Table of Contents


1	Executive Summary		1-1
	1.1	Introduction	1-1
	1.2	Terms of Reference	1-1
	1.3	Property Setting	1-1
	1.4	Mineral Tenure, Surface Rights, Water Rights, Royalties and Agreements	1-2
	1.5	Geology and Mineralization	1-2
	1.6	History and Exploration	1-3
	1.7	Drilling and Sampling	1-3
	1.7.1	Drilling	1-3
	1.7.2	Hydrology and Hydrogeology	1-3
	1.7.3	Geotechnical	1-4
	1.7.4	Sampling	1-4
	1.8	Data Verification	1-5
	1.9	Metallurgical Testwork	1-5
	1.10	Mineral Resource Estimation	1-6
	1.10.1	Estimation Methodology	1-6
	1.10.2	Mineral Resource Statement	1-7
	1.11	Mineral Reserve Estimation	1-8
	1.11.1	Estimation Methodology	1-8
	1.11.2	Mineral Reserve Statement	1-9
	1.12	Mining Methods	1-9
	1.13	Recovery Methods	1-11
	1.14	Project Infrastructure	1-12
	1.15	Markets and Contracts	1-13
	1.16	Environmental, Permitting and Social Considerations	1-14
	1.16.1	Environmental Studies and Monitoring	1-14
	1.16.2	Closure and Reclamation Considerations	1-14
	1.16.3	Permitting	1-15
	1.16.4	Social Considerations, Plans, Negotiations and Agreements	1-15
	1.17	Capital Cost Estimates	1-15
	1.18	Operating Cost Estimates	1-16
	1.19	Economic Analysis	1-18
	1.19.1	Forward-Looking Information Caution	1-18
	1.19.2	Methodology and Assumptions	1-18
	1.19.3	Economic Analysis	1-20
	1.19.4	Sensitivity Analysis	1-20
	1.20	Risks and Opportunities	1-20


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page i


	1.21	Conclusions	1-21
	1.22	Recommendations	1-21
	1.22.1	Geomechanical	1-21
	1.22.2	Environmental	1-21
	1.22.3	Tailings	1-21
	1.22.4	Water Discharge Licence	1-21

2	Introduction		2-1
	2.1	Registrant	2-1
	2.2	Terms of Reference	2-1
	2.2.1	Report Purpose	2-1
	2.2.2	Terms of Reference	2-1
	2.3	Qualified Persons	2-1
	2.4	Site Visits and Scope of Personal Inspection	2-1
	2.5	Report Date	2-2
	2.6	Information Sources and References	2-2
	2.7	Previous Technical Report Summaries	2-3

3	Property description and location		3-1
	3.1	Introduction	3-1
	3.2	Property and Title in Peru	3-1
	3.2.1	Overview	3-1
	3.2.2	Mineral Tenure	3-1
	3.2.3	Surface Rights	3-2
	3.2.4	Water Rights	3-2
	3.2.5	Environmental Considerations	3-3
	3.2.6	Permits	3-3
	3.2.7	Other Considerations	3-4
	3.3	Project Ownership	3-4
	3.3.1	Ownership History	3-4
	3.3.2	Current Ownership	3-4
	3.4	Mineral Title	3-4
	3.5	Surface Rights	3-4
	3.6	Water Rights	3-8
	3.7	Royalties	3-8
	3.8	Encumbrances	3-8
	3.8.1	Permitting Requirements	3-8
	3.8.2	Violations and Fines	3-8
	3.9	Significant Factors and Risks That May Affect Access, Title or Work Programs	3-9

4	Accessibility, climate, local resources, infrastructure and physiography		4-1
	4.1	Physiography	4-1


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page ii


	4.1.1	Elevation	4-1
	4.1.2	Topography	4-1
	4.1.3	Vegetation	4-1
	4.2	Accessibility	4-1
	4.3	Climate	4-3
	4.3.1	Climate	4-3
	4.3.2	Length of Operating Season	4-4
	4.4	Infrastructure	4-4
	4.4.1	Water	4-4
	4.4.2	Electricity	4-4
	4.4.3	Personnel	4-4
	4.4.4	Supplies	4-4

5	History		5-1
	5.1	Exploration History	5-1

6	Geological setting, mineralization, and deposit		6-1
	6.1	Deposit Type	6-1
	6.2	Regional Geology	6-1
	6.3	Local Geology	6-1
	6.3.1	Lithologies	6-1
	6.3.2	Structure	6-1
	6.4	Property Geology	6-1
	6.4.1.1	Deposit Dimensions	6-5
	6.4.1.2	Lithologies	6-5
	6.4.1.3	Structure	6-5
	6.4.1.4	Alteration	6-5
	6.4.1.5	Mineralization	6-5

7	Exploration		7-1
	7.1	Exploration	7-1
	7.1.1	Grids and Surveys	7-1
	7.1.2	Geological Mapping	7-1
	7.1.3	Geochemistry	7-1
	7.1.4	Geophysics	7-1
	7.1.5	Petrology, Mineralogy, and Research Studies	7-1
	7.1.6	Qualified Person’s Interpretation of the Exploration Information	7-4
	7.1.7	Exploration Potential	7-4
	7.2	Drilling	7-5
	7.2.1	Overview	7-5
	7.2.1.1	Drilling on Property	7-5
	7.2.1.2	Drilling Supporting Mineral Resource Estimates	7-6


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page iii


	7.2.1.3	Drilling Excluded for Estimation Purposes	7-6
	7.2.2	Drill Methods	7-6
	7.2.3	Logging	7-6
	7.2.4	Recovery	7-6
	7.2.5	Collar Surveys	7-6
	7.2.6	Down Hole Surveys	7-10
	7.2.7	Comment on Material Results and Interpretation	7-11
	7.3	Hydrogeology	7-11
	7.3.1	Sampling Methods and Laboratory Determinations	7-11
	7.3.2	Comment on Results	7-11
	7.3.3	Groundwater Models	7-11
	7.4	Geotechnical	7-12
	7.4.1	Sampling Methods and Laboratory Determinations	7-12
	7.4.2	Comment on Results	7-14

8	Sample preparation, analyses, and security		8-1
	8.1	Sampling Methods	8-1
	8.2	Sample Security Methods	8-1
	8.3	Density Determinations	8-1
	8.4	Analytical and Test Laboratories	8-1
	8.5	Sample Preparation	8-2
	8.6	Analysis	8-2
	8.7	Quality Assurance and Quality Control	8-2
	8.8	Database	8-4
	8.9	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Sample Preparation, Security, and Analytical Procedures	8-4

9	Data verification		9-1
	9.1	Internal Data Verification	9-1
	9.2	External Data Verification	9-1
	9.3	Data Verification by Qualified Person	9-1
	9.4	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Data Adequacy	9-1

10	Mineral processing and metallurgical testing		10-1
	10.1	Introduction	10-1
	10.2	Test Laboratories	10-1
	10.3	Metallurgical Testwork	10-1
	10.3.1	Historical Test Programs	10-1
	10.3.2	2021 Study Test Programs (2019–2020)	10-1
	10.3.3	Studies and Testwork During 2021.	10-2
	10.3.3.1	First Stage—Tailings Characterization	10-2
	10.3.3.2	Second Stage—Process Validation and Variability Program	10-2
	10.3.3.3	Sample Representativity	10-2


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page iv


	10.3.3.4	Gold Geometallurgical Model	10-3
	10.3.3.5	Silver Geometallurgical Model:	10-3
	10.3.3.6	BWi Geometallurgical Model:	10-3
	10.4	Metallurgical Results as Basis for the 2021 Study Design	10-3
	10.4.1	Ore Characteristics	10-3
	10.4.2	Comminution	10-3
	10.4.3	Gravity Concentration	10-7
	10.4.4	Carbon-in-Leach	10-7
	10.4.5	Cyanide Destruction	10-8
	10.4.6	De-watering Tests	10-8
	10.5	Metallurgical Design Basis	10-8
	10.6	Deleterious Elements	10-8
	10.7	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Data Adequacy	10-9

11	Mineral resource estimates		11-1
	11.1	Introduction	11-1
	11.2	Exploratory Data Analysis	11-1
	11.3	Geological Models	11-1
	11.4	Density Assignment	11-1
	11.5	Grade Capping/Outlier Restrictions	11-2
	11.6	Composites	11-2
	11.7	Variography	11-2
	11.8	Estimation/interpolation Methods	11-2
	11.9	Validation	11-2
	11.10	Confidence Classification of Mineral Resource Estimate	11-3
	11.11	Reasonable Prospects of Economic Extraction	11-3
	11.11.1	Input Assumptions	11-3
	11.11.2	Commodity Prices	11-4
	11.11.3	Cut-off	11-4
	11.12	Mineral Resource Statement	11-4
	11.13	Uncertainties (Factors) That May Affect the Mineral Resource Estimate	11-5

12	Mineral reserve estimates		12-1
	12.1	Introduction	12-1
	12.2	Development of Mining Case	12-1
	12.3	Dilution and Mine Recovery	12-2
	12.4	Cut-Off Grades	12-2
	12.5	Mineral Reserve Statement	12-2
	12.6	Uncertainties (Factors) That May Affect the Mineral Reserve Estimate	12-2

13	Mining methods		13-1
	13.1	Geotechnical Considerations	13-1


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page v


	13.2	Hydrogeological Considerations	13-1
	13.3	Operations	13-1
	13.3.1	Mining Method Selection	13-1
	13.3.2	Design Assumptions and Design Criteria	13-1
	13.4	Ventilation	13-2
	13.5	Blasting and Explosives	13-2
	13.6	Underground Sampling and Production Monitoring	13-2
	13.7	Production Schedule	13-2
	13.7.1	Production Schedule	13-2
	13.7.2	Mining Sequence	13-2
	13.8	Backfill	13-3
	13.9	Equipment	13-7
	13.10	Personnel	13-7

14	Recovery methods		14-1
	14.1	Process Method Selection	14-1
	14.2	Process Plant	14-1
	14.2.1	Flowsheet	14-1
	14.2.2	Plant Design	14-1
	14.2.3	Equipment Sizing	14-3
	14.2.4	Power and Consumables	14-3
	14.2.5	Personnel	14-4

15	Infrastructure		15-1
	15.1	Introduction	15-1
	15.2	Roads and Logistics	15-1
	15.3	Seismicity Assessment	15-1
	15.4	Stockpiles and Waste Rock Storage Facilities	15-1
	15.5	Filtered Tailings Storage Facilities	15-1
	15.6	Water Management	15-5
	15.7	Built Infrastructure	15-5
	15.8	Camps and Accommodation	15-5
	15.9	Power and Electrical	15-5
	15.10	Water Supply	15-6

16	Market studies and contracts		16-1
	16.1	Markets	16-1
	16.1.1	Gold Market Overview	16-1
	16.1.2	Gold Supply and Demand	16-1
	16.1.3	Silver Supply and Demand	16-1
	16.1.4	Doré Marketability	16-3
	16.1.5	San Gabriel Marketability Considerations.	16-3


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page vi


	16.2	Commodity Price Forecasts	16-3
	16.3	Contracts	16-3

17	Environmental studies, permitting, and plans, negotiations, or agreements with local individuals or groups		17-1
	17.1	Introduction	17-1
	17.2	Baseline and Supporting Studies	17-1
	17.3	Environmental Considerations/Monitoring Programs	17-1
	17.4	Water Management	17-2
	17.5	Closure and Reclamation Considerations	17-2
	17.6	Permitting	17-2
	17.7	Social Considerations, Plans, Negotiations and Agreements	17-3
	17.8	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Adequacy of Current Plans to Address Issues	17-8

18	Capital and operating costs		18-1
	18.1	Introduction	18-1
	18.2	Capital Cost Estimates	18-1
	18.2.1	Basis of Estimate	18-1
	18.2.2	Material Costs	18-2
	18.2.3	Contingency	18-2
	18.2.4	Mine Capital Costs	18-2
	18.2.5	Process Capital Costs	18-3
	18.2.6	Owner (Corporate) Capital Costs	18-4
	18.2.7	Closure Costs	18-4
	18.2.8	Capital Cost Summary	18-4
	18.3	Operating Cost Estimates	18-6
	18.3.1	Basis of Estimate	18-6
	18.3.2	Mine Operating Costs	18-6
	18.3.3	Process Operating Costs	18-7
	18.3.4	Infrastructure Operating Costs	18-7
	18.3.5	General and Administrative Operating Costs	18-7
	18.3.6	Operating Cost Summary	18-7

19	Economic analysis		19-1
	19.1	Forward-looking Information Caution	19-1
	19.2	Methodology Used	19-1
	19.3	Financial Model Parameters	19-1
	19.3.1	Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve, and Mine Life	19-1
	19.3.2	Metallurgical Recoveries	19-1
	19.3.3	Smelting and Refining Terms	19-1
	19.3.4	Metal Prices	19-2
	19.3.5	Capital Costs	19-2


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page vii


	19.3.6	Operating Costs	19-2
	19.3.7	Royalties	19-2
	19.3.8	Depreciation	19-2
	19.3.9	Taxes	19-2
	19.3.9.1	Income tax	19-3
	19.3.9.2	Depreciation and Amortization	19-3
	19.3.9.3	Value Added Tax	19-3
	19.3.9.4	Special Mining Tax	19-3
	19.3.9.5	Worker’s Profit Sharing	19-3
	19.3.10	Closure Costs and Salvage Value	19-3
	19.3.11	Working Capital	19-3
	19.3.12	Closure and Reclamation	19-3
	19.3.13	Financing	19-3
	19.3.14	Inflation	19-3
	19.4	Economic Analysis	19-4
	19.5	Sensitivity Analysis	19-4

20	Adjacent properties		20-1

21	Other relevant data and information		21-1

22	Interpretation and conclusions		22-1
	22.1	Introduction	22-1
	22.2	Mineral Tenure, Surface Rights, Water Rights, Royalties and Agreements	22-1
	22.3	Geology and Mineralization	22-1
	22.4	Exploration, Drilling and Analytical Data Collection in Support of Mineral Resource Estimation	22-2
	22.5	Metallurgical Testwork	22-2
	22.6	Mineral Resource Estimates	22-3
	22.7	Mineral Reserve Estimates	22-3
	22.8	Mining Methods	22-4
	22.9	Recovery Methods	22-4
	22.10	Infrastructure	22-5
	22.11	Market Studies	22-5
	22.12	Environmental, Permitting and Social Considerations	22-5
	22.13	Capital Cost Estimates	22-6
	22.14	Operating Cost Estimates	22-7
	22.15	Economic Analysis	22-7
	22.16	Risks and Opportunities	22-7
	22.17	Conclusions	22-8

23	Recommendations		23-1
	23.1	Introduction	23-1
	23.1.1	Geomechanical	23-1


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page viii


	23.1.2	Environmental	23-1
	23.1.3	Tailings	23-1
	23.1.4	Water Discharge Licence	23-1

24	References		24-1

25	Reliance on the registrant		25-1
	25.1	Introduction	25-1
	25.2	Macroeconomic Trends	25-1
	25.3	Markets	25-1
	25.4	Legal Matters	25-1
	25.5	Environmental Matters	25-1
	25.6	Stakeholder Accommodations	25-2
	25.7	Governmental Factors	25-2

List of Tables


Table 1-1:	Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Statement	1-8
Table 1-2:	Inferred Mineral Resource Statement	1-8
Table 1-3:	Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve Statement	1-10
Table 1-4:	Capital Cost Estimate Summary	1-17
Table 1-5:	Operating Cost Estimate Summary	1-19
Table 1-6:	Cashflow Summary Table	1-21
Table 2-1:	Ausenco Site Visits	2-3
Table 3-1:	Mineral Tenure Table	3-5
Table 3-2:	Water Rights	3-9
Table 5-1:	Exploration and Development History Summary Table	5-2
Table 7-1:	Geophysical Surveys	7-3
Table 7-2:	Property Drill Summary Table	7-7
Table 7-3:	Rock Mass Rating	7-15
Table 8-1:	Analytical Methods, ALS Lima	8-3
Table 8-2:	QA/QC Insertion Rates	8-3
Table 8-3:	QA/QC Results	8-4
Table 10-1:	2021 Testwork and Studies Reports	10-3
Table 10-2:	Predicted Gold Recoveries by Geometallurgical Domain	10-4
Table 10-3:	Predicted Silver Recoveries by Geometallurgical Domain	10-5


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page ix


Table 10-4:	BWI Metallurgical Model	10-5
Table 10-5:	Ore Characteristics	10-7
Table 10-6:	Ore Comminution Parameters	10-7
Table 10-7:	Reagent Consumptions – Cyanide Destruction	10-9
Table 11-1:	Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Statement	11-5
Table 11-2:	Inferred Mineral Resource Statement	11-5
Table 12-1:	NSR Input Parameters	12-3
Table 12-2:	Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve Statement	12-4
Table 13-1:	Ventilation Requirements by Stage	13-4
Table 13-2:	Drilling and Blasting Proposed General Configuration	13-6
Table 13-3:	Equipment Fleet Requirements	13-8
Table 15-1:	Infrastructure Requirements	15-2
Table 15-2:	Stockpile and Waste Rock Storage Facilities	15-4
Table 15-3:	Built Infrastructure	15-6
Table 16-1:	Gold Price Forecast	16-4
Table 16-2:	Silver Price Forecast	16-4
Table 17-1:	Permits Required for Construction	17-4
Table 17-2:	Permits Required for Operation	17-5
Table 17-3:	Critical Path Permits	17-6
Table 18-1:	Initial Capital Cost	18-3
Table 18-2:	Capital Cost Summary	18-5
Table 18-3:	Operating Cost Estimate by Cost Center (Year 1 to Year 7)	18-8
Table 18-4:	Operating Cost Estimate by Cost Center (Year 8 to Year 14 and LOM)	18-9
Table 19-1:	Cashflow Summary Table	19-5
Table 19-2:	Cashflow Analysis on an Annualized Basis (Year -3 to Year 6)	19-6
Table 19-3:	Cashflow Analysis on an Annualized Basis (Year 7 to Year 14)	19-7
Table 19-4:	NPV Sensitivity	19-8
Table 19-5:	IRR Sensitivity	19-8

List of Figures

Figure 1-1:	Proposed Production Plan	1-11
Figure 2-1:	Project Location Plan	2-2


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page x


Figure 3-1:	Mineral Tenure Plan	3-6
Figure 3-2:	Surface Rights Plan	3-7
Figure 4-1:	Personnel Transport Route Alternatives	4-2
Figure 4-2:	Freight Transport Route Alternatives	4-3
Figure 6-1:	Regional Geology Plan	6-2
Figure 6-2:	Stratigraphic Column	6-3
Figure 6-3:	Schematic Cross-Section Through the San Gabriel Deposit and Ichuña Basement High	6-4
Figure 6-4:	Deposit Stratigraphy	6-6
Figure 6-5:	Geology Plan	6-7
Figure 6-6:	Geological Cross-Section, SGB-41	6-8
Figure 7-1:	Geochemical Sample Location Plan, Canahuire Area	7-2
Figure 7-2:	Geophysical Survey Location Plan	7-4
Figure 7-3:	Prospects Location Map	7-5
Figure 7-4:	Property Drill Collar Location Plan	7-9
Figure 7-5:	Drill Collar Location Plan for Drilling Supporting Mineral Resource Estimates	7-10
Figure 7-6:	Predicted Mine Water Inflows	7-12
Figure 7-7:	Drill Hole Location Plan, Geotechnical Drilling Program	7-13
Figure 7-8:	RMR Block Model, Isometric View	7-13
Figure 7-9:	Insitu Stress Model and Measurements	7-14
Figure 10-1:	Gold Forecast Recovery Map	10-4
Figure 10-2:	Silver Forecast Recovery Map	10-5
Figure 10-3:	BWI Forecast Recovery Map, Elevation view	10-6
Figure 13-1:	Schematic, Ramps and Main Access Levels	13-4
Figure 13-2:	Ventilation Schematic, South Zone	13-5
Figure 13-3:	Ventilation Schematic, North Zone	13-5
Figure 13-4:	Forecast Production Schedule	13-6
Figure 13-5:	LOM Mining Sequence	13-7
Figure 14-1:	Process Flowsheet	14-2
Figure 15-1:	Infrastructure Layout Plan	15-3
Figure 16-1:	Gold Value Chain	16-2
Figure 16-2:	CRU Gold Price Chart and Forecast	16-2
Figure 16-3:	CRU Silver Price Chart and Forecast	16-2

\{ind 36\}


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xi

Agnitia Consultores S.A.C.

Av. Alameda del Corregidor 705

Urb. La Molina Vieja, Lima 15024

CONSENT OF THIRD-PARTY FIRM

We, Agnitia Consultores S.A.C (“AGNITIA”), a “qualified person” for purposes of Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as promulged by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“S-K 1300”). In connection with the filing of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Annual Report”), consent to:

●

the public filing and use of the technical report summary titled “San Gabriel Project (Southern Peru) Technical Report Summary” with an effective date of 31 December 2021 (the “Technical Report Summary”), as an exhibit to and referenced in the Annual Report;

●

the use of and reference to our name, including our status as an expert or “qualified person” (as defined in S-K 1300), in connection with the Annual Report and the Technical Report Summary; and

●

the information derived, summarized, quoted or referenced from those sections of the Technical Report Summary, or portions thereof, for which AGNITIA is responsible that is included or incorporated by reference in the Annual Report.

This consent pertains to the following sections of the Technical Report Summary:

●

[1.1, 1.2, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.17, 1.18, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 2.3, 2.4, 12, 13, 15.10, 18.2.4, 18.2.8, 18.3.2, 22.7, 22.8, 22.10, 22.13, 22.14, 22.17, 23.1.1, 24, and 25.1]


April 04, 2022


Signature of Authorized Person for
Agnitia Consultores S.A.C.


GABRIEL PAIS CERNA M.Sc; QP #0258
ROPO: Chilean Mining Commission
Print name of Authorized Person for
Agnitia Consultores S.A.C.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xiii

Ausenco Perú S.A.C.

Av. Javier Prado Este 444, Urb. Jardin

Piso 8, San Isidro, Lima 27

CONSENT OF AUSENCO PERÚ S.A.C.

We, Ausenco Perú S.A.C. (“Ausenco”), in connection with the filing of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Annual Report”), consent to:

●

the filing of the technical report summary titled “San Gabriel Project (Southern Peru) Technical Report Summary” with an effective date of 31 December 2021 (the “Technical Report Summary”), as an exhibit to and referenced in the Annual Report;

●

the use of and reference to our name, in connection with the Annual Report and the Technical Report Summary; and

●

the information derived, summarized, quoted or referenced from those sections of the Technical Report Summary, or portions thereof, for which Ausenco is responsible that is included or incorporated by reference in the Annual Report.

This consent pertains to the following sections of the Technical Report Summary:

●

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.9, 1.13, 1.14, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 2; 3; 5; 10, 14, 15, 18.1, 18.2.1, 18.2.2, 18.2.3, 18.2.5, 18.2.6, 18.2.7, 18.2.8, 18.3.1, 18.3.3, 18.3.4, 18.3.5, 18.3.6, 19, 20, 21, 22.1, 22.2, 22.5, 22.9, 22.10, 22.12, 22.13, 22.14, 22.15, 22.16, 22.17, 23.1.2, 23.1.3, 23.1.4, 24, and 25.


