative to stem the impact of secular declines in per-minute calling. Mobile Top-Up had a challenging year, but is positioning itself for a return to growth. The Company saw increasing benefits from cross-selling offerings, particularly within its BOSS Revolution ecosystem. Corporate and divisional management were key to all developments and the technology development team played essential roles in the execution of many operational enhancements and new products and features.

Goals and Performance

Goals for Fiscal Year 2023

At a meeting held on September 19, 2022, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2023. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified effort or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2023 include:

At a meeting held on September 20, 2023, management reported to the Compensation Committee on the Company’s performance relative to the above goals as follows:

When considering the key goals listed above as well as the other goals approved by the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee concluded that the Company had substantially met or exceeded almost all of the key quantitative and qualitative goals, while certain of the goals that were not met had been de-emphasized due to market or other conditions that arose during the fiscal year.

Bonus Awards for Fiscal 2023 Performance

In light of the performance relative to the enumerated goals and the overall financial performance of the Company, in particular the top line and bottom line performance of the Company’s higher-margin growth businesses, particularly the move toward self-funding and profitability at those units, while continuing to limit the impact of the sector-wide decline in the Company’s Traditional Communications segment’s operations, management recommended performance bonuses for management that were approximately 8-9% higher than those paid for services provided in Fiscal 2022. As a percentage of base salary, the amounts paid ranged from 18% to 117% of the executive officer’s base salary. The following individual bonus levels were determined and paid in early Fiscal 2024 in respect of services provided in Fiscal 2023:

Base Salaries

The Company paid base salaries to its executives intended to meet the goals and purposes outlined above. The base salaries of certain executives are set forth in written agreements with the Company. Subject to those written agreements, the base salaries are set by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, based on presentations made by management. No changes were made to the base compensation of any Named Executive Officers from the Fiscal 2023 levels.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Fifth Amended H. Jonas Agreement”), effective January 1, 2021, between the Company and Howard Jonas that is discussed in more detail below, Howard Jonas receives a cash base salary of $250,000 per annum.

Shmuel Jonas receives a base salary of $495,000 per annum.

Marcelo Fischer receives a base salary of $450,000 per annum.

Under the agreement described below, Bill Pereira receives a base salary of $500,000 per annum.

Mr. Ash receives a base salary of $400,000 per annum.

Mr. Wartell receives a base salary of $300,000 per annum.

Equity Grants

Certain of the Company’s Executive Officers participated in the broad-based grant of DSUs under the 2022 Equity Growth Program which is described in the Company’s financial statements included in the Form 10-K. Grants under that program serve to create incentives for outstanding performance that drives increases in the stock price for the Company’s Class B Common Stock, and create opportunities to enhance the value to be received by retaining risk with respect to grants.

Messrs. Fischer and Pereira each received a grant of 30,000 DSUs under the Growth Program with a grant date fair value of $816,000. 

Mr. Ash received (a) aggregate grants of 10,000 DSUs under the Growth Program with a total grant date value of $272,000, and (b) a grant of 16,000 shares of restricted Class B Common Stock that will only vest if the closing price for the Class B Common Stock on the NYSE is over $50 for 10 consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025. The restricted stock had a grant date value of $298,400.

Mr. Wartell received (a) aggregate grants of 10,000 DSUs under the Growth Program with a total grant date value of $272,000, and (b) a grant of 8,000 shares of restricted Class B Common Stock that will only vest if the closing price for the Class B Common Stock on the NYSE is over $50 for 10 consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025. The restricted stock had a grant date value of $149,200.

As set forth below, bonuses for fiscal 2022 performance for Shmuel Jonas, Marcelo Fischer and Bill Pereira were paid one-half in cash and one half through the receipt of 10,654, 8,961 and 4,928 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively.

Goals for Fiscal Year 2024

At a meeting held on September 20, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved executive compensation goals for Fiscal 2024. The goals cover Company-wide targets as well as goals for specific business units and other groups. The goals are detailed and, in many instances, consist of specific operational achievements related to an identified effort or unit. The key goals set for Fiscal 2024 include:

Employment Agreement

Pursuant to his Employment Agreement, Mr. Pereira is paid a base salary of $500,000 per year, and has a target annual bonus of $300,000, based on performance and as approved by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Pereira is also entitled to participate in any of the Company’s broad-based equity grants to its employees. Should Mr. Pereira’s employment be terminated without Cause or should he resign for Good Reason (as such terms are defined in the agreement), the Company will be obligated to pay him severance of $800,000. The agreement continues until it is terminated by either the Company or Mr. Pereira.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION TABLES

Summary Compensation Table

The table below summarizes the total compensation paid or awarded for performance during Fiscal 2025, Fiscal 2024 and Fiscal 2023 to each of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the three other highest paid executive officers of the Company during Fiscal 2025, and Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman and the Chairman of the Board (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”).