April 26, 2022



Signature of Authorized Person for
Ausenco Perú S.A.C.


Daniel Diaz Del Olmo
Print name of Authorized Person for
Ausenco Perú S.A.C.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xiv

CONSENT

I, Manuel A. Hernández, a “qualified person” for purposes of Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“S-K 1300”). In connection with Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, and any amendments or supplements and/or exhibits thereto (collectively, the “Form 20-F”), consent to:

●

the public filing and use of the technical report summary titled “San Gabriel Project (Southern Peru) Technical Report Summary” (the “Technical Report Summary”), with an effective date of December 31, 2021, as an exhibit to and referenced in the Company’s Form 20-F;

●

the use of and references to my name, including my status as an expert or “qualified person” (as defined in S-K 1300), in connection with the Form 20-F and any such Technical Report Summary; and

●

the use of information derived, summarized, quoted or referenced from the Technical Report Summary, or portions thereof, that was prepared by me, that I supervised the preparation of and/or that was reviewed and approved by me, that is included or incorporated by reference in the Form 20-F.

I am a qualified person responsible for authoring, and this consent pertains to, the following sections of the Technical Report Summary:

●

Section 1.15, 16, 19.3.3, 19.3.4 and 22.11.

Signature of Authorized Person

Name: Manuel A. Hernández Fellow AusIMM - Member 306576

Title: Civil Mining Engineer


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xv

INSIDEO S.A.C.

Avenida Primavera 643, Oficina SS 103

San Borja, Lima 41

CONSENT OF INSIDEO S.A.C.

We, INSIDEO S.A.C. (“INSIDEO”), in connection with the filing of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Annual Report”), consent to:

●

the use of and reference to our name, including our status as an expert, in connection with the Annual Report and the Technical Report Summary; and

●

the information derived, summarized, quoted or referenced from those sections of the Technical Report Summary, or portions thereof, for which INSIDEO is responsible that is included or incorporated by reference in the Annual Report.

This consent pertains to the following sections of the Technical Report Summary:

●

1.16, 4, 17 and 22.12.

April 14th, 2022



LORENA VIALE MONGRUT INGENIERA AMBIENTAL Reg. CIP N 92716
Signature of Authorized Person for
INSIDEO S.A.C.



Lorena Viale Mongrut
Print name of Authorized Person for
INSIDEO Perú S.A.C.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xvi

SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A.

Av. La Paz 1227

Miraflores, Lima 15074, Perú

T: +511 2065900

E: srk@srk.com.pe

https://www.srk.com

CONSENT OF SRK CONSULTING (PERU) S.A.

SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A. (“SRK”), a “qualified person” for purposes of Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“S-K 1300”), in connection with Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31st, 2021 and any amendments or supplements and/or exhibits thereto (collectively, the “Form 20-F”), consent to:

●

the public filing by the Company and use of the technical report titled “San Gabriel Project, S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary, Preliminary Feasibility Study” (the “Technical Report Summary”), with an effective date of December 31st, 2021, which was prepared in accordance with S-K 1300, as an exhibit to and referenced in the Annual Report:

●

the use of and references to SRK, including the status as an expert “qualified person” (as defined in Sub-Part S-K 1300), in connection with the Form 20-F and any such Technical Report Summary; and

●

the use of information derived, summarized, quoted or referenced from those sections of Technical Report Summary, or portions thereof, for which SRK is responsible and which is included or incorporated by reference in the Annual Report.

SRK is responsible for authoring, and this consent pertains to, the following sections of the Technical Report Summary:

●

1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.10, 1.21, 1.22, 2.4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22.3, 22.4, 22.6 and corresponding sub-sections of References (Section 24) and Reliance on Information Supplied by Registrant (Section 25)


Dated this April 15th, 2022


Angel Mondragon
SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A. - Director



Antonio Samaniego
SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A. - Director

Oficinas del Grupo: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europa, Norteamérica y Sudamérica


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page xvii

1	Executive Summary

1.1	Introduction

This technical report summary (the Report) was prepared for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (Buenaventura) on the San Gabriel Project (the Project) in southern Peru.

1.2	Terms of Reference

The Report was prepared to support mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates for the San Gabriel Project and provide the results of a mining study completed in December 2021 (the 2021 Study).

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial values are reported in US currency, while the metric system has been used for units of measure.

Mineral resources and mineral reserves are reported using the definitions in Subpart 229.1300 – Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations in Regulation S–K 1300 (SK1300).

The Report uses Canadian English.

1.3	Property Setting

The San Gabriel Project is located in the Ichuña district, in the General Sánchez Cerro Province of the and Moquegua Region ion southern Peru, around 837 km directly southeast of Lima and 116 km directly northeast of Moquegua.

The Project can be accessed from the cities of Arequipa, Moquegua and Juliaca via a mixture of paved and unpaved roads:

The climate in the Project area is Andean tundra type, with the average annual temperature about 7ºC, and average annual rainfall of approximately 595 mm, split between a dry and a rainy season. Underground mining and processing operations will be conducted all year-round.

The Project covers elevations ranging from 4,450 masl to 5,000 masl. The deposit is at an elevation of about 4,780 masl. The topography is rugged, consisting of fluvial and glacial valleys and steep mountain slopes. Vegetation types range from grasslands to wet puna (bofedales). The natural vegetation has been severely affected by livestock grazing, burning, firewood collection and clearance for cultivation.

The closest town to the Project is Ichuña. The main economic activities include agriculture, livestock, services and related jobs. The Project is currently serviced by an operational 22.9 kV transmission line that was installed from the public electricity grid, servicing the mine services (1 MVA) and the Agani advance camp (650 kVA). The transmission line will continue to be used during the Project construction phase. Exploration activities preferentially hire labour from the local communities. During construction and mine operations, Buenaventura plans to preferentially hire qualified or unskilled personnel from the populations within the Project area of influence, including C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua, and C.C. Corire and the Ichuña District. Where labour is unavailable locally, hiring will be firstly from the region, and only then from beyond the region.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-1

1.4	Mineral Tenure, Surface Rights, Water Rights, Royalties and Agreements

The Project is wholly owned by Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. The Project consists of five mining concessions, covering an area of 3,467.3 ha. Buenaventura complies with the annual payment of the obligations given by the state for the maintenance of the mining property, the license fees and, if applicable, payment of any penalties incurred. Three royalties are payable on the Ichuña 2 IMG concession.

Buenaventura purchased 1,380.15 ha, termed Parcela A, from the Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua Peasant Community (Oyo Oyo community) in 2014 and 778 ha, referred to as Lot C, from the Corire community in 2016, such that Buenaventura currently has a total of 2,158 ha where it controls the surface rights. This surface ownership area is sufficient to allow construction of the required facilities to support the life-of-mine (LOM) plan. Buenaventura is in land purchase discussions with about six landowners for purchase of additional surface rights.

Buenaventura has granted water rights, under Directorial Resolution No. 719-2020-ANA-AAA.CO, to acquire water from two streams for fresh and mining purposes. The Agani dam has been permitted for construction, which will allow for extraction of 8.94 L/sec for mining purposes.

A semi-detailed environmental impact study (EIA-sd) was completed in 2009. This was modified in 2010 (first modification of the EIA-sd), in 2013 (second modification of the EIA-sd), and again in 2015 (third modification of the EIA-sd). The applicable reports supporting the EIA-sds were filed as required. These permits support exploration activities. The Project EIA was approved via a detailed EIA (EIAd) in March 2017, which is valid for five years. No modification to this EIAd is envisaged prior to Project execution. It is important that Project construction works start before March 2022 to stay within the validity period of the approved EIAd. A modification to the EIAd will be required for some of the facilities planned for later in the LOM, such as the second FTSF.

1.5	Geology and Mineralization

The San Gabriel deposit shows many of the characteristics of an intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit.

An inlier of folded and faulted basement Jurassic-Cretaceous siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks of the Yura Group forms a basement high in the Ichuña District. It is overlain by a cover sequence of Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary) volcaniclastic sediments and lavas.

Mineralization is hosted in Jurassic–Cretaceous Yura Group sediments, with dark grey limestones and interbedded clastic rocks of the Gramadal Formation hosting the most continuous replacement-style alteration and mineralization. The San Gabriel deposit is approximately 3,000 m long, 250 m wide, and averages 170 m in thickness. It has been drill tested to a depth of 700 m.

The deposit lies in an open anticlinal hinge zone located on the normal limb of a north to north–northeast verging overturned anticline. A network of steep faults at San Gabriel creates a sinistral–normal dilational jog. Within this jog are a series of secondary structures that are associated with the gold–silver mineralization. Elevated gold grades are associated with northwest- and east–west-trending faults, whereas higher silver grades appear to be associated with conjugate west–northwest extensional fault systems.

An early copper–silver mineralization stage is characterized by pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite. It occurs as cement filling open spaces in breccias, as replacement in limestones of the Gramadal Formation, and as veins and veinlets in clastic units within the Gramadal Formation, and sedimentary rocks of the Labra Formation. The principal gold–copper–silver mineralization stage partially replaces the early copper–silver mineralization stage. The gold mineralization is largely hosted in brecciated limestones of the Gramadal Formation, being hosted in polymictic and monomictic breccias.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-2

A number of prospects are considered to retain exploration potential.

1.6	History and Exploration

Exploration activities were conducted by Compañía de Minas del Perú, Goldfields Peru, Canteras del Hallazgo (a joint venture between Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura), and Buenaventura. Work conducted included regional reconnaissance, rock chip, soil and trench sampling, topographic surveys, geological mapping, ground moving loop and fixed loop time-domain electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, gradient induced polarization (IP), pole–dipole and dipole–dipole IP geophysical surveys, airborne (helicopter) magnetic and radiometric geophysical surveys, reverse circulation (RC) and core drilling, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, mining studies, and baseline studies in support of environmental and permitting activities.

1.7	Drilling and Sampling

1.7.1

Drilling

In total, 137,107 m from 524 holes were drilled at the San Gabriel Project, of which 125,188 m (476 holes) focused on the Canahuire deposit (including Canahuire West and drilling to support technical studies). A total of 491 core holes (134,543 m) supports mineral resource estimation. Drilling excluded for estimation purposes includes drilling in prospect areas away from the Canahuire deposit, and drill holes that were abandoned.

Core was primarily used to produce more representative samples as RC drilling often encountered difficulties at depths below the water table. Core diameters included HQ size (63.5 mm core diameter), NQ (47.6 mm), BQ (36.4 mm). RC hole diameters included 4.375’’, 5–5.5”, and 7.25’’, although hole diameters were not consistently recorded.

Average recovery above a 1 g/t Au cut-off is 98.9%. Recoveries were often higher in mineralised zones, where sulphides and siderite alteration cemented core. The lowest recoveries are from the polymictic breccias.

Detailed geological logging was routinely completed on all drill core and RC drilling chips, with regular relogging campaigns undertaken as understanding of the deposit improved. Current logging records information such as weathering, stratigraphy, lithology, alteration, mineralogy, mineralisation, and structure.

Drill collars were picked up by surveyors using total station instruments. Instrumentation used for downhole surveying included Flexit HTMS multi-shot, Reflex Easy Shot, Reflex EZ Trac, and gyroscopic instruments. Downhole surveys were typically taken at 50 m intervals down hole.

1.7.2

Hydrology and Hydrogeology

The general hydrological characterization methodology included complete in-situ hydrological mapping, hydrological characterization of the rock mass, and conceptual hydrodynamic modelling. Hydrological testwork included installation of piezometers in selected boreholes and measurements of the underground water level, water chemical quality, the direction of the water flow, and lithology mapping. Infiltration, pumping, and recovery tests were performed to obtain the hydraulic properties of each rock type in those boreholes.

Laboratories used included ALS-Corplab in Arequipa and JRamon Corp in Lima. All laboratories are independent of Buenaventura (or Goldfields). ALS-Corplab and JRamon are accredited with the National Quality Institute (INACAL) as laboratory numbers LE-029 and LE-028, respectively. Testwork included chemical and physical characteristics, lugeon, slug, pump, development, and recovery tests.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-3

1.7.3

Geotechnical

Geotechnical data collection included rock mass rating (RMR), rock quality designation (RQD), core logging of selected drill holes for geotechnical features, photo re-logging of selected drill core, and geo-location of significant faults and fractures. Testwork included physical properties, point load, elastic constant, indirect tensile, direct cutting, uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial tests and slake durability.

Testwork was performed by a number of independent consultants and institutions, including Pontificia Universidad Católica, Ausenco Vector and Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria. There is no accreditation authority for geotechnical tests.

1.7.4

Sampling

Core sampling intervals varied by drill campaign and operator, ranging from 50 cm to 2 m. RC samples were collected on 1 m intervals. Sample security during the Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura drill campaigns consisted of geological supervision of the sampling process, recording of samples on a laboratory despatch form, and signed receipt of bagged samples at the laboratory.

Density determinations were completed using the wax-coated water immersion method. Density measurements were primarily performed by the SGS Juliaca laboratory (SGS Juliaca), consisting of 5,246 sample determinations. Golder Associates performed measurements on 192 samples. There is no international accreditation for density determinations. Both SGS Juliaca and Golder Associates are and were independent of Buenaventura.

Laboratories used for sample preparation included the SGS laboratories in Puno (SGS Juliaca, used from 2008–2013), and Arequipa (SGS Arequipa; 2016–2017) and the ALS laboratory in Arequipa (ALS Arequipa, 2019 to date). In 2018 there was no drilling program according to information provided by Buenaventura. Laboratories used for analysis included the SGS laboratory in Lima (SGS Lima; primary laboratory from 2008–2017) and the ALS laboratory in Lima (ALS Lima; primary laboratory for eight drill holes in 2009–2010, and primary laboratory from 2019 to date). All laboratories were and are independent of Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura. SGS (Peru) holds ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, NTP-ISO 17020, NTP-ISO 17025 and NTP-ISO 17065 accreditations for selected analytical techniques, and ALS Lima holds ISO 9001 and NTP-ISO 17025 accreditations for selected analytical techniques.

Sample preparation at SGS Puno (Juliaca) consisted of drying the sample (70ºC), crushing to +70% passing -10 mesh (2009–2010), crushing to 80% -10 mesh (2010–2017), and pulverizing to 95% passing 140 µm. Sample preparation at ALS Arequipa (2019 to date) consisted of drying the sample (120ºC), crushing to 90% passing -10 mesh, and pulverizing to 85% passing 75 µm.

The SGS Lima analytical procedure for gold was by fire assay (FA) using an atomic absorption (AA) finish. If the results exceeded 5 ppm, SGS Lima finished with an additional gravimetric analysis. SGS Lima also analysed for a 52-element package using an aqua regia digestion with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) finish. If the results exceeded 100 ppm Ag or 1,000 ppm for arsenic, lead, zinc, or manganese, SGS Lima re-analyzed with an aqua regia digestion and AA finish. ALS Lima used FA/AAS methods for gold, with overlimits reassayed using FA with a gravimetric finish. A multi-element suite was completed using ICP atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) or ICP-MS. Carbon was analysed for using an induction furnace method with infrared spectroscopy. Sulphur analyses were completed using oxidation, induction furnace and infrared spectroscopy and a sulphur analyzer.

Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures included insertion of blank and duplicate samples (2004–2009) and insertion of certified reference materials (CRMs), blanks, and duplicates (2010–2019) to monitor the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical processes. A data review by SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A (SRK) indicated no material issues with the QA/QC results.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-4

Data are currently stored in an acQuire database.

1.8	Data Verification

Buenaventura uses a systematic database formatted program (acQuire) that ensures the integrity of the data, and reduces error in the data entry with requirements and procedures for record data by SIGEO (inhouse software) and GVMapper. Buenaventura´s geologists use a visual validation step prior to data entry. Buenaventura does not have an internal database verification procedure.

External data verification was performed by SRK in 2020, and consisted of checks on selected drill collar locations, down hole surveys, comparison of database assay data entries to laboratory assay certificates. SRK used software data checking routines to check for issues such as overlapping sample intervals, negative or zero intervals, inconsistent collar location data, inconsistent or missing downhole survey data, and intervals of missing intervals of RQD information, overlapping RQD intervals, and intervals with RQD information greater or less than the drill hole length. No significant inconsistencies were found in the database. A cross-validation with the laboratory reports (database vs assay certificates) reached a 98.8% acceptance rate. The inconsistencies were related to rounding, as well as to differences between laboratories as to the detection limit values for analytical techniques.

1.9	Metallurgical Testwork

Metallurgical testwork completed in support of the 2021 Study included gold deportment, variability, grinding and comminution, gravity concentration, intensive leaching, pre-aeration, carbon-in-leach (CIL), flotation, concentrate characterization, cyanidation, cyanide destruction, filtration, and de-watering testwork. Tests were performed on samples considered to be representative of the deposit geometallurgy and mineralogy. Testwork was conducted at SGS Lakefield in Canada (SGS Lakefield), Plenge Laboratories in Lima (Plenge), Pocock Industrial (Pocock), Agnitia, Bureau Veritas, Certimin, Gekko, and Metso Outotec. There is no international standard of accreditation provided for metallurgical testing laboratories or metallurgical testing techniques. The test facilities are independent of Buenaventura.

Gold was found to occur as native gold and electrum, although in some minor semi-refractory ore there are significant amounts of maldonite (Au₂Bi). Gold is generally finely encapsulated and sub-microscopic gold is of the order of 10%, indicating a recovery cap of 90% at best. The average sulphur content is 12%, mainly as iron sulphides with only minor cyanide soluble copper minerals. There is evidence of organic carbon with potential to cause preg-robbing issues.

The mineralization is of low competency for semi-autogenous grind (SAG) milling but in the hard range for ball milling. This indicated that a SAG/ball mill (SAB) circuit could be used, with no requirement for pebble crushing. Gravity recoverable gold (GRG) tests indicated 14% gold recovery with centrifugal concentrators. CIL leaching tests on gravity tails achieved recoveries ranging from 75–85%. Testing showed that the ‘INCO’ system, using sodium metabisulphite, oxygen (instead of air) and copper sulphate achieved acceptable weakly acid dissociable cyanide levels. Filtration tests indicated a specific filtration rate of 0.44 m²/(t/hr) producing a filter cake of 20% moisture. This moisture is higher than the current target geotechnical requirement of 14% moisture for final disposal in the filtered, dry-stack tailings storage facility (FTSF). The 2021 Study has included drying areas to condition the filtered tailings to the level required by geotechnical studies.

The metallurgical testwork results support the process route selection of a SAB milling circuit followed by a gravity–CIL gold recovery circuit with cyanide destruction and pressure filtration of the tails. The design basis for overall gold recovery is 85.4% and the silver recovery is 44.6%. Both these recovery values have been confirmed through the 2021 geometallurgical modelling.

Deleterious elements include swelling clays content, preg-robbing organic material and Hg; appropriate measures have been incorporated in the design to handle these., The swelling clays content requires a neutral milling process isolated from

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-5

CIL with a pre-leach thickener. The normal CIL configuration has been modified to include additional fresh carbon upfront to combat preg-robbing, and inclusion of an industry-standard retort furnace deals with the Hg .

1.10	Mineral Resource Estimation

1.10.1

Estimation Methodology

The mineral resource estimate is supported by core drilling. Modelling uses a block model block size of 5 x 5 x 5 m and a subblock size of 1 x 1 x 1 m. Initial data analysis of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, antimony and sulphur were performed by domain. This indicated that grade caps would be required for some elements and domains.

Geological models were based on, in order:

●

Structural geology, primarily the breccia;

●

A 1 g/t Au grade envelope;

	●	Sub-domains using 2 g/t Au cut-offs

The deposit was divided into two areas, north and south. Envelopes were constructed for each area using a semi-manual envelope method. For silver, domains were constructed using a cut-off of 30 g/t Ag and divided into two subdomains (high-grade and low-grade) using the same methods as employed for gold. A single domain, based on the breccia, was used for copper, lead, zinc, antimony and sulphur. No subdomains were defined for these elements.

Mean bulk density values to were assigned by lithology domain and grade envelope. Bulk density assignments ranged from 2.43–2.85. Grade capping was assessed by element, with caps applied after evaluation of initial statistics, probability plots and co-efficient of variation versus mean plots. Assay data were composited to 2.5 m length samples. Variograms and quantitative kriging neighborhood analysis (QKNA) were produced for each domain and element.

Grade interpolation was performed using inverse distance weighting to the second power (IDW) in two passes for gold; and ordinary kriging (OK) in one pass for silver, lead, sulphur and copper. A single pass and an IDW estimate were used for zinc and antimony. Minimum and maximum numbers of samples used to inform the estimate varied by element.

Models were validated using:

●

Visual inspection of grades with comparison between blocks and composites;

●

Global statistical comparison of the OK model with a nearest-neighbour (NN) model;

●

Swath plots.

No material biases were noted from the reviews.

Mineral resources were classified using the following criteria:

	●	Measured mineral resource: maximum distance of the three drill holes closest to the block is equal to 15 m. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate is three;

●

Indicated mineral resource: maximum distance of the three closest drill holes to the block is equal to 36 m. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate is two;

●

Inferred mineral resource: maximum distance of the three closest drill holes to the block is equal to 60 m. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate is one.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-6

Blocks were run through mineable shape optimizer software that included considerations of marginal cut-off grades, stope dimensions, mineralization orientation, definitions of mineralized zones, and net smelter return (NSR) calculations. Conceptual stope designs were evaluated to discard stopes that were isolated, remote from potential infrastructure, or, when dilution was included, fell below an NSR of US$60.00/t. Finally, the blocks were checked to see if they were included in the mineral reserve estimate. If they were not, they were classified as mineral resources, and were reported exclusive of those blocks that were converted to mineral reserves. Commodity prices used to calculate the NSR value for the consideration of reasonable prospects for economic extraction are the same as those used for mineral reserves estimation:

●

Gold price: US$1,600/Oz;

●

Silver price: US$25.00/Oz.

1.10.2

Mineral Resource Statement

Mineral resources are reported using the mineral resource definitions set out in SK1300, and are reported exclusive of those mineral resources converted to mineral reserves. The reference point for the estimate is in situ. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the estimate is SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A.

The measured and indicated mineral resource estimates are provided in Table 11. The mineral resource estimate is current as at December 31, 2021.

Areas of uncertainty that may materially impact the mineral resource estimates include: changes to long-term metal price and exchange rate assumptions; changes in local interpretations of mineralisation geometry, presence of unrecognized mineralization off-shoots; faults, dykes and other structures; and continuity of mineralised zones; changes to geological and grade shape, and geological and grade continuity assumptions; low performance of QA/QC in some areas of the Project, insufficient density data, changes to variographical interpretations and search ellipse ranges that were interpreted based on limited drill data, when closer-spaced drilling becomes available; changes to metallurgical recovery assumptions; changes to the input assumptions used to derive the potentially-mineable shapes applicable to the assumed underground mining method used to constrain the estimates; changes to the forecast dilution and assumptions; changes to the net smelter return cut-off values applied to the estimates; variations in geotechnical (including seismicity), hydrogeological and mining method assumptions; and changes to environmental, permitting and social license assumptions.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-7

Table 1-1:Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Statement

Confidence Category	Tonnage (Mt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
Measured	0.38	1.65	2.78
Indicated	10.51	1.61	7.24
Total Measured and Indicated	10.89	1.61	7.08

Table 1-2:Inferred Mineral Resource Statement

Confidence Category	Tonnage (Mt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
Inferred	13.97	2.49	9.53
Total Inferred	13.97	2.49	9.53

Notes to accompany mineral resource tables:

1.	The reference point for the mineral resource estimate is in situ, and the estimate does not incorporate dilution. Mineral resources are current as at December 31, 2021, and are reported using the mineral resource definitions in SK1300. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the resource estimate is SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A

2.	Mineral resources are reported exclusive of those mineral resources converted to mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

The estimate uses the following key input parameters: commodity prices of US$1,600/oz Au, US$25.00/oz Ag; variable metallurgical recoveries that were assigned by Buenaventura into the block model resulting in estimated average metallurgical recoveries of 85%; assumption of cut-and-fill mining method; primary and secondary stope sizes of 4 x 4 x 12 m; inclusion of internal and external dilution; mining costs of US$34.78/t mined; processing costs of US$17.87/t processed; no allocation for general and administrative costs; and an allocation of US$7.51/t for sustaining capital cost.

Mineral resources are reported inside MSO stopes designed above a net smelter return cut-off of US$60.00/t. The NSR equations are NSRGold = ((1600-7.38)*gold grade * gold metallurgical recovery) * 0.999/31.1035; NSRSilver =( (25*silver metallurgical recovery)* silver grade _ppm)*0.999/31.1035; and NSRTotal = NSRGold + NSRSilver. NSR formulas were defined and calculated in the block model by Buenaventura.

5.	Numbers have been rounded.

1.11	Mineral Reserve Estimation

1.11.1	Estimation Methodology

Measured and indicated mineral resources were converted to proven and probable mineral reserves assuming a combination of overhand drift-and-fill, underhand drift-and-fill and overhand sub-level retreat mining methods to meet a 3,000 t/d production rate.

The assumed mining recovery was 98% for overhand drift-and-fill and underhand drift-and-fill stopes, and 100% for overhand sub-level retreat stopes. Dilution is assumed to be from non- or low-grade material entering the stope during mining, backfilling material and shotcrete. Mining dilution is estimated at 13.7% in overhand drift-and-fill stopes, 15.7% in underhand drift-and-fill stopes and 24.1% in overhand sub-level retreat stopes.

An NSR cut-off was used in preference to a grade cut-off, since both gold and silver are contributors to the Project economics. The NSR cut-offs selected were US$88/t for overhand drift-and-fill, US$90/t for underhand drift-and-fill, and US$85/t for overhand sub-level retreat.

Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-8

1.11.2	Mineral Reserve Statement

Mineral reserves were classified using the mineral reserve definitions set out in SK1300. The reference point for the mineral reserve estimate is the point of delivery to the process plant. The mineral reserves are current as at 31 December, 2021. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the estimate is Agnitia Consulting SAC.

Mineral reserves are reported in Table 13.

During mineral reserve estimation, each modifying factor applied has its own risk that could affect the mineral reserve estimates. Such risks commonly include: long-term commodity price assumptions; long-term consumables price assumptions; changes to mineral resources input parameters; changes to constraining stope designs; changes to cut-off assumptions; changes to geotechnical and hydrogeological factors; changes to metallurgical and mining recovery assumptions; the ability to control unplanned dilution; and assumptions as to the continued ability to access the site, retain mineral and surface rights titles, maintain environment and other regulatory permits, and obtain and maintain the social license to operate.

In the case of this Project, economic factors such as the long-term commodity price, consumable price assumptions and exchange rates, mining factors about geotechnical, hydrogeology and mine design, and metallurgical recovery are controlled by different studies, quotations, drilling, and laboratory and pilot plant tests, so it is the opinion of the Qualified Person Firm that they incorporate sufficient risk assessment to support mineral reserve reporting.

Political and environmental challenges that could affect the mineral reserves as follows:

●

Retain mineral and surface rights titles, maintain environment and other regulatory permits, and maintain the social license to operate. The Qualified Person Firm is of the opinion that country political risk has not been studied in detail according 2021 presidential election results and unexpected delays could occur in the public consultation stage for environmental permits.

1.12	Mining Methods

Most of the rock types are classified as “Fair”, “Poor” or “Very Poor”, using the 1989 Bieniawski rock mass rating criteria. Geotechnical support requirements were analysed using a combination of the Matthews stability graph and numerical models in the commercially-available software packages Phase2D, FLAC3D, RocSupport and Unwedge. Stope sizing and the backfill sequence were also computer-analyzed. Recommendations were developed for opening sizes and ground support requirements.

The water inflow expected over the LOM is an average 20 L/sec. The dewatering pumping system design capacity for the LOM is 88 L/sec. Short-term peak inflows are projected early in the mine life, which are associated with fault zones and may reach as much as 100 L/sec. Auxiliary pumping will be required during those periods.

Overhand drift-and-fill and overhand sub-level retreat methods will be used where the rock mass rating was “Fair” or “Poor”, and underhand drift-and-fill methods where the rock mass rating was “Very Poor”. Mining development will start in year 1 of production and will include all required excavations to ensure production continuity below the 4,600 m Level. The mining sequence will commence with the highest gold grades between the 4,620 m and 4,720 m Levels. The mine plan, based on the mineral reserve estimates, is for a 14-year period.

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-9

Table 1-3:Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve Statement

Area	Confidence Category	Tonnage (kt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
UDF	Proven	564	5.24	1.66
		Probable	2,652	4.24	3.84
		Sub-total proven and probable	3,216	4.88	3.45
SARC	Proven	0	0.00	0.00
		Probable	1,619	3.09	8.20
		Sub-total proven and probable	1,619	3.09	8.20
ODF	Proven	418	4.89	3.08
		Probable	9,681	3.89	7.26
		Sub-total proven and probable	10,099	3.93	7.09
Total	Proven	983	5.09	2.26
		Probable	13,952	3.97	6.72
		Proven and Probable	14,934	4.04	6.43

Notes to accompany mineral reserve tables:

1.	The reference point for the mineral reserve estimate is the point of delivery to the process plant. Mineral reserves are current as at 31 December 2021 and are reported using the mineral reserve definitions in SK1300. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the estimate is Agnitia Consulting SAC.

Key parameters used in the estimate include gold price of US$1,600/oz, silver price of US$25/oz; variable metallurgical recoveries that average 85% for gold and 45% for silver; mining cost of US$37.87/t mined, process cost of US$23.62/t processed, general and administrative cost of US$18.73/t processed, sustaining cost of US$7.51/t processed; assumption of payable percentages of 99.90% for gold and 99.9% for silver; doré sales costs of US$7.38/oz Au.

3.	Mineral reserves are reported above a net smelter return cut-off of $US$88/t for overhand drift-and-fill, $US$90/t for underhand drift-and-fill and $US$85/t for overhand sub-level retreat mining methods.

4.	Numbers in the table have been rounded.

Ventilation requirements were divided into four stages, to reflect the elevations at which mining activities will be undertaken at various times during operations. The auxiliary ventilation system at each mining front will deliver fresh air using two 35,000 cfm auxiliary fans, at the rate of 27.4 m/min of air. The fresh air for underground mine development will be delivered by four 75,000 cfm auxiliary fans that will be located in the southern and northern ramp accesses, which are planned to deliver 64,000 cfm of fresh air.

Blasting will be performed by a contractor, with different blast requirements and loading factors for the different mining methods. Cemented aggregate fill will be used to backfill the stopes. A conventional underground equipment fleet will be used to support the LOM plan. Primary equipment will include jumbos, scoop trams, scalers, roboshots, mixers and dump trucks. Auxiliary equipment will include bobcats, motor graders, front-end loaders, scissor lifts, fuel and water trucks, explosives delivery truck, utility and pickup vehicles, personal delivery trucks, and minibuses. Backfill equipment required will include scooptrams and trucks.

The production plan is shown in Figure 11.

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-10

●

A grinding circuit consisting of a SAG mill and ball mill. Pebbles screened from the SAG mill discharge will be recirculated back to the SAG mill feed conveyor while the screen undersize will be pumped to a hydrocyclone classification circuit. The cyclone overflow will feed forward to the leaching circuit while the underflow will be split between the gravity circuit (see below) and the ball mill feed box. Ball mill discharge will combine with SAG screen underflow to complete the closed circuit;

●

A gravity circuit consisting of two centrifugal concentrators from which the concentrate will pass to an intensive leach reactor (ILR) and the tails will re-join the circulating load to the ball mill feed;

●

A carbon-in-leach (CIL) cyanide leaching circuit consisting of a pre-leach thickener, three pre-oxidation tanks to passivate cyanide-consuming sulphides and seven agitated CIL tanks in series to which regenerated carbon will be added to the last tank and moved counter-current to the slurry from tank to tank by carbon transfer pumps;

●

An adsorption desorption recovery (ADR) circuit in which the loaded carbon from CIL will be acid-washed with hydrochloric acid and then stripped of its precious metal content with a hot solution of caustic soda and cyanide in a Zadra desorption column. Barren carbon will be regenerated in an electric kiln and return to the CIL circuit via a carbon fines screen. The pregnant liquor solution (PLS) from desorption will pass to electrowinning cells (along with PLS from the ILR circuit) to deposit the precious metals as an electrolyte cake. The cake will be subject to mercury removal and capture in a retort furnace followed by smelting in an induction furnace to produce gold doré bars. Barren solution from electrowinning will return via a heat exchanger and electric heater to desorption, completing a closed circuit;

	●	CIL tailings will be subject to cyanide detoxification with air/SO2 and lime in two agitated tanks in series to reduce weak acid dissociable cyanide to <10 ppm in accord with Peruvian regulations;

●

A tailings thickening and filtration circuit in which the CIL tailings will be sent to a high density thickener (HDT) to recover process water and prepare a high density slurry for filtration in plate and frame pressure filters. This will produce a tailings filter cake of 18–20% moisture content for transport by truck and deposition in a filtered tailings storage facility (FTSF);

●

A portion of the process water will be treated, if necessary, for thiocyanate removal by ferrous sulphate in agitated tanks and then followed by clarification and an ultrafiltration/nanofiltration plant prior to discharge.

Consumables will include quicklime, sodium cyanide, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, copper sulphate, sodium metabisulfite, litharge, borax, sodium nitrate, silica, sodium carbonate, activated carbon, flocculant, SAG ball media, ball mill media, and air.

A total of 90 direct and 30 contract personnel are envisaged in the process plant.

1.14	Project Infrastructure

The required infrastructure to support the LOM plan will include the underground mine, backfill and concrete batch plants, waste rock storage facilities, topsoil stockpile, process plant, run-of-mine (ROM) stockpile, process water ponds, mine water pond, freshwater dam, filtered TSFs (FTSF), tailings thickening and filtering platform, tailings drying platforms, temporary tailings storage area, mine operations and warehouse area, administration offices, truck, maintenance and work shops, fuel station, core shed, gatehouse, accommodation camp, sewage treatment plant, temporary waste storage area, and electrical substation. The camp capacity is based on an estimate of construction personnel and operations personnel. In operation, the camp will have a capacity of 816 people. However, during construction the capacity of some modules will be increased to support a total camp capacity of 1,440 persons.

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-12

Access roads outside the effective Project area that will be on public lands will be funded and built by Buenaventura. The company will coordinate with the Ministry of Transportation and Communications to transfer or confirm ownership of public roads. The main access road will run from the National Road MO-106 at the 48 km point (detour to San Gabriel Project) to the mine main gate house. Access roads inside the effective area of the Project will be built and owned by Buenaventura. Roads will connect the mine and process plant with infrastructure such as the water pond, FTSF, stockpiles, and gatehouse.

Two filtered TSFs are envisaged. The first FTSF will contain the initial dry stack tailings from the process plant, will be operational for six years and four months until its maximum capacity of 4.27 Mm³ is stacked, and will have an area of about 22 ha. The second FTSF will be used for the remainder of the LOM plan. It will be operational for about eight years until its maximum capacity of 4.90 Mm³ is stacked. The facility will cover approximately 32 ha. Tailings from the process plant will be sent by gravity pipeline to a thickener at the tailings filter plant. Tailings will be thickened before being filtered in a set of vertical plate filters, removing moisture and producing a filter cake with moisture content of about 18–20% w/w. The filter cake produced will be collected and stacked in a storage facility before being transported by truck to the FTSF. There will be four tailings drying platforms. A temporary tailings storage area will be used for a four-month period in the wet season, and will be able to store about 191,000 m³ of filtered tailings.

Non-contact water from rain runoff will be diverted around the Project installations with the use of hydraulic structures and canals placed at strategic locations. Non-contact water will be sent to various stormwater ponds and settling ponds located around the Project area before being discharged to the environment. Contact water will be captured in sedimentation ponds during construction and operation. Acid contact water will be diverted to a mine water pond, where it will either be reused in the process plant, or sent to a water treatment plant for treatment prior to discharge to the environment.

The incoming power supply to the San Gabriel substation will be via a 220 kV overhead transmission line from the Chilota substation. The estimated maximum demand for the Project is 18.4 MVA of which process plant and other surface loads: are 14.3 MVA and underground mining 4.1 MVA.

Freshwater for the Project will be supplied from a freshwater dam that will be constructed in the catchment area of Quebrada Agani, just west of the Project’s main San Gabriel camp. The dam will also be a water supply source for local communities. The mine will require dewatering to enable safe underground mine operations. Mine water will initially be sent to a holding pond before treatment. The holding pond will act as buffer providing surge capacity (50,300 m³) between mine dewatering operations (which may fluctuate) and the water treatment plant which will have a constant steady flow. The main process water sources will be the tailings thickening and filtering recovery water system and the FTSF drainage system.

1.15	Markets and Contracts

The gold and silver market assessments were based on information provided by the CRU International Ltd (CRU) during 2021. CRU expects that, in the long term, the gold price will return to mid-2010s level, between approximately US$1,300–1,400/oz in real terms by the mid-2030s. Silver prices are likely to move in a similar way as gold prices. The gold/silver ratio in the long term is expected to stand at 66, which translates to a silver price of US$21/oz in real 2020 terms by 2036.

The doré grades forecast to be produced from San Gabriel will be high in both gold and silver. CRU identified 42 companies that are in the LBMA’s silver and gold refineries lists. After excluding refineries in China, the list contains 29 refineries that can refine both silver and gold. Given the quality of production expected to come from San Gabriel, its doré production should be acceptable in all of the custom markets.

San Gabriel is expected to produce precious metal doré product with an average 62% Au content (potentially ranging from 30–70% Au) and 35% Ag content (potentially ranging from 20–60% Ag), with as much as 3% content of copper and other elements. Gold and silver doré is readily marketable, and Buenaventura has experience in marketing such products, with

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-13

refining contracts in place for other operations. Together with public documents and analyst forecasts, these data support that there is a reasonable basis to assume that for the LOM plan, that the key products will be saleable at the assumed commodity pricing.

LOM average commodity prices were assumed at US$1,600/oz Au and US$25/oz Ag, based on the commodity price forecasts from CRU.

No contracts are currently in place for doré sales from the San Gabriel Project. The terms contained within any future sales contracts would be typical and consistent with standard industry practice and be similar to contracts for the supply of doré that Buenaventura has already entered into. No other contracts have been entered into.

1.16	Environmental, Permitting and Social Considerations

1.16.1

Environmental Studies and Monitoring

Baseline studies were carried out in the Project area, or over portions of the Project area, from early 2008 onward:

●

Description of the physical environment, including climate and weather, geology, geochemistry, physiography and geomorphology, hydrography, hydrology, hydrogeology, soils, environmental liabilities, air quality, noise, electromagnetics, surface water quality, spring water quality, sediment quality and underground water quality;

	●	Description of the biological environment, including biological diversity, characterization of flora and fauna, fragile ecosystems, landscape, ecosystem and endangered species conservation status;

●

Description of social, economic, cultural and anthropogenic environments of the population, including inventory, evaluation and social and economic aspects;

●

Checks for the presence of archaeological, historical or cultural remains in the Project’s area of influence;

●

Assessment of geohazards such as seismicity, volcanology, erosion, landslides, avalanches, fluvial erosion, hydromorphic zones, and soil creep

The archaeological survey identified a total of 14 archaeological sites within the greater Project area, of which four are within the Project effective area. Prior to commencement of construction activities, archaeological remains will be removed in accordance with the approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan.

The Project currently has a Detailed Environmental Impact Study (EIA-d) for the San Gabriel Project. An Environmental Management Strategy (EMS) was developed based on the EIA-d. The EMS included a number of plans that cover the prevention, control, mitigation, rehabilitation, and compensation measures that Buenaventura will implement during operations and closure. Buenaventura has also committed to preservation of wetland areas (bofedales). The company will also construct a reservoir to discharge water into the Agani stream, upstream from its confluence with the Jamochini stream, to compensate for the reduction in flow due to the alteration of the wetlands. The reservoir will discharge 10 L/sec, and provide more flow than is currently the case in the dry season.

The mineralization is classified as PAG, as is a portion of the waste rock. The waste material will be stored in a waste rock storage facility (DMI).

1.16.2

Closure and Reclamation Considerations

A Conceptual Closure Plan was developed in accordance with the applicable national regulations. The estimated closure cost is US$59 M.

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1.16.3

Permitting

Three certifications of the “Non-existence of Archaeological Remains” were granted for the mine area and a portion of the access road. There is also an approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan.

Buenaventura established a list of the permits required for construction and operations, and identified the permits that are on the critical path. Key permits include the authorization to start exploitation; the beneficiation concession: discharge water license and a variety of permits associated with the storage and use of explosives.

1.16.4

Social Considerations, Plans, Negotiations and Agreements

Buenaventura has several agreements in place with the local communities, including C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua and C.C. Corire. Social agreements were concluded during the SIA-d, which included C.C. San Juan de Miraflores and, on occasions, the district of Ichuña.

The consulta previa process is almost complete, being in stage six of a seven-step process, and is pending a final decision from MINEM.

Buenaventura entered into a series of community agreements, covered by public deeds, that include monetary payments, trusts, training, hiring labor and goods, among others. The principal communities included in this program are C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua and C.C. Corire. An initial ordinary meeting is planned in relation to the consulta previa process with the Oyo Oyo community Board of Directors in Q4, 2021. The meeting is expected to cover issues of concern to the community such as the status of the consulta previa process, communal land ownership and registration of new community members, registration of the board of directors in the public registers. The community has already indicated to Buenaventura that they would like a bonus upon the final approval of the consulta previa. The CC Corire community and Buenaventura are still in the consultation process. The community has decided that any consulta previa approval would depend on the outcomes of the discussions with Buenaventura.

1.17	Capital Cost Estimates

Capital cost estimates were reported in Q3 2021 US$. The capital costs are at a minimum at a pre-feasibility level of confidence (±25%) as that is defined in SK1300.

Cost estimates were based on the following: scopes of work; design criteria; plot plans; process flow diagrams; general arrangement drawings; structural models; drawings and sketches; geotechnical investigations; preliminary project execution plans; equipment lists; material take-offs; equipment pricing (budget quotes); engineering, procurement and construction contract tender pricing; generic contract terms and conditions; study schedule; data from other Projects currently being executed by Ausenco; Ausenco historical project data; and third-party estimates. Direct costs were generally quantity-based and included items such as: direct labor costs; freight and transport; permanent equipment; bulk materials; construction equipment; contractor costs; contractor temporary construction facilities, services and utilities; and construction facilities removal and rehabilitation.

The current Project planning and execution strategy assumes that the Project was approved in February 2021, with the initial capital investment planned from 2021 to 2024 and sustaining investment starting thereafter.

Capital cost estimates were as follows:

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-15

●Mine: The initial direct capital cost was US$36.8 M; including US$26.9 M in pre-production operating costs for 26 months; and US$9.9 M in mine equipment and fleet. The initial indirect capital cost of the mine was estimated at US$5.6 M. The sustaining capital cost excluding growth was US$72.7 M, and including growth was US$75.9 M;

●Process: The total estimated initial direct cost was US$203.2 M. The total estimated initial cost was US$31.9 M. Indirect costs for the initial capital were estimated as US$100.1 M. The total sustaining capital cost of the process area was estimated at US$28.5 M;

●Owners’: Estimated at US$43.1 M.

●Closure: estimated at US$59 M.

The overall total capital cost estimate is presented in Table 14, and totals US$578.6 M, of which the initial capital cost estimate for the Project amounts to US$467.7 M, and the sustaining capital cost estimate was US$111 M.

1.18	Operating Cost Estimates

Operating cost estimates are reported in Q4 2021 US$. The operating costs are at a minimum at a pre-feasibility level of confidence (±25%) as that is defined in SK1300.

The source data used in the estimate included: the mine plan through life of mine; material takeoffs; unit pricing from Buenaventura; workforce estimation; consumable requirements and costs; equipment quotations; process flowsheets; electrical load list; mechanical equipment list; reagents and consumables requirements and costs; maintenance costs; and fuel consumption.

Operating cost estimates were as follows:

●

Mine: The average mine operating cost is estimated at US$32.11/t including mining costs (US$22.84/t); services costs (US$3.80/t); development costs (US$4.27/t) and energy costs (US$1.21/t);

●

Process: The average process operating cost is estimated to be US$27.38$/t;

	●	Infrastructure: Infrastructure operating costs were generally included within the process plant or mining operating costs;

●

General and administrative:

oOperations: includes Insurance, personal protective equipment, mobile equipment rental and associated labor. Estimated at US$4.2 M over LOM; Technical services: includes mine third party studies, concessions, laboratory and maintenance, as well as associated labor. Estimated at US$9.0 M over LOM;

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Table 1-4:Capital Cost Estimate Summary

WBS	WBS Level 1 Description	Total (US$M)
Initial		467.7
Direct		265.3
1000	Mine	56.3
2000	Process plant	114.7
3000	FTSF	20.5
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	56.6
5000	Off-site infrastructure, utilities and facilities	17.2
Indirect		202.4
1000	Mine	5.4
2000	Process plant	0
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	22.3
5000	Off-site infrastructure, utilities and facilities	6.7
6000	EPCM and other third party costs	60.7
7000	Indirect costs	15.2
8000	Owner's cost	38.5
9000	Provisions	53.7
Sustaining		110.9
Direct		104.4
1000	Mine	75.9
2000	Process plant	3.3
3000	FTSF	19.4
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	5.8
Indirect		6.5
1000	Mine	6.2
6000	EPCM	0.2
8000	Owner's cost	0.1
Grand Total		578.6

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-17

oSustainability: includes permits and environmental; social and patrimonial security contract as well as associated labor and human resources. Estimated at US$3 M over LOM;

oFinance and administration: includes operation catering, IT and office support, camp operations, and external and internal transportation. Estimated at US$4.2 M over LOM;

oMining G&A: includes mine operational staff and maintenance and supervision. Estimated at US$5.1 M over LOM.

The LOM operating cost estimate summary is presented in Table 15.

1.19	Economic Analysis

1.19.1

Forward-Looking Information Caution

This Report may contain forward-looking information (as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). These involve risks and uncertainties, including those concerning costs and expenses, results of exploration, the continued improving efficiency of operations, prevailing market prices of gold and silver, estimates of future exploration, development and production, plans for capital expenditures, estimates of reserves and Peruvian political, economic, social and legal developments. These forward-looking statements reflect Buenaventura’s view with respect to Buenaventura’s future financial performance. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as result of a variety of factors.