Employment Agreements

Shmuel Jonas, David Wartell and Menachem Ash: None of Shmuel Jonas, David Wartell and Menachem Ash is a party to an employment agreement with the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Bill Pereira: On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Agreement (the “Pereira Agreement”) with Bill Pereira, who currently serves as President and Chief Operating Officer. The Pereira Agreement supersedes the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated December 5, 2017, between the Company and Mr. Pereira. The Pereira Agreement provides for a base salary of $500,000 per year and a target annual bonus of $300,000 (of which $150,000 will be deemed satisfied by virtue of a portion of the equity grants described below), based on performance and as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Mr. Pereira also received certain equity grants, consisting of 23,500 DSUs representing the right to receive between 11,750 and 47,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, 50,000 restricted shares of Class B common stock of the Company’s subsidiary net2phone 2.0, Inc. (“n2p”), an award of DSUs representing 0.3875% of the outstanding stock of n2p, and will be entitled to participate in any broad-based equity grants to the Company’s employees. In addition, Mr. Pereira will be entitled to receive a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial milestones, as set forth in the Pereira Agreement; three of these milestones were achieved, for which the Company issued to Mr. Pereira 39,155 shares of its Class B common stock in Fiscal 2024, an additional 39,155 shares of its Class B common stock in Fiscal 2025 and a $500,000 bonus for hitting one of the milestones in Fiscal 2025. Should Mr. Pereira’s employment be terminated without Cause or should he resign for Good Reason (as such terms are defined in the Pereira Agreement), the Company will be obligated to pay to Mr. Pereira severance of $800,000. The Pereira Agreement continues through January 31, 2027, or until it is terminated by either the Company or Mr. Pereira. In the event that Mr. Pereira is employed by the Company through but not after January 31, 2027 because the Pereira Agreement has expired and his employment has not been continued after January 31, 2027 on any terms, including resignation by Mr. Pereira, the $800,000 Severance will additionally include a pro-rated portion (based on the portion of fiscal year 2027 during which he was employed) of his target bonus for fiscal year 2027.

Marcelo Fischer: On November 13, 2008, Marcelo Fischer and the Company entered into a Confidential Release and Retention Agreement, which is described below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control.”

Howard S. Jonas: Effective January 1, 2021, the Company and Howard S. Jonas entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Fifth Revised Jonas Agreement”) with an initial term from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, which automatically extends for additional one-year periods unless prior notice is given by either party, which has not occurred. Pursuant to the Fifth Revised Jonas Agreement, Howard S. Jonas receives (i) an annual cash base salary of $250,000 for his role as senior advisor to the Chief Executive Officer and, if so designated by the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board of the Company and (ii) discretionary bonuses approved by the Chief Executive Officer or the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

In addition, including pursuant to their employment agreements, executives are eligible to receive bonuses based upon performance, including the specific financial and other goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors as described above in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table sets forth information concerning the number of shares of Class B Common Stock underlying stock options, restricted shares of Class B Common Stock and deferred stock units granted to the Named Executive Officers in Fiscal 2025 as Plan-based awards. All of the following equity awards were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan or the 2024 Plan. There are no estimated future payouts in connection with such awards.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth all equity awards made to each of the Named Executive Officers that were outstanding at the end of Fiscal 2025. All of the following equity awards were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan or the 2024 Plan.

Option Exercises and Stock and Deferred Stock Units Vested

The following table sets forth information regarding the stock options exercised and the deferred stock units and restricted shares of Class B Common Stock that vested for each of the Named Executive Officers in Fiscal 2025.

CEO Pay Ratio

In accordance with SEC rules, we are providing the ratio of the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer to the annual total compensation of our median employee. The Fiscal 2025 annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, Shmuel Jonas, is $1,479,253; the Fiscal 2025 annual total compensation of our median compensated employee is $32,225, and the ratio of these amounts is 45.9 to 1.

The Company identified the median compensated employee by examining the Fiscal 2025 total cash compensation and the approved value of the annual equity awards granted during Fiscal 2025 for all individuals, excluding its Chief Executive Officer, who were employed by the Company on July 31, 2025, the last day of its fiscal payroll year. The Company included all employees, whether employed on a full-time, part-time, or seasonal basis. The Company did not make any assumptions, adjustments, or estimates with respect to total cash compensation, and it did not annualize the compensation for any full-time employees that were not employed by the Company for all of Fiscal 2025. For employees paid in currencies other than U.S. Dollars, compensation was converted to U.S. Dollars using the average of the applicable monthly exchange rate from August 1, 2024 to July 31, 2025. Because the SEC rules for identifying the median compensated employee and calculating the pay ratio based on that employee’s annual total compensation allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, to apply certain exclusions, and to make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their compensation practices, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported above, as other companies may have different employment and compensation practices and may utilize different methodologies, exclusions, estimates, and assumptions in calculating their own pay ratios

After identifying the median compensated employee, we calculated annual total compensation for such employee using the same methodology we use for our Named Executive Officers as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table, above.