1.19.2	Methodology and Assumptions

All inputs to the economic analysis are at a minimum of a pre-feasibility level of confidence, having an accuracy level of ±25% and a contingency range not exceeding 15%.

The financial model that supports the mineral reserve declaration is a standalone model that calculates annual cash flows based on scheduled ore production, assumed processing recoveries, metal sale prices and /US$exchange rates, projected operating and capital costs and estimated taxes.

The financial analysis is based on an after-tax discount rate of 7%. All costs and prices are in unescalated “real” dollars. The currency used to document the cash flow is US$. The cashflow is reported in Q4 2021 US$. Inflation has not been considered in the economic analysis.

Based on the mineral reserve estimates provided in Table 13, the mine will have a 14-year mine life.

Average gold recovery of 85.4% and silver recovery is 44.6%. This accords well with mineralogical expectations but individual recoveries by section and ore-type were included in the mine/mill production schedule. Smelting and refining costs are included in the plant operational costs as external costs.

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-18

Table 1-5:Operating Cost Estimate Summary

Description	Units	LOM
Tonnage	kt	14,934
Head grade	g/t Au	4.04
Head grade	g/t Ag	6.44
Recovered Au	kOz	1,657
Recovered Ag	kOz	1,376
Process plant	US$M	327
Infrastructure	US$M	81
Mine operation	US$M	476
General and administrative cost	US$M	321
Total operating cost	US$M	1,206
Total process plant	US$/t	27.4
Mine operation	US$/t	32.1
General and administrative cost	US$/t	21.7
Operating unit cost	US$/t	81.2
Operating unit cost	U$/oz Au	727.82

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding

The assumed terms were:

	●	Treatment charge (TC): US$0.35/oz doré;

	●	Gold refining charges: US$0.60/oz Au;

	●	Silver refining charge: US$0.60/oz Ag.

Revenue was calculated from the recoverable metal and the long-term forecast of metal prices and exchange rates.

The commodity prices used in the economic analysis are based on LOM forecast average prices of US$1,600/oz Au and US$25/oz Ag.

Total initial capital was estimated at US$467.7 M, divided in direct costs (US$265 M) and indirect costs (US$105.6 M). The Owner’s costs were estimated by Buenaventura at US$43.1 M. The Project contingency was anticipated at US$53.7 M. Initial capital expenditure was allocated from Year -3 to Year -1 of operation. Sustaining capital was allocated from Year 1 onwards and was estimated at US$111 M. The sustaining capital estimate does not include closure costs.

Total operating costs were estimated as US$1,206 M (US$80.76/t milled) through the LOM. Operating costs were divided into three categories:

●

Mine operating costs: US$32.1/t milled;

●

Process plant operating costs: US$27.4/t milled;

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-19

	●	General and administrative costs: US$21.7/t milled.

A net smelter royalty (NSR) of 1.5% of all minerals extracted and commercialized in the concession will be paid to Goldfields as part of the agreement between Buenaventura and Goldfields during the mining assets transfer. This payment will start once the commercial production is reached.

Two types of depreciation were incorporated in the financial model, financial and tax depreciation as per Buenaventura’s financial statements. The types of expenditure were provided by Buenaventura’s financial experts. The taxation assumptions used in the economic model were developed by Buenaventura. Tax allocations included provision for income tax, depreciation and amortization, value-added tax, special mining tax, and a worker’s profit-sharing scheme.

Closure costs of US$59 M were spread evenly across the last two years of operation for the purposes of the economic analysis. No salvage value is included in the analysis.

Working capital allowance assumes inventories at 30 days, receivables at 30 days, and payables at 45 days.

The economic analysis is based on 100% equity financing and is reported on a 100% project ownership basis. The base case economic analysis assumes constant prices with no inflationary adjustments.

1.19.3

Economic Analysis

The economic analysis resulted in a net present value at a 7% discount rate of US$107.6 M, an internal rate of return of 11.1%, and an estimated payback period of 5 years. The cashflow results are provided in Table 16.

1.19.4

Sensitivity Analysis

A sensitivity analysis was performed to metal price, grade, capital costs and operating costs. The Project is most sensitive to changes in metal pricing and grade, less sensitive to operating cost changes, and least sensitive to capital cost changes

1.20	Risks and Opportunities

Key Project risks include:

●

Failure to gain permitting approvals on time including expiration of the approved EIA-d

	●	Community expectations regarding the Project and failure to conclude the Consulta Previa process as planned

●

Failure to complete HT power supply contracts on time including approval of the associated EIA-d

●

Transportation of personnel on the Project

	●	Failure to achieve planned mining rates due to ground conditions or other factors

Key Project opportunities include:

●

Improve the Project financials by reducing the high G&A costs

	●	Optimize mine backfill strength requirements

●

Optimize the site materials management including bulk earthworks, quarries and waste

●

Purchase of aggregates from the local community

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Table 1-6:Cashflow Summary Table

Item	Units	Value
Total undiscounted revenues	US$M real	2,678
Total undiscounted free cash flow	US$M real	432
Initial capital cost estimate with contingency	US$M real	467.7
Average annual EBITDA, LOM	US$M	99
Average total operation costs, LOM	US$/t milled	81.2
NPV @ 7% (*)	US$M	107.6
IRR (*)	%	11.1
Payback period – start of mill operations	years	5
Mine operation cost, LOM	US$/t	32.1
Plant operation cost, LOM	US$/t	27.4
G&A operation cost, LOM	US$/t	21.7
Valuation date		Q4, 2021

Note: EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. NPV = net present value. IRR = internal rate of return. (*) = Numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

1.21	Conclusions

Under the assumptions in this Report, the Project evaluated shows a positive cash flow over the life-of-mine. The 2021 Study mine plan is achievable under the set of assumptions and parameters used.

1.22	Recommendations

Recommendations centre on the geomechanics, environmental and tailings areas for the purposes of developing an underground mining operation. The total program costs are estimated at US$3.75 M.

1.22.1

Geomechanical

Geotechnical recommendations relate to the proposed underground mine. It is recommended that the geomechanical model in the south zone where the production will be based during the first six years is further refined. This is estimated to cost about US$2 M.

1.22.2

Environmental

The environmental permits should be updated to support extension of the mine plan from year 6 onwards. This requires an estimated budget of US$1 M.

1.22.3

Tailings

The geotechnical testing program for the DRF2 should be undertaken to validate the selected location, such that the location can be included in the mEIA. This requires an estimated budget of US$0.5 M.

1.22.4

Water Discharge Licence

The water discharge flowrates should be updated in the mEIA. Increased water flow rates would simplify the site water management. This requires an estimated budget of US$250,000.

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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 1-21

2	Introduction

2.1	Registrant

This technical report summary (the Report) was prepared for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (Buenaventura) on the San Gabriel Project (the Project) in southern Peru. Figure 21 is a location plan for the Project.

2.2	Terms of Reference

2.2.1	Report Purpose

The Report was prepared to support mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates for the San Gabriel Project and provide the results of a mining study completed in December 2021 (the 2021 Study).

Buenaventura to identify what registration statement this document will be filed as an exhibit with.

2.2.2

Terms of Reference

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial values are reported in US currency while the metric system has been used for units of measure.

Mineral resources and mineral reserves are reported using the definitions in Subpart 229.1300 – Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations in Regulation S–K 1300 (SK1300).

Buenaventura to identify what registration statement this document will be filed as an exhibit with.

The Report uses Canadian English.

2.3	Qualified Persons

The following Qualified Person Firms serve as Qualified Persons (QPs) for the Report:

●

Ausenco;

●

SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A (SRK);

	●	Agnitia Consulting SAC (Agnitia);

2.4	Site Visits and Scope of Personal Inspection

Currently, there are no operating facilities to visit at the San Gabriel Project site. Drill core is stored in a third-party owned and monitored core sampling and storage facility in Arequipa city. This facility has 24-hour security.

SRK representatives who are Qualified Persons visited the Project site and the Arequipa core facilities on two separate occasions. During the first site visit (May 2017), field inspection the drill collar locations were field verified. Reviews of geology, mineralization and field site inspections were also completed.


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3	Property description and location

3.1	Introduction

The Project centroids are 330,889.36 east and 8,207,473.91 north in universal trans-mercator (UTM) coordinates, datum WGS84.

The San Gabriel deposit is situated at approximately 332,279.823 East and 8,208,033.568 north in UTM coordinates, datum WGS84 and is at an elevation of approximately 4,780 meters above sea level (masl).

3.2	Property and Title in Peru

3.2.1

Overview

The right to explore, extract, process and/or produce minerals in Peru is primarily regulated by mining laws and regulations enacted by Peruvian Congress and the executive branch of government, under the 1992 Mining Law. The law regulates nine different mining activities: reconnaissance; prospecting; exploration; exploitation (mining); general labor; beneficiation; commercialization; mineral transport; and mineral storage outside a mining facility.

The Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM) is the authority that regulates mining activities. MINEM also grants mining concessions to local or foreign individuals or legal entities, through a specialized body called The Institute of Geology, Mining and Metallurgy (Ingemmet).

Other relevant regulatory authorities include the Ministry of Environment (MINAM), the National Environmental Certification Authority (SENACE), and the Supervisory Agency for Investment in Energy and Mining (Osinergmin). The Environmental Evaluation and Oversight Agency (OEFA) monitors environmental compliance.

3.2.2	Mineral Tenure

Mining concessions can be granted separately for metallic and non-metallic minerals. Concessions can range in size from a minimum of 100 ha to a maximum of 1,000 ha.

●

A granted mining concession will remain valid providing the concession owner:

●

Pays annual concession taxes or validity fees (derecho de vigencia), currently US$3/ha, are paid. Failure to pay the applicable license fees for two consecutive years will result in the cancellation of the mining concession;

●

Meets minimum expenditure commitments or production levels. The minima are divided into two classes:

o

Achieve “Minimum Annual Production” by the first semester of Year 11 counted from the year after the concession was granted, or pay a penalty for non-production on a sliding scale, as defined by Legislative Decree N° 1320 which became effective on 1 January, 2019. “Minimum Annual Production” is defined as one tax unit (UIT) per hectare per year, which is S/4,400 in 2021 (about US$1,100);


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 3-1

oAlternatively, no penalty is payable if a “Minimum Annual Investment” is made of at least 10 times the amount of the penalty.

The penalty structure sets out that if a concession holder cannot reach the minimum annual production on the first semester of the 11^th year from the year in which the concessions were granted, the concession holder will be required to pay a penalty equivalent to 2% of the applicable minimum production per year per hectare until the 15th year. If the concession holder cannot reach the minimum annual production on the first semester of the 16th year from the year in which the concessions were granted, the concession holder will be required to pay a penalty equivalent to 5% of the applicable minimum production per year per hectare until the 20th year. If the holder cannot reach the minimum annual production on the first semester of the 20th year from the year in which the concessions were granted, the holder will be required to pay a penalty equivalent to 10% of the applicable minimum production per year per hectare until the 30th year. Finally, if the holder cannot reach the minimum annual production during this period, the mining concessions will automatically expire.

The new legislation means that title-holders of mining concessions which were granted before December 2008 will be obligated to pay the penalty from 2019 if the title-holder did reach either the Minimum Annual Production or make the Minimum Annual Investment in 2018.

Mining concessions will lapse automatically if any of the following events take place:

●

The annual fee is not paid for two consecutive years.

●

The applicable penalty is not paid for two consecutive years.

	●	The Minimum Annual Production Target is not met within 30 years following the year after the concession was granted.

Beneficiation concessions follow the same rules as for mining concessions. A fee must be paid that reflects the nominal capacity of the processing plant or level of production. Failure to pay such processing fees or fines for two years would result in the loss of the beneficiation concession.

3.2.3

Surface Rights

Mining companies must negotiate agreements with surface landholders or establish easements. Where surface rights are held by communities, such easements must be approved by a qualified majority of at least two thirds of registered community members. In the case of surface lands owned by communities included in the indigenous community database maintained by the Ministry of Culture, it is necessary to go through a prior consultation process (consulta previa under the Consulta Previa Law) before administrative acts, such as the granting of environmental permits, are finalized. For the purchase of surface lands owned by the government, an acquisition process with the Peruvian state must be followed through the Superintendence of National Properties.

Expropriation procedures have been considered for cases in which landowners are reluctant to allow mining companies to have access to a mineral deposit. Once a decision has been made by the Government, the administrative decision can only be judicially appealed by the original landowner as to the amount of compensation to be paid.

3.2.4	Water Rights

Water rights are governed by Law 29338, the Law on Water Resources, and are administered by the National Water Authority (ANA) which is part of the Ministry of Agriculture. There are three types of water rights:

●

License: this right is granted to use water for a specific purpose in a specific place. The license is valid until the activity for which it was granted terminates, for example, a beneficiary concession;


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 3-2

●

Permission: this temporary right is granted during periods of surplus water availability;

	●	Authorization: this right is granted for a specified quantity of water and for a specific purpose. The grant period is two years, which may be extended for an additional year, for example for drilling.

In order to maintain valid water rights, the grantee must:

●

Make all required payments including water tariffs;

●

Abide by the conditions of the water right in that water is only used for the purpose granted.

Water rights cannot be transferred or mortgaged. However, in the case of the change of the title holder of a mining concession or the owner of the surface land who is also the beneficiary of a water right, the new title holder or owner can obtain the corresponding water right.

3.2.5

Environmental Considerations

MINAM is the environmental authority, although the administrative authority is the Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DGAAM) of MINEM. The environmental regulations for mineral exploration activities were defined by Supreme Decree No. 020-2008-EM of 2008. New regulations for exploration were defined in 2017 by Supreme Decree No. 042-2017-EM.

An Environmental Technical Report (Ficha Técnica Ambiental or FTA) is a study prepared for approval of exploration activities with non-significative environmental impacts and less than 20 drilling platforms. The environmental authority has 10 working days to make observations.

An Environmental Impact Declaration (Declaracion de Impacto Ambiental or DIA) has to be presented for Category I exploration activities which have a maximum of 40 drilling platforms or disturbance of surface areas of up to 10 ha. The environmental authority has 45 working days to make observations.

A semi-detailed Environmental Impact Study (Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Semi-Detallado or EIAsd) is required for Category II exploration programs which have between 40–700 drilling platforms or a surface disturbance of more than 10 ha. The environmental authority has 96 working days to make observations. The total process including preparation of the study by a registered environmental consulting company can take 6–8 months.

A full detailed Environmental Impact Study (Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Detallado or EIAd) must be presented for mine construction. The preparation and authorization of such a study can take as long as two years.

3.2.6

Permits

In order to start mineral exploration activities, a company is required to comply with the following requirements and obtain a resolution of approval from MINEM, as defined by Supreme Decree No. 020-2012-EM of 6 June 2012:

	●	Resolution of approval of the Environmental Impact Declaration

●

Work program

●

A statement from the concession holder indicating that it is owner of the surface land, or if not, that it has authorization from the owners of the surface land to perform exploration activities

	●	Water License, Permission or Authorization to use water

●

Mining concession titles


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 3-3

●

A certificate of non-existence of archeological remains (CIRA) whereby the Ministry of Culture certifies that there are no monuments or remains within a project area. However, even with a CIRA, exploration companies can only undertake earth movement under the direct supervision of an onsite archeologist.

3.2.7

Other Considerations

Producing mining companies must submit, and receive approval for, an environmental impact study that includes a social relations plan, certification that there are no archaeological remains in the area, and a draft mine closure plan. Closure plans must be accompanied by payment of a monetary guarantee.

In April 2012, Peru’s Government approved the Consulta Previa Law (prior consultation) and its regulations approved by Supreme Decree Nº 001-2012-MC. This requires prior consultation with any indigenous communities as determined by the Ministry of Culture, before any infrastructure or projects, in particular mining and energy projects, are developed in their areas.

Mining companies must also separately obtain water rights from the National Water Authority and surface lands rights from individual landowners.

3.3	Project Ownership

3.3.1

Ownership History

In 2003, Minera Gold Fields Peru S.A. (Gold Fields Peru) obtained the Chucapaca, Chucapaca Norte, Orcori, Yaretapampa and Yaretapampa Sur mining concessions. In February 2007, Gold Fields Peru joint ventured the Project with Buenaventura. In 2009, Buenaventura and Gold Fields Peru formed the Canteras del Hallazgo S.A.C. (Canteras del Hallazgo) as the operating entity. In 2014, Buenaventura acquired a 51% interest in Gold Fields Peru and a 100% interest in Canteras del Hallazgo, giving Buenaventura a 100% interest in the Project.

3.3.2	Current Ownership

The Project is wholly owned by Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.

3.4	Mineral Title

The Project consists of five mining concessions, covering an area of 3,467.3 ha. The concessions are summarized in Table 31 and the locations shown in Figure 31.

Buenaventura complies with the annual payment of the obligations given by the state for the maintenance of the mining property, the license fees and, if applicable, payment of any penalties incurred.

3.5	Surface Rights

Buenaventura is in land purchase discussions with about six landowners for purchase of additional surface rights. Acquisition of such surface rights is likely to require compensation payment to the landowners for livestock or affected outbuildings and cabins.


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Table 3-1:Mineral Tenure Table

Concession Name	Holder Name	Area (ha)	Date Granted	Expiry Date
Ichuña 2 IMG	Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	850	06/03/2009	Does not expire as long as statutory duties are paid
Chucapaca 1B	Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	1,039.3	31/03/2009
Chucapaca III	Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	1,032.2	28/01/2009
Chucapaca	Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	321.4	20/10/2004
Chucapaca Norte	Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	217.4	10/09/2007
		3,460.3


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3.6	Water Rights

Buenaventura has granted water rights, under Directorial Resolution No. 719-2020-ANA-AAA.CO, to acquire water from two streams (Table 32) for fresh and mining purposes.

The Agani dam has been permitted for construction, which will allow for extraction of 8.94 L/sec for mining purposes.

3.7	Royalties

Three royalties are payable on the Ichuña 2 IMG concession:

●

1% NSR in favor of IAMGOLD PERU S.A, by virtue of a transfer contract entered into between IAMGOLD PERU S.A and Minera Goldfields Perú S.A on June 24, 2011;

●

2% NSR in favor of Minera Goldfields Perú S.A., by virtue of contracts executed between Minera Goldfields Perú S.A. and Canteras del Hallazgo S.A.C., dated November 28, 2013, July 24, 2014 and October 29, 2014;

●

1.5% NSR in favor of Minera Goldfields Perú S.A., by virtue of a Guarantee Constitution Agreement dated August 18, 2014, entered into between Minera Goldfields Perú S.A. and Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.

3.8	Encumbrances

There are no known encumbrances on the Project.

3.8.1

Permitting Requirements

The Project EIA was approved via a detailed EIA in March 2017, and has a five-year validity period. No modification to this EIA is envisaged prior to Project execution. Project construction works must start before March 2022 to stay within the validity period of the approved EIA.

Permitting and the expected permit timelines required for Project development are discussed in Chapter 17.9. Typically permits are granted with conditions; what conditions will be imposed will only be known with the permit grant. It is likely that at a minimum, the production rate and water consumption will be stipulated.

3.8.2

Violations and Fines

There are no major current violations or fines as levied in the United States mining regulatory context that apply to the Project.


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Table 3-2:Water Rights

Point of Capture	UTM Co-ordinates, Datum WGS 84, Zone 19S		Use	Extraction Limit (L/sec)
Point of Capture		Easting	Use	Extraction Limit (L/sec)	Northing
Quebrada Agani 01	330 276,90	8 206 361,91	Fresh water	0.17
Agani 02	330 059,00	8 206 530,00	Mining	1.8
Quebrada Quilcata	329 456,91	8 208 359,88	Mining	1.8

3.9	Significant Factors and Risks That May Affect Access, Title or Work Programs

Two land payments were made to acquire Parcela A, one to the Oyo Oyo community, the second to each of the individual landowners within Parcela A. Since the 2014 payment, however, some of the former landowners have returned to their former land holdings and do not wish to leave. To resolve the issue, Buenaventura has prepared a "Land Release Plan". This plan will see claimants grouped by claim type and required legal action to be taken. The plan envisages that the San Gabriel Project will be fenced off, and where practicable, landowners may maintain a connection within the area such as Buenaventura allowing camelid breeding in the Project vicinity.

To the extent known to the QP, there are no other significant factors and risks that may affect access, title, or the right or ability to perform work on the San Gabriel Project that are not discussed in this Report.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 3-9

4	Accessibility, climate, local resources, infrastructure and physiography

4.1	Physiography

4.1.1

Elevation

The Project is at elevations ranging from 4,450 masl to 5,000 masl. The deposit is at an elevation of about 4,780 masl.

4.1.2

Topography

The Project is located amongst high Andean summits of the western Andes ranges, in the Altiplano region. The topography is rugged, consisting of fluvial and glacial valleys and steep mountain slopes.

The area is primarily part of the Agani Ansamani sub-basin of the larger Tambo River basin that drains to the Pacific Ocean. A portion of the underground workings will be in the Itapallone sub-basin of the Tambo River basin.

4.1.3

Vegetation

Vegetation in the Altiplano varies by elevation and is above the treeline. The high Andean puna lies between 4,200 to 5,000 m in elevation. Typical vegetation consists of grasses. The wet puna is located at elevations ranging from 3,700–4,200 masl. The wet puna is covered by grasses and shrubs. Sedges and rushes dominate areas with poor drainage. Above 4,000 masl, the vegetation in wet areas, or bofedales, includes floating submerged cushion plants. Wet montane grassland is found at 3,800 to 4,200 masl, and consists of bunchgrass communities, wetlands, small shrubs and trees, and herbaceous plants. The treeline is not encountered until about 3,500 masl.

The natural vegetation has been severely affected by livestock grazing, burning, firewood collection and clearance for cultivation.

4.2	Accessibility

The Project can be accessed from the cities of Arequipa, Moquegua and Juliaca:

●

Arequipa: 118 km of paved road to the town of Imata, and a further 138 km of dirt road from Imata to the Project;

	●	Moquegua: 149 km of paved road to the town of Titire and a further 58 km of dirt road from Titire to the Project;

●

Juliaca: 41 km of paved road to the town of Puno, 102 km of paved road from Puno to Ichuña, and a further 27 km of dirt road from Ichuña, via the Corire community, to the Project;

●

Juliaca: 41 km of paved road to the town of Puno, 102 km of paved road from Puno to Ichuña, and a further 17 km of dirt road from Ichuña, via the Oyo Oyo community, to the Project;

●

Juliaca: 41 km of paved road to the town of Puno, 109 km of paved road to Titire, and a further 58 km of dirt road from Titire to the Project.

Two personnel transport routes from Juliaca were evaluated as part of the 2021 Study, as shown in Figure 41.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 4-1

The predominant wind direction is from the east. The yearly average wind speed is 1.6 m/sec, with a maximum monthly average of 2.0 m/sec in August, and a minimum monthly average of 0.8 m/sec in January.

4.3.2

Length of Operating Season

It is expected that underground mining and processing operations will be conducted year-round.

4.4	Infrastructure

The closest town to the Project is Ichuña. The main economic activities include agriculture, livestock, services and related jobs. Agriculture includes onion, root plants (olluco), quinoa, potatoes, oca, garlic and others. Fishing activities are also performed (trout).

Additional information on infrastructure requirements is included in Chapter 15.

4.4.1

Water

Buenaventura has been granted water authorizations, see Chapter 3.6.

4.4.2	Electricity

The Project is currently serviced by an operational 22.9 kV transmission line that was installed from the public electricity grid, servicing the mine services (1 MVA) and the Agani advance camp (650 kVA). The transmission line will be used during the Project construction phase. The power supply for operations is discussed in Chapter 15.9.

4.4.3

Personnel

Exploration activities preferentially hire labour from the local communities. During construction and mine operations, Buenaventura plans to preferentially hire qualified or unskilled personnel from the populations within the Project area of influence, including C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua, and C.C. Corire and the Ichuña District. Where labour is unavailable locally, hiring will be firstly from the region, and only then from beyond the region.

4.4.4

Supplies

Supplies are sourced from Lima and Arequipa and to a lesser extent from suppliers in Moquegua, Puno and Ichuña. Supplies to support construction and operations will need to be sourced from a mix of national and international suppliers.

The Project development plan has provision to increase the participation of Oyo Oyo and Corire and other communities in the area of direct and indirect Project influence.

Buenaventura plans to implement a business training program for local suppliers, to ensure that such suppliers can benefit from the mine construction and operations stages.


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Table 5-1:Exploration and Development History Summary Table


Year	Operator/Company	Work Conducted
18^th century		Several small-scale Ag (Cu–Zn–Pb) mines.
1952	Compañía de Minas del Perú	Identified a zone of gossans, old workings and old smelting sites about 18 x 15 km in area near the Ichuña village, noting that Chucapaca was a significant area of old workings.
2002	Gold Fields Peru	District-scale evaluation program, identifies Chucapaca area as high-priority target.
2002–2003	Buenaventura	Reconnaissance exploration. Recognized potential for epithermal mineralization but did not pursue further work.
2003–2006	Gold Fields Peru	Acquired concessions in the Chucapaca area, completed reconnaissance exploration on the Chucapaca volcanic dome for epithermal mineralization. Identified Potosi prospect, but assumed mineralizing system was base-metal dominant. Completed 10 reverse circulation (RC) drill holes for 2,511 m.
2007–2008	Buenaventura	Conducted joint venture with Gold Fields Peru; Buenaventura was operator. Identified anomalous copper–gold mineralization at the Potosi prospect, subsequently renamed to Canahuire. Ground magnetic and dipole–dipole induced polarization (IP) geophysical surveys; 28 core holes (7,056 m).
2009–2010	Canteras del Hallazgo	Gold Fields Peru exercised back-in option. Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura formed joint venture company Canteras del Hallazgo. Gold Fields Peru was operator. Completed ground moving loop and fixed loop time-domain electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, gradient IP, pole–dipole IP, geophysical surveys, airborne (helicopter) magnetic and radiometric geophysical survey, 39 core holes completed May 2009–Jan 2010 (15,234 m); 213 core and RC holes completed June 2010–May 2011 (70,815 m); initial mineral resource estimate, and scoping study.
2011	Canteras del Hallazgo; Gold Fields Peru as operator	Feasibility study, assuming open pit mining methods. Open pit found to be sub-economic; alternatives including combined open pit and underground or underground alone recommended to be evaluated.
2011–2013	Canteras del Hallazgo; Gold Fields Peru as operator	Rock chip and soil sampling, 204 core and RC holes completed from June 2011–Sept 2012 (33,127 m); mining and geotechnical studies.
2014	Buenaventura	Acquired a 51% interest in Gold Fields Peru and a 100% interest in Canteras del Hallazgo, giving Buenaventura a 100% interest in the Project. Renamed Project to San Gabriel.
2015–2017	Buenaventura	Internal feasibility study assuming underground mining methods; 66 core holes (11,764 m) for resource delineation purposes in 2016; 17 core holes (2,995 m) for metallurgical and geotechnical purposes in 2017.
2018	Buenaventura	Scoping study assuming underground mining methods.
2019	Buenaventura	Internal pre-feasibility study assuming underground mining methods; 20 core holes (5,650 m) for resource delineation purposes.
2020	Buenaventura	Internal feasibility study assuming underground mining methods.
2021	Buenaventura	Updated internal feasibility study assuming underground mining methods.


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6	Geological setting, mineralization, and deposit

6.1	Deposit Type

The San Gabriel deposit shows many of the characteristics of an intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit as defined in Hedenquist et al., (2000). Intermediate-style epithermal systems are typically hosted in arc-related andesitic and dacitic rocks. Mineralization is silver and base metal-rich, and associated with manganese-carbonates and barite. Sulphide assemblages in intermediate-style epithermal systems typically comprise tennantite, tetrahedrite, hematite–pyrite–magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and iron-poor sphalerite. Quartz can be massive or display comb textures. Sericite is common as an alteration mineral, but the adularia, more typical of low sulphidation systems, is rare to absent.

6.2	Regional Geology

An inlier of folded and faulted basement Jurassic-Cretaceous siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks of the Yura Group forms a basement high in the Ichuña District (Figure 61). It is overlain by a cover sequence of Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary) volcaniclastic sediments and lavas (Figure 62).

6.3	Local Geology

6.3.1	Lithologies

The Yura Group consists of four conformable formations. The Cachios Formation consists of black carbonaceous and pyritic mudstones; the Labra Formation comprises dark grey sandstones with black carbonaceous mudstones; dark grey limestones and interbedded clastic rocks are characteristic of the Gramadal Formation; and the Hualhuani Formation consists of thickly-bedded quartzitic sandstones.

An intrusive volcanic diatreme complex cross-cuts the Yura Group sediments. The diatreme complex is related to the Chucapaca rhyolitic dome complex and associated dikes and includes several breccias with distinct facies characteristics.

The diatreme complex occurs as an elongated body, deepening to the west, approximately 1.5 km long by 300 m wide. The root of the diatreme remains open at depth (Figure 63).

6.3.2

Structure

The Mesozoic basement was affected by northwest-trending structures and folds that developed during the Peruvian and Incaic deformation events. The northwest-trending faults are the primary control on the rhyolitic complexes in the region. The intersection of north–northeast- and northeast-trending cross-faults with the northwest-trending folds is interpreted to be a secondary control on emplacement of volcanic complexes.

6.4	Property Geology

The host rocks and structures are the main controls on geometry, grade and style of mineralization at San Gabriel. Vertical zonation in the mineralized zones is primarily controlled by lithology, while lateral boundaries are defined by faults and brecciation related to oblique extension. Zones of higher grade that are dominated by hydrothermal replacement occur at the intersections of faults and fossiliferous, coarser-grained limestone horizons.


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6.4.1.1	Deposit Dimensions

The San Gabriel deposit is approximately 1,300 m long, 250 m wide, and averages 170 m in thickness. It has been drill tested to 700 m.

6.4.1.2	Lithologies

The Labra, Gramadal and Hualhuani Formations are the sedimentary units of the Yura Group found in the San Gabriel deposit area. The Gramadal Formation hosts the most continuous replacement-style alteration and mineralization.

The diatreme breccia includes phreatomagmatic and phreatic breccias. Breccias show a wide range in composition and size of the clasts, matrix, and cement, as well as in the internal breccia organization.

Late-stage tuffisite dykes intrude all lithologies at San Gabriel, and are either parallel to or cross-cut bedding.

A stratigraphic column for the deposit area is included as Figure 64. A geology plan for the deposit is provided in Figure 65. Figure 66 is a cross-section through the deposit.

6.4.1.3

Structure

The San Gabriel deposit lies in an open anticlinal hinge zone located on the normal limb of a north to north–northeast verging overturned anticline. This open anticlinal hinge zone contains two smaller individual anticlines and an intervening syncline. Bedding in the deposit area dips shallowly to the southwest, west, or northwest.

A network of steep faults at San Gabriel creates a sinistral–normal dilational jog. Within this jog are a series of secondary structures that are associated with the gold–silver mineralization. Elevated gold grades are associated with northwest- and east–west-trending faults, whereas higher silver grades appear to be associated with conjugate west–northwest extensional fault systems.

6.4.1.4

Alteration

Siderite alteration occurs as an extensive replacement in limestones and the calcareous matrix of diatreme breccias. Argillic alteration dominates in phreatomagmatic breccias. Silicification is largely restricted to brecciated and fractured Hualhuani Formation quartz-rich sandstones.

6.4.1.5

Mineralization

The principal gold–copper–silver mineralization stage partially replaces the early copper–silver mineralization stage. The gold mineralization is largely hosted in brecciated limestones of the Gramadal Formation, forming replacement bodies and to a lesser extent being hosted in phreatomagmatic and phreatic breccias.

The mineralogy consists of gold, electrum, maldonite (Au₂Bi), pyrite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, tetradymite (Bi₂Te₂S), bismuth–antimony- and silver-sulphosalts, sphalerite and galena. The gangue minerals include carbonates (siderite, ankerite, and mixed carbonates, including impure rhodochrosite), quartz, chalcedony, opal, clays, and adularia.


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7	Exploration

7.1	Exploration

7.1.1

Grids and Surveys

A topographic survey using light imaging and detection (LiDAR) methods was completed in 2009 over approximately 8,000 ha, providing a 2 m horizontal accuracy. The survey was completed using a differential GPS and Leica Total Station with 1201 measurements for elevation correction. The base control point for this survey is in the village of Ichuña, which is linked to a permanent geodesic station located in the “Observatorio Astronomico” de la NASA in Characato, Arequipa.

7.1.2	Geological Mapping

Geological mapping at 1:5,000 scale was completed in 2017 over 13 exploration areas, totalling 14,680 ha. More detailed mapping at 1:2,000 scale was completed around the “Canahurie gap”. In 2018, geological mapping at 1:5,000 scale was completed over an area of 8,500 ha.

7.1.3

Geochemistry

Geochemical sampling included rock chip, soil and trench methods. About 9,125 rock chip samples were collected from outcrop, road cuttings and trenches to 2011. From 2016–2018, 1,943 rock chip, 408 stream sediment, and 2,287 samples for spectral analysis were collected.

Most of the sampling focused on the Canahuire area and resulted in multi-element geochemical anomalies being delineated. Elevated arsenic, antimony, mercury and zinc grades were interpreted to be associated with an epithermal signature, whereas bismuth and tungsten anomalism was considered to be an indicator that magmatic fluids were involved in the mineralizing events. An example of the gold grades in geochemical samples is provided in Figure 71.

The Katarina, Katrina South, Katrina North-East and Chucapaca areas were noted to have elevated gold values, although not of the same tenor as seen at Canahuire. At Chucapaca, higher-grade samples are associated with narrow structures cutting the dome, and in the Katrinas’ area are associated with limestone replacement. Gold has a good correlation with selenium and to a lesser extent mercury.

7.1.4

Geophysics

Geophysical surveys included magnetic, electromagnetic, induced polarization (IP), gravity and radiometric surveys. Many of these were trial surveys to determine if the mineralization had useable geophysical signatures. Survey types are summarized in Table 71 and survey locations shown in Figure 72.

7.1.5

Petrology, Mineralogy, and Research Studies

Mineralogical analysis reports on core samples were completed by De Haller Services in 2009 and 2010, and by ALS in 2011. X-ray mineralogical analysis were conducted by BISA and SGS in 2009. Waste rock mineralogy studies were performed by De Haller Services in 2009. Two metallurgical studies were completed in 2012, one on the gold content in mill feed and leached tails by Ammtel Ltd. Services and one on gold concentrations in head, concentrate and tail samples was performed by Zhou Mineralogy Ltd. Services. Spectral studies were completed by Australian Geological & Remote Sensing Services in 2010 and by Spectral International in 2011.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 7-1

Table 7-1:Geophysical Surveys


Survey No.	Date	Survey Type	Comment
2008_1	04/2008	Ground magnetics	Initial Buenaventura survey
2008_2	04/2008	Pole–dipole IP	Initial Buenaventura survey designed to map sulphides
2008_3	11/2008	Ground magnetics	Extension of initial Buenaventura survey
2008_4	11/2008	Pole–dipole IP	Extension of initial Buenaventura survey
2009_1	08/2009	Moving loop time domain electromagnetics (TDEM)	Orientation survey across Canahuire discovery
2009_2	08/2009	Fixed loop TDEM	Orientation survey across Canahuire discovery
2009_3	08/2009	Airborne (helicopter) magnetic and radiometric	Exploration survey, detailed survey over AOI. Abandoned due to concerns from local communities.
2009_4	05/2009	Gravity	Nominal 250m centre programme over AOI and regional roads and tracks
2009_5	09/2009	Moving loop TDEM (MLEM)	Exploration survey over Katrinas’ area
2010_1	04/2010	Gradient IP	Detailed survey at Canahuire designed to map cross cutting structures
2010_2	04/2010	Gravity	Detailed orientation survey over Canahuire
2010_3	06/2010	Downhole TDEM (DHEM)	Katrina area. Many holes blocked due to obstruction and/or ice.
2010_4	07/2010	Pole–dipole IP	Western Canahuire – survey designed to map western extension to Canahuire breccia pipe model.
2010_5	08/2010	Pole–dipole IP	Exploration survey, Pampa program
NA	2018	Ground magnetic and pole–dipole IP	Geophysics (magnetic and induced polarization) at the Pachacutec and Pachacutec Norte prospects. Limited data available.


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drilled in 2020 and 148 m (three drill holes) in 2021. Drilling is summarized in Table 72 and hole collars are shown in Figure 74.

7.2.1.2	Drilling Supporting Mineral Resource Estimates

A total of 491 core holes (134,543 m) supports mineral resource estimation. A drill collar location plan is provided in Figure 75.

7.2.1.3

Drilling Excluded for Estimation Purposes

Drilling excluded for estimation purposes includes drilling in prospect areas away from the Canahuire deposit, and drill holes that were abandoned.

7.2.2

Drill Methods

Drill methods included core and RC. Core was primarily used to produce more representative samples as RC drilling often encountered difficulties at depths below the water table. An RC pre-collaring program was trialled on 49 holes; however, the poor ground conditions meant that drilling was often slower and costs were higher than core-only holes. The increased deviation of RC drilling resulted in a decrease in the overall drilling accuracy.

Core diameters included HQ size (63.5 mm core diameter), NQ (47.6 mm), BQ (36.4 mm). RC hole diameters included 4.375’’, 5–5.5”, and 7.25’’, although hole diameters were not consistently recorded.

7.2.3

Logging

Detailed geological logging was routinely completed on all drill core and RC drilling chips, with regular relogging campaigns undertaken as understanding of the deposit improved.

Geological logging protocols were introduced by Gold Fields Peru in 2009–2010. That standard geological legend was subsequently to capture the complexity of the breccia facies in the Canahuire deposit. Current logging records information such as weathering, stratigraphy, lithology, alteration, mineralogy, mineralisation, and structure. A geological reference atlas was developed for the Project to aid with consistency of geological logging.

Televiewer measurements were collected from 38 drill holes, all of which were drilled for geotechnical purposes. A total of 8,560 hand-held TerraSpec spectrometer measurements were taken from 257 holes to support alteration logging.

7.2.4

Recovery

7.2.5	Collar Surveys

Prior to drilling, planned collars were marked out by surveyors by total station (Trimble Laser Total Station 5500) from three geodesic points, each of which were surveyed using differential GPS with a base station in Arequipa. After drilling, collars were picked up by surveyors using total station instruments (Total Station 5500, Trimble M3, 2 second angular precision).


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Table 7-2:Property Drill Summary Table

Year/Period	Operator	Purpose	Number of Drill Holes	Metres Drilled (m)	Drill Contractor	Drill Type
July 2008 to February 2009	Buenaventura	Exploration	28	7,056.2	Internal	Skid-mounted Boart Long-year 1000
July 2009 to February 2010	Gold Fields Peru	Resource delineation phase/stage 1	39	15,234.3	AK Drilling International S.A.	Sandvik track-mounted DE-710 rigs
July 2010 to May 2011	Gold Fields Peru	Resource delineation phase/stage 2 and step-out holes	167	62,766.9	AK Drilling International S.A. Bradley-MDH SAC	Track- or truck- mounted Sandvik DE-710 rigs EDM rig Buggy-mounted Foremost W750 Truck-mounted Schramm
July 2010 to May 2011	Gold Fields Peru			Geotechnical, hydrogeological, metallurgical, sterilization	AK Drilling International S.A. Bradley-MDH SAC		46	8,047.6
July 2011 to September 2012	Buenaventura	Resource delineation phase/stage 3	31	13,905.75	AK Drilling International S.A. Bradley-MDH SAC	Track- or truck- mounted Sandvik DE-710 rigs EDM rig Buggy-mounted Foremost W750 Truck-mounted Schramm
July 2011 to September 2012	Buenaventura			Geotechnical, hydrogeological, metallurgical, sterilization	AK Drilling International S.A. Bradley-MDH SAC		183	23,911.45
2016	Buenaventura	Resource delineation	66	10,764.25	Explo Drilling Perú S.R.L	Track-mounted Christensen CT-20 Skid-mounted Boart Longyear LM-75 Skid-mounted Maq. Power H600 and H200 Skid-mounted Cortech CSD500C Track-mounted Atlas Copco ED 20
June to September 2017	Buenaventura	Geotechnical, metallurgical, other	17	2,994.85	Explo Drilling Perú S.R.L	Track-mounted Christensen CT-20 Skid-mounted Boart Longyear LM-75 Skid-mounted Boart Longyear LY-38
2019	Buenaventura	Resource delineation	31	8,032.1	Explo Drilling Perú S.R.L	Track-mounted Atlas Copco ED 20


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Year/Period	Operator	Purpose	Number of Drill Holes	Metres Drilled (m)	Drill Contractor	Drill Type
						Truck-mounted Atlas Copco ED 3000 Track-mounted Cortech MAX30C
2020	Buenaventura	Geotechnical, hydrogeological	42	3034.90	Explo Drilling Perú S.R.L	Truck-mounted Atlas Copco ED 3000 Track-mounted Christensen CT-20 Track-mounted Cortech MAX30C
2021	Buenaventura	Geotechnical	3	147.60	Explo Drilling Perú S.R.L	Track-mounted Cortech MAX30C
			533	155,896


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7.2.7

Comment on Material Results and Interpretation

SRK notes:

●

Drilling and surveying were conducted in accordance with industry-standard practices at the time the drilling as performed and provide suitable coverage of the zones of gold–copper–silver mineralization. Collar and down hole survey methods used generally provide reliable sample locations. Drilling methods provide good core recovery. Logging procedures provide consistency in descriptions;

●

These data are considered to be suitable for mineral resource and mineral reserve estimation. There are no drilling or core recovery factors in the drilling that supports the estimates that are known to the QP that could materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the results.

7.3	Hydrogeology

7.3.1

Sampling Methods and Laboratory Determinations

Hydrological testwork included installation of piezometers in selected boreholes and measurements of the underground water level, water chemical quality, the direction of the water flow, and lithology mapping. Infiltration, pumping, and recovery tests were performed to obtain the hydraulic properties of each rock type in those boreholes.

7.3.2

Comment on Results

SRK notes:

	●	Rock permeability is relatively low. The main water conduits are faults and fractures in the rock mass, and consideration of the locations of these was incorporated in mine and infrastructure design;

●

Water recharge occurs in the upper part of the deposit. Thereafter, the water crosses an unsaturated zone and becomes part of the underground flow in a saturated zone, flowing to springs, rivers, and micro-basins.

7.3.3

Groundwater Models

A hydrological numerical model was constructed using FEFLOW, a well-known commercial software based on the finite element method. There is projected to be almost no water flow during the main ramp construction in the initial months, until about month 6 (Figure 76). Later, in month 8, a water flow of about 40 L/sec is predicted, due to the intersection of the ramp with faulted zones. The water flow will decrease to about 10 L/sec when the mine is developed beyond these unfavorable zones. The water flow as predicted in peaks in months 23, 39, and 42, reaching inflows of 80, 100, and 90 L/sec, respectively. The water flow then decreases to about 20 L/sec for the remainder of the life-of-mine (LOM).


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Table 7-3:Rock Mass Rating

RMR Class	RMR Range	RMR Classification	Percentage of Mine Plan in RMR Classification (%)
II	80–61	Very Good	4
IIIA	60–51	Good	6
IIIB	50–41	Fair	15
IVA	40–31	Poor	46
IVB	30–21	Very Poor	25
V	20–0	Exc. Poor	5

Note: percentages have been rounded and may not sum to 100% due to rounding


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8	Sample preparation, analyses, and security

8.1	Sampling Methods

Core was removed from core barrels at the rig and placed into plastic core boxes and transported to the logging facility at the end of each drilling shift. Core sampling intervals varied by drill campaign and operator, ranging from 50 cm to 2 m. Samples that were <50 cm in length are related to targeted sampling of mineralisation or alteration. Samples that were > 2 m in length typically reflect zones of poor drilling recovery. Core samples were marked up by geologists, including a cut line equally separating the two halves of the core. Where core could not be cut due to the competency of the core, samples were collected with a spatula.

RC samples were collected on 1 m intervals. RC samples were collected using a triple-tiered riffle splitter. Chip trays were used to collect a sample for geological logging. The sampling method, recovery estimation and sample condition (e.g., wet, dry, damp.) were recorded as well as the sampling interval.

8.2	Sample Security Methods

Sample security during the Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura drill campaigns consisted of geological supervision of the sampling process, recording of samples on a laboratory despatch form, and signed receipt of bagged samples at the laboratory.

Drill core is stored in a third-party owned and monitored core sampling and storage facility in Arequipa that has a 24-hour security guard.

8.3	Density Determinations

Density determinations were completed using the wax-coated water immersion method and calculated using the formula:

Where W1 = dry sample weight; W2 = wax-coated sample weight; V1 = volume of water displaced; DP = the paraffin wax density (0.8 g/cm³).

Density measurements were primarily performed by the SGS Juliaca laboratory (SGS Juliaca), consisting of 5,246 sample determinations. Golder Associates performed measurements on 192 samples. There is no international accreditation for density determinations. Both SGS Juliaca and Golder Associates are and were independent of Buenaventura.

8.4	Analytical and Test Laboratories

Laboratories used for analysis included the SGS laboratory in Lima (SGS Lima; primary laboratory from 2008–2017) and the ALS laboratory in Lima (ALS Lima; primary laboratory for eight drill holes in 2009–2010, and primary laboratory from 2019 to date).


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All laboratories were and are independent of Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura. SGS (Peru) holds ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, NTP-ISO 17020, NTP-ISO 17025 and NTP-ISO 17065 accreditations for selected analytical techniques, and ALS Lima holds ISO 9001 and NTP-ISO 17025 accreditations for selected analytical techniques.

8.5	Sample Preparation

Sample preparation at ALS Arequipa (2019 to date) consisted of drying the sample (120ºC), crushing to 90% passing -10 mesh, and pulverizing to 85% passing 75 µm.

8.6	Analysis

The SGS Lima analytical procedure for gold was by fire assay using an atomic absorption (AA) finish (method FAA515/FAG 505). If the results exceeded 5 ppm, SGS Lima finished with an additional gravimetric analysis. SGS Lima also analysed for a 52-element package using an aqua regia digestion with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) finish (method ICP12B/AA11B). If the results exceeded 100 ppm Ag or 1,000 ppm for arsenic, lead, zinc, or manganese, SGS Lima re-analyzed with an aqua regia digestion and AA finish.