As illustrated in the table below, the Fiscal 2025 pay ratio for the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer to the annual total compensation of our median employee is 45.9 to 1.

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE-IN-CONTROL

Bill Pereira: Under the terms of the Pereira Agreement, in the event of Mr. Pereira’s death or disability, the Company shall pay Mr. Pereira or his estate a death/disability benefit equal to $800,000, one-half to be paid within ten (10) days of termination, and one-half to be paid monthly in equal installments over the six-month period following the date of the initial payment. If Mr. Pereira is terminated without “cause,” or if he voluntarily terminates his employment with “good reason,” each as defined in the Pereira Agreement, (i) he is entitled to a payment equal to $800,000; one-half paid upon ten days after the effective date of a release agreement and one-half paid monthly over the following six-month period and (ii) all awards granted under the Company’s incentive plan shall vest (and the restrictions thereon lapse). A “change in control” is deemed to be “good reason” under the Second Pereira Agreement. Mr. Pereira has agreed not to compete with the Company for a period of one year following the termination of his agreement.

Marcelo Fischer: On November 13, 2008, Mr. Fischer and the Company entered into a Confidential Release and Retention Agreement (the “Fischer Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company shall pay Mr. Fischer (or his estate) a severance payment of $550,000 in the event he is terminated without “cause,” as defined in the Fischer Agreement, or in the event of Mr. Fischer’s death or disability. Mr. Fischer has agreed not to compete with the Company for a period of one year following the termination of his employment.

Howard S. Jonas: Under the terms of the Fifth Revised Jonas Agreement, in the event of Howard S. Jonas’ death or disability, or in the event the Company terminates Howard S. Jonas’ employment without “cause” or Howard S. Jonas voluntarily terminates his employment with “good reason,” which includes a “change in control,” any unvested restricted shares of Class B Common Stock or other equity award granted in connection with Howard S. Jonas’ service to the Company shall vest. In the event of Howard S. Jonas’ death or disability, or in the event the Company terminates Howard S. Jonas’ employment without “cause” or Howard S. Jonas voluntarily terminates his employment with “good reason,” which includes a “change in control,” the Company shall pay Howard S. Jonas’ estate a lump sum payment equal to twelve (12) months of Howard S. Jonas’ annual base salary (at the rate in effect on the date of his death). Howard S. Jonas has agreed not to compete with the Company for a period of one year following the termination of his agreement (other than termination of his employment for “good reason” or by the Company other than for “cause”).

All Named Executive Officers: All severance payments are contingent on Named Executive Officers executing the Company’s standard release agreement.

The Named Executive Officers are subject to the Company’s Severance Pay and Plan Document (the “Severance Plan”), which was amended and restated on February 19, 2019. Under the Severance Plan, U.S. employees who are terminated without cause are entitled in specific instances, as set forth in the Severance Plan, to severance payments as follows: employees shall receive four weeks of severance pay for each completed year of service up to August 1, 2009 and two weeks for each completed period of service on or after August 1, 2009. Such severance payments are equal to 100% of the employee’s base salary for weeks one through twenty, 80% of the employee’s base salary for weeks twenty-one through twenty-six, and 60% of the employee’s base salary for weeks twenty-seven through forty. Severance payments are capped at forty weeks. If a Named Executive Officer is entitled to a greater severance payment pursuant to an agreement, the greater severance payment shall control.

The following table sets forth quantitative information with respect to potential payments to be made to each of the Named Executive Officers upon termination in various circumstances and/or a change in control of the Company (each an “Event”). The following table assumes the Event took place on July 31, 2025 for each of the Named Executive Officers and uses the closing price of Class B Common Stock on July 31, 2025, the last trading day in Fiscal 2025 ($58.91). The potential payments are based on agreements entered into by Named Executive Officers with the Company, discussed above, the 2015 Plan, the 2024 Plan and the Severance Plan.

Policies and Practices Related to the Timing of Grants of Certain Equity Awards

It is the Compensation Committee’s practice to consider and approve ordinary course annual equity grants for the Company’s executive officers at its regularly scheduled meeting held in September of each year. At this meeting, the Compensation Committee approves the portion of each named executive officer’s annual equity award that will be granted in the form of stock options, if any.

Pay vs. Performance

The following table presents compensation information for Shmuel Jonas, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and the average compensation information for the other individuals named in the summary compensation table, as well as certain measures relating to Company performance.