ALS Lima used the analytical methods summarized in Table 81.

8.7	Quality Assurance and Quality Control

A QA/QC review was performed by SRK in 2020. SRK considers there to be cross-contamination and mislabelling issues when the value for a blank sample is above 10 times detection limit per element. The acceptance limit is when 90% of samples are below 10 times detection limit.

Duplicate samples were assessed using a ranked half absolute relative difference (HARD) method. SRK’s HARD tolerances are <15% for field duplicates, <10% for coarse duplicates and <5% for fine duplicates.

Nineteen CRMs were used over the Project history, sourced from CDN Resource Laboratories Ltd (CDN), Geostats Pty Ltd., and Target Rocks. SRK uses a metric that the laboratory performance is acceptable when 90% samples fall within a range of +3 times the standard deviation + best value and - 3 times the deviation standard + best value.

QA/QC results are summarized in Table 83. On reviewing the results SRK recommended that:

●

Blanks: a blank with lower copper and lead values be used in future drill campaigns;

●

Duplicates: additional supervision of core sampling to ensure protocols are being followed; conduct a heterogeneity study;

●

CRMs: select a CRM that is more representative of the copper and silver values in the deposit; select a CRM that is more representative of the medium- and low-grade gold values in the deposit.


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Table 8-1:Analytical Methods, ALS Lima

Element	Method	Lower Limit	Upper Limit	Default Over-Limit Method	Method Description
Au	Au-AA24	0.005 ppm	10 ppm	Au-GRA21	Fire assay fusion + atomic absorption spectroscopy
Au	Au-GRA21	0.05 ppm	1,000 ppm		Fire assay fusion + gravimetric
Ag	ME-OG46	1 ppm	1500 ppm		HNO₃ - HCl digestion + ICP-AES
Cu			0.00%	50%
Pb			0.00%	20%
Ag	ME-MS41	0.01 ppm	100 ppm		Aqua regia digestion + ICP-AES/ICP-MS
Cu			0.2 ppm	10,000 ppm
Pb			0.2 ppm	10,000 ppm
Zn			2 ppm	10,000 ppm
C	C-IR07t	0.01%	100%		Induction furnace + infrared spectroscopy
S	S-IR08	0.01%	50%		Oxidation, induction furnace and infrared spectroscopy + sulphur analyzer

Note: ICP = inductively coupled plasma; AES = atomic emission spectroscopy; MS = mass spectrometry.

Table 8-2:QA/QC Insertion Rates

	2004–2012		2016–2017		2019 to Date
		Total	% Insertion	Total	% Insertion	Total	% Insertion
Primary samples analyzed	93,234		8,071		6,829
Blanks
Coarse blank	3,459	3.7	331	4.1	180	2.6
Pulp blank	66	0.1	51	0.6	195	2.9
Total	3,525	3.8	382	4.7	375	5.5
Duplicate
Field duplicate	3,283	3.5	0	0.0	118	1.7
Coarse duplicate	3,799	4.1	414	5.1	136	2.0
Pulp duplicate	3,489	3.7	0	0.0	144	2.1
Total	10,571	11.3	414	5.1	398	5.8
CRMs
Standard	3,192	3.4	386	4.8	374	5.5
Total	3,192	3.4	386	4.8	374	5.5
Total Inserted QC samples	17,288	18.5	1,182	14.6	1,147	16.8


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Table 8-3:QA/QC Results

Year	Laboratory	QA/QC Type	Comment
2008	ALS Lima	Coarse blank	Cross-contamination and mislabelling were not material issues; however, ALS Lima used for only eight drill holes.
2008	ALS Lima	Field duplicate	All duplicates were above the accepted limit
2008–2012	SGS Lima	Fine and coarse blank	Cross-contamination and mislabelling issues for Cu and Pb
2008–2012	SGS Lima	Fine, coarse, and field duplicate	Fine duplicates above the accepted limit for Au, Ag, Zn and Cu and Pb close to limit; coarse duplicates within the accepted limit for all elements; field duplicates above the accepted limit for all elements.
2008–2012	SGS Lima		CRM	All CRMs within accepted range; however, high-grade and medium-grade CRM results are close to the failure limits.
2016–2017	SGS Lima	CRM	One CRM for copper, sourced from CDN, failed.
2016–2017			Fine and coarse blank	Cross-contamination and mislabelling issues for Cu and Pb
2016–2017			Coarse duplicate	Coarse duplicates outside the accepted limit for all elements
2019	ALS Lima	Coarse and pulp blank	Cross-contamination and mislabelling issues for Cu and Pb
2019			Fine, coarse, field duplicate	Fine duplicates above the accepted limit for Au; coarse duplicates within the accepted limit for all elements; field duplicates above the accepted limit for all elements.
2019			CRM	All CRMs within accepted range

8.8	Database

In 2009, Gold Fields Peru implemented a data management system in which the geological data was stored in SQL Server Database and logging data was stored in GV_Mapper program. Both datatypes were uploaded from Excel spreadsheets to datasheet, and data validation was controlled by procedures, library tables and queries (check overlapping, incorrect collar location, etc.) that were run by the geologist responsible. There is no information available as to database backup procedures.

Buenaventura stored geological and logging data in the acQuire database system. Data was uploaded manually (sample registration), from Excel spreadsheets or directly in the case of assay data. There was no validation data procedure specified; however, the responsible geologist visually validated the data inputs.

8.9	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Sample Preparation, Security, and Analytical Procedures

The sample preparation, analysis, quality control, and security procedures used by Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura changed over time. The QP considers that the QA/QC protocols are consistent with accepted industry best practices at the time the analyses were performed.

The QP is of the opinion that the sample preparation, analysis, quality control, and security procedures are sufficient to provide reliable data to support estimation of mineral resources and mineral reserves.


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As part of the review of the sample preparation analysis and security, SRK have undertaken a full review of the available QA/QC data available. In the SRK’s opinion, the procedures adopted led to a reliable database and SRK is confident that the quality of the data is sufficient for use in a mineral resource estimate, which has been estimated in conformity with the generally accepted 2019 CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines.

The sample preparation, analysis, quality control, and security procedures used by Gold Fields Peru and Buenaventura changed over time. SRK considers that the QA/QC protocols are consistent with accepted industry best practices.

SRK is of the opinion that the sample preparation, analysis, quality control, and security procedures are sufficient to provide reliable data to support estimation of mineral resources and mineral reserves.

Buenaventura targeted a 5% insertion rate of the QA/QC samples for blanks (combined fine and coarse), field, preparation and laboratory duplicates and certified reference materials. It is noted that the field and pulp duplicates, and pulp blanks were underrepresented. Specifically for the 2016-2017 drilling program, this resulted in very small and statistically unrepresentative sample populations, which would need to be increased in future work programs to ensure all expected grade ranges are covered.

According to the QA/QC data provided, SRK considers that no sample contamination occurred during the drill core sample preparation and analysis procedure for gold, silver and zinc. However, cross-contamination and mislabelling issues for copper and lead can be observed in all drilling programs. These elements should be monitored carefully where grades are considered to be marginal. Where copper and lead are considered to have a material impact within the Project, additional duplicates or use of a different blank should be considered to ensure robust confidence in key grades.

Based on SRK’s criteria for precision analysis, all samples received a fail in all elements for field duplicates. Each sample medium improves in repeatability based on the fineness of material observed. This may relate to the process undertaken or the liberation of mineralogy and as such required additional studies in future QA/QC programs.

The accuracy of the copper analyzed at SGS for the standard CDN-CGS-20 and CDN-CM-1 are outside of the acceptable levels, but do not represent a material issue. SRK recommends submitting more standard reference materials for copper, silver, and medium- and low-grade gold, for results that will be more representative of the deposit.

SRK considered all the duplicate information available in the database. The values of field duplicates vary, and therefore the assay results are considered to be of low to intermediate precision. SRK considers that the results from the 2019 demonstrate better precision; however, SRK believes that the duplicate sampling method can be improved

SRK suggests that, in future drilling programs, there is an increase in the number of field duplicates collected, to 5% of the insertions, to ensure the full grade range is represented and a statistically viable sample population is available for review. Buenaventura should ensure that all pulp and coarse duplicate analysis of reject material is sourced from known grade material retrospective of the preliminary sampling program. This will ensure full representativity of the material and avoid low-grade material being repeated unnecessarily. Continual monitoring of the copper and lead grades within blanks material is required. Buenaventura should also obtain a new source of blank material that does not contain copper and lead for use in future sampling.

SRK believes that the data do not significantly impact the mineral resource confidence classifications; however, Buenaventura should locate the field duplicates in the 3D model with the aim of identifying the more problematic zones that have low precision or accuracies from the QA/QC data so as to monitor and control those zones.

SRK recommends validating the protocols used for collecting and preparing drill hole samples with a heterogeneity study, focusing on the geological domains that will be the most important during production, ideally within the first or second year of production. Currently, there is no heterogeneity study that supports the sample mass, particle size, mineral, and grade


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9	Data verification

9.1	Internal Data Verification

Buenaventura uses a systematic database formatted program (acQuire) that ensures the integrity of the data, and reduces error in the data entry with requirements and procedures for record data using the inhouse software system SIGEO and GVMapper. Buenaventura´s geologists use a visual validation step prior to data entry. Buenaventura does not have an internal database verification procedure. SRK suggests developing a procedure that contains the rules of how to enter data and the procedures required when inconsistencies or errors are found.

9.2	External Data Verification

9.3	Data Verification by Qualified Person

SRK noted the following:

	●	No significant inconsistencies were found in the database;

●

A cross-validation with the laboratory reports (database vs assay certificates) reached a 98.8% acceptance rate;

●

The inconsistencies were related to rounding, as well as to differences between laboratories as to the detection limit values for analytical techniques.

The drill hole database was reviewed to support the estimation of mineral resources, and no significant inconsistencies were found. The assay cross-validation (BNV assay database vs assay laboratory certificates) had a 98.8% acceptance rate. The inconsistencies found were minimal and are related to decimal rounding and different methods used to transform the lower laboratory detection limits into the database.

Recovery and RQD geomechanical data were reviewed and no inconsistencies were found.

The density data were reviewed, and no significant inconsistencies were found.

Geometallurgical and hydrogeological data were not reviewed because Buenaventura did not provide related information.

9.4	Qualified Person’s Opinion on Data Adequacy

In the opinion of SRK, the database is consistent and acceptable for resource estimation.


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10	Mineral processing and metallurgical testing

10.1	Introduction

The San Gabriel orebody has a long history of metallurgical testwork, dating back to 2011.

There has also been an evolution of the geological and mineralization style model from what was a predominantly replacement style ore with minor stockwork and breccia components to the latest geological model of monomictic and polymictic breccias resulting in a new geometallurgical model.

10.2	Test Laboratories

Testwork was conducted at SGS Lakefield in Canada (SGS Lakefield), Plenge Laboratories in Lima (Plenge), Pocock Industrial (Pocock), Agnitia, Bureau Veritas, Certimin, Gekko, and Metso Outotec. There is no international standard of accreditation provided for metallurgical testing laboratories or metallurgical testing techniques. The test facilities are independent of Buenaventura.

10.3	Metallurgical Testwork

The metallurgical testwork program was carried out in a number of phases.

10.3.1

Historical Test Programs

During the Chucapaca phase in 2011–2012, an extensive testwork program was carried out into gravity concentration, intensive leaching, comminution, carbon-in-leach (CIL), flotation and concentrate characterization. This program determined the optimum grind size to be 45 µm. The impact on filtering and cake disposal was not considered at that time.

A mineralogical characterization program was carried out in 2017 by SGS Lakefield that provided the foundation for the subsequent metallurgical performance predictions.

Gold was found to occur as native gold and electrum, although in some minor semi-refractory ore there are significant amounts of maldonite (Au₂Bi). Free gold in the range 20–30% was found, indicating the potential for gravity recovery of gold. Gold is generally finely encapsulated and sub-microscopic gold is of the order of 10%, indicating a recovery cap of 90% at best. The average sulphur content is 12%, mainly as iron sulphides, with only minor cyanide-soluble copper minerals. There is evidence of organic carbon with potential to cause preg-robbing issues.

Further testwork focussed on initial variability testing of gravity flotation and CIL components of the flowsheet, followed by process optimization tests including pre-aeration to passive cyanide-consuming sulphides.

This testwork was mainly carried out at Plenge.

10.3.2

2021 Study Test Programs (2019–2020)

The 2019–2020 testwork was performed by Plenge to confirm historical data and certain assumptions from the previous study phases particularly related to pulp rheology and dewatering characteristics, as the basis of the study design.

Gold recovery of 85.4% was achieved.


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10.3.3	Studies and Testwork During 2021.

Further confirmatory studies and laboratory testwork were performed during 2021

Metallurgical samples from a resampling campaign were tested in the Plenge Laboratories with two key objectives:

	●	First stage: generation of tailings samples for geotechnical, geomechanical and geochemical tests;

●

Second stage: Confirmation of the process flow diagram and a variability program for gold and silver recoveries, taking into account the revised geological model.

The key reports are listed in Table 101.

10.3.3.1	First Stage—Tailings Characterization

Laboratory testwork was undertaken at Plenge. The tailings generated were then used for geotechnical, geomechanical and geochemical testing by Golder and the results documented in a final report in October 2021. The report included sedimentation and filtration results which are being used for the definition of the pre-leach and tailings thickeners and pressure filter design, and supplementing previous testwork performed by Plenge and Pocock.

10.3.3.2	Second Stage—Process Validation and Variability Program

The second stage of the testwork aimed to validate the process flow diagram and the gold and silver recoveries. These results were used to develop the Project’s geometallurgical model. These findings are summarized in TRANSMIN reports: “SGAB Au recovery 2021-08-03” and “SGAB Au Ag recovery models 2021-08-11”.

10.3.3.3	Sample Representativity

Samples from 2017 to 2021 were used for the modelling as follows:

	●	162 samples for recoveries:

o27 from 2017 tests;

o135 from 2021 tests;

●

109 samples for Bond ball mill work index (BWi):

o86 from 2011–2017 tests;

o23 from 2021 tests.

The samples were analyzed to assess their representativeness, considering main features:

●

Au, Ag, Fe, Cu, S, As;

●

Lithology;

●

Alteration type and intensity;

●

Mineral composition;

●

Structure style and type.

About 85% of the samples were derived from measured and indicated mineral resources. The process flowsheet considered was gravity-CIL.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 10-2

Table 10-1:2021 Testwork and Studies Reports

Description

Plenge 18599 CMBSAA San Gabriel Final.pdf – Variabilidad Cianuración – Destrucción de Cianuro – Sedimentación - October 2021

Golder 21-10-21_20350664_Reporte_RevB.pdf - Informe Caracterización Geotécnica Del Relave De La Planta San Gabriel – October 2021

Transmin SGAB Au recovery 2021-08-03 Rev A 2021-08-05.pdf

Transmin SGAB Au Ag recovery models 2021-08-11.pdf

Agnitia Prog Prod SG 2021NV4620-Final-V2.xlsx – September 2021

10.3.3.4

Gold Geometallurgical Model

It was found through correlations that the silver grade, above or below 7 g/t Ag, could be used to define three geometallurgical domains (UGMs) as summarized in Table 102, with weighted recoveries. Figure 101 is a map showing the distribution of the gold recoveries. The higher silver grades are interpreted to represent high-sulphidation sulphosalt mineralization that has an increased tendency for the gold associations to be more complex and less amenable to leaching.

10.3.3.5

Silver Geometallurgical Model:

As per the gold correlation, the geometallurgical silver domains can be represented by silver grades above and below 7 g/t. This is summarized in Table 103, with weighted recoveries.

Figure 102 is a map showing the distribution of the recoveries. The predicted recovery from the latest geometallurgical model confirms the value used in process design of 85.4%.

10.3.3.6

BWi Geometallurgical Model:

The BWi appears well correlated to the iron content in the ore. It is recommended that the iron assays be populated into the block model as an ore hardness predictor. The geometallurgical model for the BWi is presented in Table 104. Figure 103 is a map showing the distribution of the BWis.

10.4	Metallurgical Results as Basis for the 2021 Study Design

10.4.1

Ore Characteristics

The values used for design are shown in Table 105. These correspond to the 75^th percentile (Pct75) of the experimental values or the arithmetic average of samples when the Pct75 is not applicable.

10.4.2

Comminution

Pct75 data from 70 samples for all three ore types are centred very closely around the values summarized in Table 106. In summary the San Gabriel mineralization is of low competency for semi-autogenous grind (SAG) milling but in the hard range for ball milling. A SAG/ball (SAB) circuit is indicated, with no requirement for pebble crushing.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 10-3

Table 10-3:Predicted Silver Recoveries by Geometallurgical Domain

Geometallurgical Domain	Mass		% Rec. Ag
Geometallurgical Domain		Mt	% Rec. Ag	%
Lo_Ag	14.46	60	50
Hi_Ag	9.66	40	37
Total	24.12	100	44.8

Figure 10-2:Silver Forecast Recovery Map

Note: Figure prepared by Transmin, 2021. Model recoveries in legend key shown as percentages.

Table 10-4:BWI Metallurgical Model

Fe Domain	Algorithm	BWi
Lo	Fe < 12%t	17
Hi	Remainder	14


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
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Table 10-5:Ore Characteristics

Description	Value
Specific gravity (design) SG	3.00
Bulk density (design; g/cm3)	Range 1.70–1.90, nominal 1.80
Ore moisture ROM	2% to 5%, 5% is used for ROM ore
Au grade g/t (LOM)	4.04 (mine plan 2021)
Ag grade g/t (LOM)	6.43 (mine plan 2021)
Cu% (LOM) (%)	0.07
S% (LOM Zona Sur)	11.9
As ppm (LOM Zona Sur)	691

Table 10-6:Ore Comminution Parameters

Description	Unit	Value
CWi (Design, Pct75)	kW.h/t	16.2
SPI (Design Pct75)	Minutes	37.6
JK Axb		75
BWi (Design Pct75)	kW.h/t	16.3

Notes” CWi = crushing work index, SPI = SAG power index; JK Axb = breakage parameters.

10.4.3

Gravity Concentration

The latest results from Plenge using the granulometric sizes expected from the hydrocyclone underflow (296 µm) delivers a global gravity recovery of 13.7% for gold and 1.7% for silver. In all cases the mass recovery was 0.5%.

Intensive cyanide leach tests on gravity concentrates achieved 97% recovery in 12 hours leaching time, increasing only very slightly if the leaching time was extended to 24 hrs.

10.4.4

Carbon-in-Leach

CIL tests on gravity tails achieved recoveries ranging from 75–85%. There was little gain in cyanide addition beyond 1.5 kg/t; however, pre-aeration for 8 hrs did result in an additional 2% recovery.

Test results relating to the effect of the pH on the slurry rheology, has resulted in a lowering of the leaching pH to 10.5 and increasing the cyanide addition to 1.7 kg/t.

Design recovery for the gravity-CIL circuit is 86.48%, which is in accordance with mineralogical expectations i.e. 95% practical recovery of the ´recoverable’ gold (excluding sub-microscopic material) which would yield 86%.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 10-8

10.4.5

Cyanide Destruction

Cyanide destruction tests using the ‘INCO’ system using sodium metabisulphite, ferrous sulphate, oxygen and copper sulphate achieved low levels of both weakly acid dissociable cyanide (CNWAD) and total cyanide with addition of reagents (Table 107).

All detoxing laboratory testwork (Plenge) indicated a more effective detoxification by the use of oxygen.

10.4.6	De-watering Tests

Pre-leach thickener sedimentation tests for the pre-leach thickener is as per the 2021 Study design for a 45% solids underflow with a thickener sizing parameter of 0.144 m²/(t/d), equivalent to a 24 m diameter thickener.

Final tailings thickener sedimentation tests resulted in the thickener underflow averaging 55% solids and indicated a thickener sizing parameter of 0.22 m²/(t/d), equivalent to a 30 m diameter thickener. Further developments indicate the use of a lower percentage of solids in the thickener underflow from 55 to a nominal value of 47% (range 45% to 50%) due to viscosity issues detected during the variability study (Plenge).

Filtration tests have indicated a specific filtration rate of 0.44 m²/(t/h) producing a filter cake of 20% moisture (2021 Study design). This moisture is higher than the current geotechnical requirement of 14% moisture for final disposal in the FTSF.

This mismatch of moistures between filter delivery and geotechnical requirements required the inclusion of drying areas to condition the filtered tailings.

10.5	Metallurgical Design Basis

The metallurgical testwork results support the process route selection of a SAB milling circuit followed by a gravity-CIL gold recovery circuit with cyanide destruction and pressure filtration of the tails, as further detailed in Chapter 14. The design basis for overall gold recovery is 85.4% and the silver recovery is 44.6%. Both these recovery values have been confirmed through the 2021 geometallurgical modelling.

10.6	Deleterious Elements

Preg-robbing organic materials are present in the ore. This has been addressed by including a supplementary addition of active carbon to the front of the CIL circuit to compete against the preg-robbing organics.

As is common in Au epithermal deposits there is Hg present which is captured in a retort furnace

The ore has a significant swelling clays content and therefore rheology issues under alkaline pH conditions and where there are high solids percentages present. The design recommendations include a neutral milling process isolating the milling and CIL circuit by means of a pre-leaching thickener step.

The 2021 Study included provision for a future solution detoxification plant if the recycling of thiocyanates presented operational problems. However, current testwork suggests the thiocyanate recycling can be achieved without that plant.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 10-9

11	Mineral resource estimates

11.1	Introduction

The mineral resource estimate is supported by core drilling. Leapfrog Software version 6.0 and Vulcan © version 12.1 were used to construct the geological solids, prepare assay data for geostatistical analysis, construct the block model, estimate metal grades and tabulate mineral resources. Supervisor © Software version 8.13 was used for geostatistical analysis, variography, and quantitative kriging neighborhood analysis (QKNA).

The block model block size of 5 x 5 x 5 m and subblock size of 1 x 1 x 1 m is considered acceptable given the average deposit thickness of 170 m, and assumptions of underground cut-and-fill mining methods.

11.2	Exploratory Data Analysis

Initial data analysis of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, antimony and sulphur were performed by domain. This indicated that grade caps would be required for some elements and domains.

Box plots were prepared for composites grades to establish suitable estimation domains for element gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, antimony and sulphur.

11.3	Geological Models

Geological models were based on, in order:

	●	Structural geology, primarily the breccia;

●

A 1 g/t Au grade envelope;

●

Sub-domains using 2 g/t Au cut-offs

Different cut-off grades were used to determine the envelope limits for the gold and silver estimates; this reflected the differences in the grade continuity between mineralized zones.

The deposit was divided into two areas, north and south. Envelopes were constructed for each area using a semi-manual envelope method. The mineralized intervals were manually selected, the envelopes were automatically generated using the Leapfrog software extrusion tool, and some manual edits were applied.

For silver, domains were constructed using a cut-off of 30 g/t Ag and divided into two subdomains (high-grade and low-grade) using the same methods as employed for gold.

A single domain, based on the breccia, was used for copper, lead, zinc, antimony and sulphur. No subdomains were defined for these elements.

11.4	Density Assignment

Mean bulk density values to were assigned by lithology domain and grade envelope. Bulk density assignments ranged from 2.43–2.85 t/m³.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 11-1

11.5	Grade Capping/Outlier Restrictions

The need for, and selection of, grade caps was evaluated using initial statistics, probability plots and co-efficient of variation versus mean plots. Capping ranges included:

●

Gold: domain no cap applied to 50 g/t Au;

●

Silver: no cap applied to 100 g/t Ag;

●

Copper: no cap applied to 0.7% Cu;

●

Zinc: no cap applied to 0.9% Zn;

●

Lead: no cap applied to 0.5% Pb;

	●	Antimony: no cap applied to 0.1% Sb

●

Sulphur: no cap applied to 20% S.

11.6	Composites

Assay data were composited to 2.5 m length samples. However, a tolerance of 50% was allowed, such that for every interval sampled with a length ≤0.5 m that had a geological code equal to the preceding section, that interval was added to the previous composite.

11.7	Variography

Variograms and QKNA were produced for each domain and element.

11.8	Estimation/interpolation Methods

The following numbers of samples were used:

●

Gold: a minimum of two, and maximum of 20 composites;

●

Silver: a minimum of two and maximum of 12 composites;

●

Copper and sulphur: a minimum of two and maximum of 16 composites;

	●	Zinc: a minimum of two and maximum of 26 composites;

	●	Lead: a minimum of two and maximum of 14 composites;

	●	Antimony: a minimum of two and maximum of 22 composites.

11.9	Validation

Models were validated using:

	●	Visual inspection of grades with comparison between blocks and composites;

●

Global statistical comparison of the OK model with a nearest-neighbour (NN) model;

●

Swath plots.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 11-2

No material biases were noted from the reviews.

11.10

Confidence Classification of Mineral Resource Estimate

Mineral resources were classified using the following criteria:

	●	Measured mineral resource: Maximum distance of the 3 holes closest to the block is equal to 15 meters. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate equal to 3.

●

Indicated mineral resource: Maximum distance of the 3 closest holes to the block is equal to 36 meters. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate equal to 2.

●

Inferred mineral resource: Maximum distance of the 3 closest holes to the block is equal to 60 meters. Minimum number of drill holes considered within the estimate equal to 1.

Classifications were reviewed to remove outlier blocks of one confidence classification where surrounding blocks had been assigned a different classification.

Manual contouring was undertaken as the final step, whereby classifications were smoothed to provide a geologically sensible classification, and check that all outlier blocks of one confidence classification where surrounding blocks had been assigned a different classification had been correctly re-assigned.

11.11

Reasonable Prospects of Economic Extraction

11.11.1	Input Assumptions

The assumed mining method is overhand drift-and-fill, a variant of cut-and-fill mining (refer to Chapter 13 for details).

Input parameters to the stope designs were based on an overhand drift-and-fill mining method, and included the following:

●

Commodity prices: US$1,600/oz Au, US$25/oz Ag;

	●	Metallurgical recoveries: metallurgical recovery is expressed as “R_AU_T” and “R_AG_T” attributes in the block model, representing the total recovery of each element;

●

NSR equations, estimated into the block model by Buenaventura:

oNSRAu2 = ((1600-7.38)*au_ppm*R_AU_T)*0.999/31.1035;

oNSRAg2 = ((25*R_AG_T)*ag_ppm)*0.999/31.1035;

oNSRTot2 = NSRAu2+NSRAg2;

●

Stope sizes: primary and secondary = 4 x 4 x 12 m.

Internal and external dilution considerations included the following criteria:

●

Internal dilution corresponded to waste material within the stope designs;


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 11-3

●

External dilution corresponded to waste material that would be contributed by operational activities. This resulted in an equivalent linear overbreak sloughage (ELOS) of 0.15 m being assigned to the hanging wall and 0.15 m assigned to the footwall.

11.11.2

Commodity Prices

Commodity prices used to calculate the NSR value for the consideration of reasonable prospects for economic extraction are the same as those used for mineral reserves estimation.

Gold and silver were considered as payable elements, using following prices:

	●	Gold price: US$1,600/oz;

●

Silver price: US$25.00/oz.

The justification for the selection of the projected metal prices is included in Chapter 16.

11.11.3

Cut-off

Marginal cut-off was defined assuming the overhand drift-and-fill mining method and the following cost inputs:

●

Marginal cut-off:

oMining: US$34.78/t;

oProcessing: US$17.87/t;

oGeneral and administrative: no allocation; costs are assumed to be fixed;

oSustaining capital cost estimate: US$7.51/t;

oTotal: US$60.00/t.

Mineral resources are reported using the marginal cut-off of US$60.00/t.

11.12	Mineral Resource Statement

Mineral resources are reported using the mineral resource definitions set out in SK1300, and are reported exclusive of those mineral resources converted to mineral reserves. The reference point for the estimate is in situ. The measured and indicated mineral resource estimates are provided in Table 111. The inferred mineral resource estimates are included in Table 112.

The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the estimate is SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A. The estimates are current as at 31 December, 2021.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 11-4

Table 11-1:Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Statement

Confidence Category	Tonnage (Mt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
Measured	0.38	1.65	2.78
Indicated	10.51	1.61	7.24
Total Measured and Indicated	10.89	1.61	7.08

Table 11-2:Inferred Mineral Resource Statement

Confidence Category	Tonnage (Mt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
Inferred	13.97	2.49	9.53
Total Inferred	13.97	2.49	9.53

Notes to accompany mineral resource tables:

The reference point for the mineral resource estimate is in situ, and the estimate does not incorporate dilution. Mineral resources are current as at December 31, 2021, and are reported using the mineral resource definitions in SK1300. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the resource estimate is SRK Consulting (Peru) S.A

2.	Mineral resources are reported exclusive of those mineral resources converted to mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

Mineral resources are reported inside MSO stopes designed above a net smelter return cut-off of US$60.00/t The NSR equations are NSRGold = ((1600-7.38)*gold grade * gold metallurgical recovery) * 0.999/31.1035; NSRSilver =( (25*silver metallurgical recovery)* silver grade _ppm)*0.999/31.1035; and NSRTotal = NSRGold + NSRSilver. NSR formulas were defined and calculated in the block model by Buenaventura.

5.	Numbers have been rounded.

11.13

Uncertainties (Factors) That May Affect the Mineral Resource Estimate


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 11-5

12	Mineral reserve estimates

12.1	Introduction

12.2	Development of Mining Case

Mining plans and engineering studies were completed, and were at a minimum pre-feasibility-level studies.

Based on the selected mining methods, and using the resource block model, a mine design was prepared for each individual stope. Only measured and indicated mineral resources were converted in the stope design to estimate proven and probable mineral reserves.

The steps used in conversion included:

●

Compute NSR cut-off;

	●	Compute economic income per block of the resource model;

●

Identify and analyze the economic envelope (income ≥ NSR cut-off);

●

Set up Datamine- mine stope optimiser (MSO) module with mining unit dimension, mining dilution and NSR cut-off;

●

Run Datamine-MSO module in the economic envelope. Review and adjust inputs as necessary, rerun Datamine-MSO module in the economic envelope as needed;

●

Mine design;

	●	Review mining sequence in terms of the stope potential economic value (based on diluted grades) and mineral resource categories;

	●	Equipment selection based on a 3,000 t/d maximum production capacity (based on an approved environmental impact study and past studies);

	●	Production scheduling based on mine preparation, mine development, mine production and cemented aggregate fill (CAF) backfilling productivities;

	●	Preliminary reserve confidence categories whereby measured and indicated mineral resource portions of stopes were modified to proven and probable mineral reserves respectively;

	●	Final operational and economic stope review (only stopes that have mineral reserves classified) to eliminate those stopes that do not comply with the pre-set operational and economic criteria;

	●	Prepare a production schedule;

	●	Tabulate mineral reserves.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 12-1

12.3	Dilution and Mine Recovery

Dilution and mining recovery for each stope were estimated after consideration of the planned mining method and stope design, and were applied as a modifying factor in the form of a percentage allowance of the in-situ estimated tonnage of the stope.

12.4	Cut-Off Grades

An NSR cut-off was used in preference to a grade cut-off, since both gold and silver are contributors to the Project economics. Inputs to the NSR cut-off are provided in Table 121. The NSR cut-offs selected were US$88/t for overhand drift-and-fill, US$90/t for underhand drift-and-fill, and US$85/t for overhand sub-level retreat.

12.5	Mineral Reserve Statement

Mineral reserves are reported in Table 122.

12.6	Uncertainties (Factors) That May Affect the Mineral Reserve Estimate

Political and environmental challenges that could affect the mineral reserves as follows:

	●	Retain mineral and surface rights titles, maintain environment and other regulatory permits, and maintain the social license to operate. The Qualified Person Firm is of the opinion that country political risk has not been studied in detail according 2021 presidential election results and unexpected delays could occur in the public consultation stage for environmental permits.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 12-2

Table 12-1:NSR Input Parameters

Item	Unit	Overhand Drift-and-Fill	Underhand Drift-and-Fill	Overhand Sub-Level Retreat
Mining cost	US$/t mined	37.75	39.67	35.06
Process cost	US$/t processed	23.62	23.62	23.62
General and administrative costs	US$/t processed	18.73	18.73	18.73
Sustaining capital cost	US$/t processed	7.51	7.99	7.99
Total	US$/t processed	88	90	85


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 12-3

Table 12-2:Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve Statement

Area	Confidence Category	Tonnage (kt)	Gold Grade (g/t Au)	Silver Grade (g/t Ag)
UDF	Proven	564	5.24	1.66
		Probable	2,652	4.24	3.84
		Sub-total proven and probable	3,216	4.88	3.45
SARC	Proven	0	0.00	0.00
		Probable	1,619	3.09	8.20
		Sub-total proven and probable	1,619	3.09	8.20
ODF	Proven	418	4.89	3.08
		Probable	9,681	3.89	7.26
		Sub-total proven and probable	10,099	3.93	7.09
Total	Proven	983	5.09	2.26
		Probable	13,952	3.97	6.72
		Proven and Probable	14,934	4.04	6.43

Notes to accompany mineral reserve tables:

1.	The reference point for the mineral reserve estimate is the point of delivery to the process plant. Mineral reserves are current as at 31 December 2021 and are reported using the mineral reserve definitions in SK1300. The Qualified Person Firm responsible for the estimate is Agnitia Consulting SAC.

3.	Mineral reserves are reported above a net smelter return cut-off of $US$88/t for overhand drift-and-fill, $US$90/t for underhand drift-and-fill and $US$85/t for overhand sub-level retreat mining methods.

4.	Numbers in the table have been rounded.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 12-4

13	Mining methods

13.1	Geotechnical Considerations

Geotechnical data collection is described in Chapter 7.4. The majority of the rock types are classified as “Fair”, “Poor” or “Very Poor”, using the 1989 Bieniawski rock mass rating criteria.

Geotechnical support requirements were analysed using a combination of the Matthews stability graph and numerical models in the commercially-available software packages Phase2D, FLAC3D, RocSupport and Unwedge. Stope sizing and the backfill sequence were also computer-analyzed.

The recommended stope sizes were 72 m wide x 20 m high x 52 m long in overhand drift-and-fill stopes, 72 m wide x 20 m high x 55 m long in underhand drift-and-fill stopes, and 82 m wide x 52 m high x 40 m long in overhand sub-level retreat stopes. Support types recommended included helicoidal bolts, fibre reinforcement and mesh.

13.2	Hydrogeological Considerations

Hydrological data collection is described in Chapter 7.3. The water inflow expected over the LOM is an average 20 L/sec. The dewatering pumping system design capacity for the LOM is 88 L/sec. Short-term peak inflows are projected early in the mine life, which are associated with fault zones and may reach as much as 100 L/sec. Auxiliary pumping will be required during those periods.

13.3	Operations

13.3.1

Mining Method Selection

Nine mining methods were evaluated, including open pit, block caving, sub-level stoping, sub-level caving, longwall mining, room-and-pillar, shrinkage stoping, overhand drift-and-fill, underhand drift-and-fill, and overhand sub-level retreat. Overhand drift-and-fill and overhand sub-level retreat methods will be used where the rock mass rating was “Fair” or “Poor”, and underhand drift-and-fill methods where the rock mass rating was “Very Poor”.

13.3.2

Design Assumptions and Design Criteria

During the pre-production period, the following excavations will be conducted:

●

Two 4.5 x 4.5 m access ramps that will have a 12% gradient, and will be located to the north and south of the orebody;

	●	Three 4.5 x 4.5m main crosscuts at the 4,620 m and 4,700 m Levels that will have a 1% incline will be excavated the purposes of the main truck haulage, ventilation circuits, closure between ramps and personnel/auxiliary equipment transportation;

●

Four ventilation shafts of 3.4 m diameter; one 2.1 m shaft will be used for piping, and one 2 m shaft will be used for piping;

●

A number of 4.5 x 4.5 m bypasses to access the ore zones from the main crosscuts;

●

Minor temporary excavations such as pumping stations and shelters.

Mining development will start in year 1 of production and will include all required excavations to ensure production continuity below the 4,600 m Level. The mine plan, based on the mineral reserve estimates, is for a 14-year period.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 13-1

A schematic showing the ramps and main access levels is included as Figure 131.

13.4	Ventilation

The commercial mine ventilation software Ventsim was used to estimate ventilation requirements. Ventilation requirements were divided into four stages, to reflect the elevations at which mining activities will be undertaken at various times during operations (Table 131). A ventilation schematic is provided in Figure 132 (south zone) and Figure 133 (north zone).

The auxiliary ventilation system at each mining front will deliver fresh air using two 35,000 cfm auxiliary fans, at the rate of 27.4 m/min of air. The fresh air for underground mine development will be delivered by four 75,000 cfm auxiliary fans that will be located in the southern and northern ramp accesses, which are planned to deliver 64,000 cfm of fresh air.

13.5	Blasting and Explosives

Blasting will be performed by a contractor, with different blast requirements and loading factors for the different mining methods (Table 132).

13.6	Underground Sampling and Production Monitoring

The sampling method that will be applied to San Gabriel will be channel sampling, as is currently undertaken at the other Buenaventura production units.

Channel sampling involves cutting a channel across the rock face. Depending on the mineralization, the channel can be cut horizontally or vertically to the dip of the ore body. The channel is kept at a uniform width and depth to ensure low delimitation and extraction errors. Channels are generally about 10 cm wide; 2.5 cm deep and with a length of 30 to 100 cm- These dimensions yield a sample of about 4.5 –6 kg/m.

In shaft or ramps that cut tabular structures or elongated mineralized bodies, sampling is extended to also include horizontal channels on both sides of the cut.

Production monitoring will be used to monitor the on-going sampling and assaying QA/QC program. This will include monthly and yearly reconciliations; and annual internal and/or external peer review of systems.

13.7	Production Schedule

13.7.1

Production Schedule

The planned production schedule was based on a 3,000 t/d production rate (Figure 13 4).

13.7.2

Mining Sequence

The mining sequence will commence with the highest gold grades; these are located between the 4,620 m and 4,720 m Levels.

Figure 135 shows the LOM stope sequencing plan.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 13-2

Table 13-2:Drilling and Blasting Proposed General Configuration

Item/Method/Stage	ODF, UDF-Sill Pillar & SARC	UDF-Cut	SARC-Slot	SARC-2 operating benches
Area (m²)	15.69	19.69	8	32
Drills (#)	36	45	17	24
Explosives (kg)	80.71	101.55	105.32	146.81
Effective Advance (m/blast)	3.3	3.46	8	8
Loading factor (kg/t)	0.55	0.53	0.58	0.2

Figure 13-4:Forecast Production Schedule

Note: Figure prepared by Agnitia, 2021.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 13-6

Table 13-3:Equipment Fleet Requirements

Area	Equipment	LOM Peak
Mining	Drilling jumbo, one arm	5
		Scooptram 7.3 yd³ capacity	6
		Bolting jumbo	5
		Scaler	6
		Simba M4C	2
		Roboshot 20 m³/h	5
		Mixer 4 m³ capacity	7
		Dump trucks, 20 m³ capacity	10
Auxiliar	Bobcat 975 kg	1
		Motor grader underground	1
		Fuel truck BD5 (combustible)	1
		Water truck 5,000 L	1
		Explosives delivery truck	1
		Utility vehicles 5 t	1
		Pickup vehicles 4 x 4	6
		Minibus	4
		Personal delivery truck	2
		Front-end loader 3.4 m³ capacity	2
		Scissor lift	5
Backfill	Scooptram 7.3 yd³ capacity	7
Backfill		Trucks, 20 m³ capacity	10


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 13-8

14	Recovery methods

14.1	Process Method Selection

Plant design is based on the testwork discussed in Chapter 10, and consists of the following:

●

Primary jaw crusher;

●

SAB circuit to a grind size P₈₀ of 45 µm;

●

Gravity concentration with intensive leach reactor (ILR);

●

Cyanide leaching in CIL configuration (considering organic carbon and tendency for preg-robbing) with a pre-oxidation stage;

●

Cyanide destruction with the air/SO₂ ‘INCO’ system;

●

Tailings filtration and dry stacking using trucks for transport.

The general design basis is:

●

Average of 3,000 t/d and 365 d/a;

●

An overall availability of 92%, yielding an annual throughput of 1.095 Mt/a;

●

Average head grade of 4.25 g/t Au, but for design purposes the 80^th percentile value of 4.9 g/t Au was used to ensure some margin for grade fluctuations;

●

Average gold recovery of 85.4%. This accords well with mineralogical expectations but individual recoveries by section and ore-type were included in the mine/mill production schedule.

14.2	Process Plant

14.2.1

Flowsheet

The selected process flowsheet is provided as Figure 141.

14.2.2

Plant Design

The key features of the process plant design are:

●

The run-of-mine (ROM) pad, grizzly and truck dump bin will discharge to a primary jaw crusher that will be located close to the mine portal, and will discharge to the coarse ore bin from which ore will be reclaimed via an apron feeder to feed the grinding circuit;

●


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 14-1

●

CIL tailings will be subject to cyanide detoxification with air/SO2 and lime in two agitated tanks in series to reduce weak acid dissociable cyanide to <10 ppm in accord with Peruvian regulations;

●

A tailings thickening and filtration circuit in which the CIL tailings will be sent to a high density thickener (HDT) to recover process water and prepare a high density slurry for filtration in plate and frame pressure filters. This will produce a tailings filter cake of 18–20% moisture content suitable for transport by truck and deposition in a filtered tailings storage facility (FTSF);

	●	A portion of the process water will be treated, if necessary, for thiocyanate removal by ferrous sulphate in agitated tanks and then followed by clarifying and an ultrafiltration/nanofiltration plant prior to discharge.

14.2.3	Equipment Sizing


Plant Area	Equipment	Description
Crushing	Primary Crusher	Single Toggle Jaw Crusher (C106): 179 t/h nominal
Grinding	SAG Mill	5.5m diameter; 4m long; single pinion drive WRIM / LRS + SER
Grinding	Ball Mill	5m diameter; 7.3m long; single pinion drive WRIM / LRS
Gravity Separation	Gravity Concentrator	Knelson / Falcon type G-Force Range: 50 to 100 g, Bowl Size: 1.3m, Throughput: 135.9 t/h
Flotation	Pre-Leach Thickener	High Rate, Diameter 24m, Electrohydraulic drive. Elevated steel tank
Flotation	Pre-Oxidation Tanks	3 off: Diameter 9.25 m x 11.5 m
Flotation	CIL Tanks	7 off: Diameter 9.25 m x 11.5 m
Electrowinning	Electrowinning Cell	33 cathodes and 36 anodes. 304 SS body
Tailings Filtration	Tailings Thickener	High Rate, Diameter 36 m, Electrohydraulic drive. Elevated steel tank
Tailings Filtration	Press Filter	3 off: Vertical Plate Filters; 101 Plates,

14.2.4

Power and Consumables

The process plant and other surface load requirements are estimated at 14.3 MVA (see also discussion in Chapter 15.9).


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 14-3

15	Infrastructure

15.1	Introduction

The required infrastructure to support the LOM plan is summarized in Table 151 and the location of the infrastructure numbers cited in Table 151 is shown in Figure 151.

15.2	Roads and Logistics

Access roads inside the effective area of the Project will be built and owned by Buenaventura. Roads will connect the mine and process plant with infrastructure such as the water pond, FTSF, stockpiles, and gatehouse.

All roads will have appropriate drainage systems to meet Peruvian standards.

15.3	Seismicity Assessment

A seismic hazards study was completed in 2020. Two soil types predominate on site:

	●	Soil type B: 760<shear wave velocity<1,500; rock;

	●	Soil type C: 360<shear wave velocity<760; very dense soil or rippable rock.

The peak ground acceleration values for these soil types were reviewed and estimated for a seismic scenario represented for a return period of 475 years, and following the 84^th percentile criteria, in agreement with international design codes (ICOLD, 2010). The peak ground acceleration value for soil type B is 0.27g, and for soil type C is 0.37g.

A seismic coefficient value between ⅓ and ½ of the peak ground acceleration is recommended for use for slope stability in pseudo-static conditions. The geotechnical assessment of facilities was based on a horizontal seismic coefficient (kh) equal to 0.5 x the peak ground acceleration. Based on this criterion, a kh value of 0.185 (0.5 x 0.37g) was estimated for soil type C for a return period of 475 years.

15.4	Stockpiles and Waste Rock Storage Facilities

Facility design considerations are summarized in Table 152.

15.5	Filtered Tailings Storage Facilities

The first FTSF will contain the initial dry stack tailings from the process plant, will be operational for six years and four months until its maximum capacity of 4.27 Mm³ is stacked, and will have an area of about 22 ha. The second FTSF will be used for the remainder of the LOM plan. It will be operational for eight years until its maximum capacity of 4.90 Mm³ is stacked. The facility will cover approximately 32 ha.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 15-1

Table 15-1:Infrastructure Requirements

Number	Item
01	Electrical substation (mine)
02	Mine operations area
03	General warehouse
04	Core shed
05	Mine water pond
06	Truck shop
07	ROM stockpile area
08	Mine backfill plant
09	Process plant
10	Tailings thickening and filtering platform
11	Process water pond 1
12	Process water pond 2
13	Filtered tailings storage deposit 1 (DRF1)
14	Filtered tailings storage deposit 2 (DRF2)
15	Tailings drying platform 1
16	Tailings drying platform 2
17	Tailings drying platform 3
18	Tailings temporary storage area
19	Fuel station
20	San Gabriel accommodations camp
21	Main gatehouse
22	Waste rock storage facility 1 (DMI1)
23	Waste rock storage facility 2 (DMI2)
24	Topsoil storage facility 1 (DMO1)
25	Topsoil storage facility 2 (DMO2)
26	Mine waste storage facility (PAG)
27	Concrete batch plant
28	Construction administrative offices
29	Construction workshops
30	Maintenance shop for heavy construction equipment
31	Fresh water dam
32	Sewage water treatment (camp)
33	Temporary storage area for camp and plant non-hazardous solid waste


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 15-2

Table 15-2:Stockpile and Waste Rock Storage Facilities

Facility	Required For	Design	Water Management	Approximate Area/Capacity
Topsoil Storage Facility 1	Storage of organic material from excavations during project construction	Built in two stages. Upstream slope of 1.5H:1V. Downstream slope of 2.0H:1V. 5 m high intermediate banks.	Underflow from the deposit will be managed with a drainage underflow system. Surface water will be diverted using channels.	108,000 m³
Topsoil Storage Facility 2	Storage of organic material from excavations during construction of second FTSF	Built from Year 4 and will enter into operation from Year 6. Global slope of 6H:1V. 5 m high banks.	Underflow from the deposit will be managed with a drainage underflow system. Surface water will be diverted using channels.	148,000 m³
Waste Rock Storage Facility 1	Storage of waste material from excavations during project construction	Built in two stages. Upstream/downstream slope of 2H:1V. 5 m high intermediate banks	Underflow from the deposit will be managed with a drainage underflow system. Surface water will be diverted using channels.	833,000 m³
Waste Rock Storage Facility 2	Storage of waste material from excavations during construction of second FTSF	Global slope of 4.5H:1V. 5 m high banks.	Underflow from the deposit will be managed with a drainage underflow system. Surface water will be diverted using channels.	141,000 m³
Mine Waste Storage Facility	Storage of sterile material from underground material. Material classified as potentially-acid generating.	Global slope of 2.5H:1V. 10 m high benches	Underdrain system, waterproofing system, collection system, underdrain and collection ponds, and crowning diversion channels	4.4 Mt total, constructed in three phases, 0.6 Mt, 1.1 Mt and 2.8 Mt.

FTSF design considerations included:

●

Dry tailings production of 3 000 t/d with a water content of 20% w/w;

●

Optimum moisture content of the tailings to be placed and compacted in the first FTSF is 14% w/w

●

During the dry season (April–November) the tailings will be dried for about 15 days until reaching the optimum moisture content;

	●	During the wet season (December–March), tailings will be temporarily stored until the rains finish and the material can be sent to the tailings drying platforms;

The first FTSF will be located just downstream of and below the tailings filter plant. The facility will include an underdrain, seepage collection, raincoat, and major events ponds. Deposition of the filtered tailings will start at the base of the deposit and grow vertically and outwards over time. A stability analysis for the deposit was conducted for the current design. A new stability analysis is recommended to confirm the design using the planned particle size distribution and filtered tailings properties obtained from laboratory testing.

There will be four tailings drying platforms. Water from the platforms will be collected in a contact water pond.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 15-4

A temporary tailings storage area will be used for a four-month period in the wet season, and will be able to store about 191,000 m³ of filtered tailings. Water will be collected using an underdrain system. Non-contact water will be diverted using channels.

For Year 7 and onwards a second similar FTSF location was identified north of the first facility. Additional geotechnical analysis is being completed to confirm the site selection. Trucks are expected to be used for tailings transportation to this location from the same tailings filtering plant.

15.6	Water Management

Contact water will be captured in sedimentation ponds during construction and operation.

15.7	Built Infrastructure

Table 153 summarizes the built infrastructure requirements.

15.8	Camps and Accommodation

The camp capacity is based on an estimate of construction personnel and operations personnel. In operation, the camp will have a capacity of 816 people. However, during construction the capacity of some modules will be increased to support a total camp capacity of 1,440 people. In addition to accommodations, the camp area will have an administrative building, training room, recreation room, dining room and kitchen, laundry, warehouse, and medical services centre.

15.9	Power and Electrical

The incoming power supply to the “San Gabriel” substation will be via a 220 kV overhead transmission line from the Chilota substation.

The estimated maximum demand for the Project is 18.4 MVA of which process plant and other surface loads are 14.3 MVA and underground mining 4.1 MVA. Surface power will be distributed via 22.9 kV pole-mounted supply.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 15-5

Table 15-3:Built Infrastructure

Item	Note
Mine administrative building	Two-story building with an occupancy capacity of 59. Each floor will have an area of about 370 m².
Locker room	One-story building with an area of 256 m². Will include locker space, bathroom facilities, and a boiler room
Lamp room	One-story building with an area of 35 m². Stores the miner’s lamps.
Main warehouse	One-story building with an area of 1,424 m²
Auxiliary warehouses	Area of 470 m². Used to store flammable liquid, chemical compounds, lubricants, Chemicals and auditable goods and oxygen.
Maintenance platform	Includes a mechanical workshop (truckshop), electrical workshop and maintenance offices. The total platform area is 4,890 m² approximately. The truckshop will have four bays for heavy vehicles with an overhead crane for operation and maintenance. Adjacent to this building will be a compressor room and tire shop. The electrical maintenance workshop will have an open area for electrical maintenance, areas for welding, a machining shop, an overhead crane and six rooms for electrical storage.
Core shack	One-story building with an area of 906 m².
Backfill plant	Approximate 4,960 m² area. Will include a concrete batch plant.
Process administrative building	Two-story building with an occupancy capacity of 28. Each floor will have an area of 198 m².
Chemical and metallurgical laboratory	One-story building with an area of 297 m². Will have auxiliary storage for sample warehousing, solid and liquid waste storage, acid gas neutralization, gas collection, and dust collection.
Changerooms and bathroom facilities	One-story building with an area of 63 m².
Main gatehouse	Total platform area of about 3,270 m². Gatehouse will be a one-story building with an area of 130 m².
Construction workshops	Total platform area of about 5,000 m². Will include construction offices, warehouse, laydown facilities

15.10

Water Supply

Freshwater for the Project will be supplied from a freshwater dam that will be constructed in the catchment area of Quebrada Agani, just west of the Project’s main San Gabriel camp. The dam will be supplied by, and contain, only rainwater. The dam was sized not only for operational requirements but also to provide an additional water supply source for local communities. The dam will have a valve box and a flow meter to measure the water discharge, and ensure a minimum permanent flow of 10 L/sec as ecological flow.

The total storage volume of the dam will be about 700,000 m³. Contact water from plant or mine operations will be diverted away from the catchment area, the dam and downstream flow. The design flowrate for the plant raw water supply is 11.4 L/sec to meet the maximum expected process and potable water requirements. This flowrate will be intermittent and subject to variation as the main plant water supply will be via the recycled water system.

Water from mine de-watering will be sent to a holding pond and used for mine and process plant applications. The holding pond will provide surge capacity (50,300 m³) between fluctuating mine dewatering operations and the water treatment plant. The treatment plant will include a milk of lime dosing system, a flocculant plant and a clarifier to neutralize the mine water and remove solid impurities. Solid impurities will be thickened and concentrated in the clarifier then transported to


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 15-6

16	Market studies and contracts

16.1	Markets

16.1.1

Gold Market Overview

Gold is extensively used in investment portfolios to protect purchasing power, reduce volatility and minimise losses during periods of market shock. Jewellery is the most common end use, accounting for about 77% of global consumption. Electronics and coins together account for approximately 21% of global gold demand.

Gold sources include primary mine production in the form of gold-bearing concentrates and doré (Figure 161), and recycling. The share of traded gold concentrates is around 70% of the primary supply of gold, the remainder is supplied as a by-product.

16.1.2

Gold Supply and Demand

For 2019, the gold market had an estimated surplus of about 1,000 t. As demand for fabrication purposes declined drastically compared to supply in 2020, that surplus increased to almost 2,000 t, and is expected to decrease going forward as demand for fabrication purposes continues to increase in environment of relatively stable supply.

CRU International Ltd (CRU) in their June 2021 market forecast expects the global economy to recover in 2021 from the current global economic shutdown. In this environment, the gold market is likely to become an investment and inflation hedge instrument as the central banks of major economies will try to re-start economy through loosening monetary policies and quantitative easing. These measures are likely to prompt an increase in precious metals prices in the medium-term. However, as economies recover and policymakers return to normal economic policymaking in the long term, the gold price is expected to return to mid-2010s level, between approximately US$1,300–US$1,400/oz in real terms by mid-2030s (Figure 162).

16.1.3

Silver Supply and Demand

The silver market is currently going through a phase of rapid market rebalancing as it shifts from a period of deficit from 2016 to 2019, to a surplus in 2020 and forward. Demand is expected to peak in 2024 as increases in the jewellery sector, which is the main end use for silver, are insufficient to offset dwindling demand from other end uses, and the market is expected to see an increasing surplus into the long term.

On the price side, and similarly to gold, silver prices do not tend toward equilibrium like other commodities. Instead, price is often linked to sentiment rather than fundamental market forces. Since 2015, prices have been relatively stable, ranging between US$16–US$17/oz between 2015 and 2019. The uncertainly brought by Covid-19 pushed prices up to US$20/oz in 2020. This tendency is expected to continue out to 2025, when prices are expected to peak at US$34/oz (Figure 163).

CRU’s view is that, in the long term, silver prices are likely to move in a similar way as gold prices. The gold/silver ratio in the long term is expected to stand at 66, which translates into a silver price of US$21/oz in real 2020 terms by 2036.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 16-1

16.1.4

Doré Marketability

16.1.5

San Gabriel Marketability Considerations.

Gold and silver doré is readily marketable, and Buenaventura has experience in marketing such products, with refining contracts in place for other operations. Together with public documents and analyst forecasts, these data support that there is a reasonable basis to assume that for the LOM plan, that the key products will be saleable at the assumed commodity pricing.

There are no agency relationships relevant to the marketing strategies used.

Product valuation is included in the economic analysis in Chapter 19, and is based on a combination of the metallurgical recovery, commodity pricing, and consideration of processing charges.

The doré is not subject to product specification requirements.

16.2	Commodity Price Forecasts

LOM average commodity prices were assumed at US$1,600/oz Au and US$25/oz Ag, based on the commodity price forecasts from CRU provided in Table 161 and Table 162.

16.3	Contracts

No other contracts have been entered into.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 16-3

Table 16-1:Gold Price Forecast

Year	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032	2033	2034	2035	2036
Nominal	1,845	1,973	2,039	2,047	2,010	1,994	1,978	1,961	1,945	1,929	1,913	1,896	1,880	1,864	1,848	1,835
Real 2020	1,817	1,904	1,930	1,901	1,831	1,782	1,756	1,707	1,660	1,614	1,569	1,525	1,482	1,441	1,400	1,363

Table 16-2:Silver Price Forecast

Year	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032	2033	2034	2035	2036
Nominal	25	27	28	30	34	34	33	33	32	31	31	30	30	29	28	28
Real 2020	25	26	27	28	31	30	29	28	27	26	25	24	23	22	22	21


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 16-4

17	Environmental studies, permitting, and plans, negotiations, or agreements with local individuals or groups

17.1	Introduction

The Project currently has a Detailed Environmental Impact Study for the San Gabriel Project (EIA-d), which was approved through Director Resolution (RD) No. 099-2017-MEM/DGAAM in 2017, in Supporting Technical Report N°1 (ITS N°1) approved through RD No. 0009-2018-SENACE-PE/DEAR in 2018 and in Supporting Technical Report N°2 (ITS N°2) approved through RD No. 0129-2020-SENACE-PE/DEAR in 2020.

17.2	Baseline and Supporting Studies

Baseline studies were carried out in the Project area, or over portions of the Project area, from early 2008 onward. These included:

●

Description of the biological environment, including biological diversity, characterization of flora and fauna, fragile ecosystems, landscape, ecosystem and endangered species conservation status;

●

Description of social, economic, cultural and anthropogenic environments of the population, including inventory, evaluation and social and economic aspects;

●

Checks for the presence of archaeological, historical or cultural remains in the Project’s area of influence;

●

Assessment of geohazards such as seismicity, volcanology, erosion, landslides, avalanches, fluvial erosion, hydromorphic zones, and soil creep

17.3	Environmental Considerations/Monitoring Programs

●

Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Compensation Plan;

●

Social Management Plan;

●

Environmental Surveillance Plan;

●

Solid Waste Management Plan;

●

Contingency Plan;

●

Conceptual Closure Plan.

Buenaventura committed to preservation of wetland areas (bofedales). Key commitments included:

●

Gradual removal of livestock from the Agani 1 and Agani 2 wetlands during the mine construction period;


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-1

●

Excluding human activities other than environmental monitoring and management in the Agani 1 and Agani 2 wetlands during the lifetime of the Project and into closure and post-closure;

●

Permanent surveillance of the Agani 1 and Agani 2 wetlands in order to prevent poaching, peat extraction and any disturbance of the habitat by third parties;

●

Prohibition of entry of vehicles of any type to the wetlands.

The company will also construct a reservoir to discharge water into the Agani stream, upstream from its confluence with the Jamochini stream, to compensate for the reduction in flow due to the alteration of the wetlands. The reservoir will discharge 10 L/sec, and provide more flow than is currently the case in the dry season.

The mineralization is classified as PAG, as is a portion of the waste rock. This waste material will be stored in a waste rock storage facility (DMI in the Spanish acronym).

17.4	Water Management

Contact water will be captured and sent to sediment ponds for settling. Acid contact water will be diverted to a mine water pond, where it will either be reused in the process plant, or sent to a water treatment plant for treatment prior to discharge to the environment.

Water used in the accommodation camp will be captured and used for irrigation, or sent to a water treatment plant for treatment prior to discharge to the environment.

Non-contact water will be diverted around the operations via diversion channels, and will rejoin the Jamochini stream downstream of the operations.

17.5	Closure and Reclamation Considerations

There will be different closure scenarios based on the commitments and type of facility:

●

Temporary closure;

●

Progressive closure will include dismantling, land restoration and/or revegetation. These measures will be applied to quarries, temporary accesses, temporary sedimentation ponds and temporary storage of construction materials;

●

Final closure is aimed at maintaining the physical, geochemical and hydrological stability of the area affected by operations, and is envisaged as taking 24 months to complete;

●

Post-closure, which will consist of maintenance and monitoring activities.

A Conceptual Closure Plan was developed in accordance with the applicable national regulations. The estimated closure cost is US$59 M.

17.6	Permitting


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-2

Three certifications of the “Non-existence of Archaeological Remains” were granted for the mine area and a portion of the access road. There is also an approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan.

Permits required for construction are summarized in Table 171, and for operations in Table 172. There is some overlap between the two tables where the same permit is needed for both phases. Permits that are considered to be on the critical path are summarized in Table 173. Key permits include the authorization to start exploitation; the beneficiation concession: discharge water license and a variety of permits associated with the storage and use of explosives.

17.7	Social Considerations, Plans, Negotiations and Agreements

Buenaventura has a number of agreements in place with the local communities, including C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua and C.C. Corire. Social agreements were concluded during the SIA-d, which included C.C. San Juan de Miraflores and, on occasions, the district of Ichuña.

Buenaventura completed the “public audience” phase in 2016, which is the social consultation process that sets out the Project’s SIA-d to the communities. The communities of C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua were involved in this phase. The study was also presented to different government representatives, local authorities and citizens from Ichuña and other districts who attended the public audiences.

The consulta previa process is almost complete, being in stage six of a seven-step process, and is pending a final decision from MINEM.

Buenaventura has entered into community agreements, covered by public deeds, including monetary payments, trusts, training, hiring labor and goods, among others. The principal communities included in this program are C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo, Maycunaca and Antajahua and C.C. Corire.

The community commitments are detailed in the following public deeds

●

6820 BVN - Oyo Oyo Framework Agreement (19 Oct 2018);

●

471 BVN Social Agreement - Corire (26 Oct 2016).

Annualised community commitments made by Buenaventura are, by work phase, approximately:

●

Exploration Phase: PEN500,000–1,500,000;

●

Construction Phase: PEN5,000,000;

●

Operation Phase: PEN3,500,000.

These payments are included in the Project financial evaluation in Chapter 19.

An initial ordinary meeting is planned in relation to the consulta previa process with the Oyo Oyo community Board of Directors in Q4, 2021. The meeting is expected to cover issues of concern to the community such as the status of the consulta previa process, communal land ownership and registration of new community members, registration of the board of directors in the public registers. The community has already indicated to Buenaventura that they would like a bonus upon the final approval of the consulta previa.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-3

Table 17-1:Permits Required for Construction

Permit Type	Authority	Duration (Days)	Required For	Status
Granting of beneficiation concession	MEM–DGM	77	Construction and operation
Beneficiation concession. Stage A evaluation of the request and publication of notices	MEM–DGM	120	Start of construction	In process, requires completion of consulta previa process before concession can be awarded
Beneficiation concession Stage B construction authorization Requires prior consultation	MEM–DGM	(90) Part of the 120	Start of construction (Stage A)	In process, requires completion of consulta previa process before concession can be awarded
Beneficiation concession. Stage C monitoring inspection, granting of title and operations authorization	MEM–DGM	15	Start of operations	To be submitted
Authorization for the start activities related to preparation, development, exploitation (which includes mine plan and WRSFs). Requires prior consultation.	MEM–DGM	15	Start of construction	In evaluation
Authorization for the execution of water use studies	AAA–ANA	15
Accreditation of water availability	AAA–ANA	30	Construction and operation	Approved
Authorization for the execution of water use works to obtain the License	AAA–ANA	30	Construction and operations	Approved
Surface water license	AAA–ANA	20	Construction and operations	To be submitted
Authorization for the reuse of treated industrial, municipal, and domestic wastewater	ALA	30	Construction and operations	To be submitted
Authorization for the execution of works in natural sources	ALA	30	Construction	Approved
Operation Permit for transportation of road workers	DGTT–MTC	15	Construction	To be submitted
Authorization for extraction of materials for construction (quarries)	AAA–ANA	30		To be submitted


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-4

Table 17-2:Permits Required for Operation


Permit Type	Authority	Duration (Days)	Required For
Authorization to start exploitation (Includes: Mining Plan and Deposits for waste disposal or inappropriate material, quarries)	MEM–DGM	30	Implementation and start of operations
Beneficiation Concession Stage C Verification and Title Inspection	MEM–DGM	30	Start of operations
Authorizations for the discharge of treated wastewater	ANA–AAA–ALA	30	Operation
Sanitary Authorization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Systems	DIGESA	30 business days	Operation
Categorization to Recategorization of Health Establishments Without Internment (Health Clinics, Health Centers, Medical Centers, Polyclinics)	Ministerio de Salud (Inicio de Tramite en DIRIS)	15 days	Operation
Registry of Start of Activities of Health Establishments	DIRIS	Registry of Start of Activities of Health Establishments	Operation
Operating License - X-ray medical diagnostic facilities	IPEN	7	Operation
Favorable Technical Report for the Installation or Modification of a Direct Consumer of Liquid Fuels and/or other Products Derived from Hydrocarbons	OSINERGMIN – Oficina Regional	30	Operation
Direct Fuel Consumer Registry	OSINERGMIN	Automatic	Operation
Authorization for the reuse of Treated Industrial, Municipal and Domestic Wastewater	ALA	30	Construction - Operation
Authorization for the acquisition and use of explosives and related materials	SUCAMEC	7 (Lima) 9 (Regions)	Implementation and Operation Start
Storage authorization for explosives and related materials	SUCAMEC	16 (Lima) 22 (Regions)	Implementation and Operation Start
Authorization for the transfer of explosives and related materials - Transit Guide related to the Authorization of Acquisition and Use of Explosives	SUCAMEC	2	Implementation and Operation Start
Authorization for the handling of explosives and related materials	SUCAMEC	12	Implementation and Operation Start
Registration in the User Registry of Component Elements of Ammonium Nitrate	VUCE/PRODUCE	No deadline	Implementation and Operation Start
Authorization for the importation of the constituent elements of ammonium nitrate	VUCE/PRODUCE	5	Implementation and Operation Start
Certification for the import of inputs, intermediate and final products of explosives and related for civil use and for export	VUCE/PRODUCE	No deadline	Implementation and Operation Start


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-5


Permit Type	Authority	Duration (Days)	Required For
Certificate of Mining Operation	MEM–DGM	15	Implementation and Operation Start
Registration of the registry for the control of audited assets	SUNAT	30	Implementation and Operation Start
Registration of vehicles for the transport of audited goods	SUNAT	30	Implementation and Operation Start
Sanitary Authorization of Establishments for Manufacturing, Storage, Fractionation of Food and Beverages for Human Consumption	DIRESA		Operation

Note: MEM: Ministry of Energy and Mines; DGM: General Directorate of Mining; ANA: National Water Authority; AAA: Water Administrative Authority; ALA: Local Water Authority; DIGESA: General Directorate of Environmental Health; SUCAMEC: National Superintendency of Control of Security Services, Arms, Ammunition and Explosives for Civil Use; SUNAT: National Superintendency of Customs and Tax Administration; VUCE: Single Window for Foreign Trade; DGTT: General Directorate of Land Transport; MTC: Ministry of Transport and Communication; IPEN: Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy; OSINERGMIN: Supervisory body for investment in energy and mining.

Table 17-3:Critical Path Permits

Permit Area	Permit Type	Status
Environmental study	ITS3 preparation and submission	Submission in process
Environmental study		ITS3 approval	Pending
Water permits	Water dam construction authorization (preparation and submission)	Approved
		Water permits - use of water for construction	Approved
		Water dam construction authorization (approval)	Approved
		Water permits - use of water (after dam construction)	To be processed
Explosives permits	Authorization for explosive storage relocation	Pending submission
		Authorization for explosive acquisition	Pending submission
		Authorization for explosive storage construction	Pending submission
Power permits	Electrical permits easement	In process
		Electrical permits - EIA (preparation and submission)	In process
		Electrical permits - EIA (approval)	Pending submission
		Electrical permits - permanent electrical concession	Pending submission
Mining permits	Mine development permit preparation and submission	In evaluation
Mining permits		Mine development permit - approval	In evaluation


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-6

Permit Area	Permit Type	Status
Archaeological permit	Archaeological monitoring plan	Pending submission
Beneficiation Concession	Beneficiation concession approval Stage A	In evaluation
Beneficiation Concession		ITM preparation and submission	In process
Operations permit	Beneficiation Concession "C" (for operation)	Overall Mechanical Completion is required (Including As-Builts Drawings and QA/QC Dossiers)

Notes: ITS3 = Supporting Technical Report (ITS in Spanish acronym) ; ITM = Technical Mining Report (ITM in Spanish acronym.

The CC Corire community and Buenaventura are still in the consultation process. The community has decided that any consulta previa approval would depend on the outcomes of the discussions with Buenaventura.

Surrounding communities such as Miraflores, and Crucero, consider themselves as being within the area of direct Project environmental impact. At a regional level, opponents to mining activities have been organizing meetings seeking to involve more communities against the Project. There is community concern at degradation of some riverine areas, particularly around Moquegua, due to third-party mining activities, and these concerns are a focus of attention by both the regional and provincial authorities.

At a district level, the current mayor of Ichuña had made several public declarations in favor of the Project as being in the best interests of the municipality. Regional and municipal elections will be held in October 2022 and new authorities will take office in January 2023.

Elements of Buenaventura’s social consultation program are planned to include:

●

A technical assistance program for farmers;

●

Technical assistance program for alpaca farmers;

●

A project profile study for natural pasture management;

	●	Studies on water infrastructure and improvements to irrigation systems.

A job training program will be implemented for young people from ADSI and the Ichuña district to provide mining-related workforce skills. Technical training will be conducted annually during construction, and vocational courses aimed at strengthening local economic activities will be held annually during the operation stage.

The Project's local labor hiring policy will be disseminated to the population in the area of direct and indirect influence prior to construction and will continue to be disseminated on an as-needs basis, typically annually, as job vacancies occur. Hiring priority will be given to the population of the area of direct influence where those potential employees meet the job skill requirements.

Buenaventura’s research and social consultation programs indicate that the key community issues regarding the Project are:

●

Use of local firms and suppliers to provide goods and services to the operations

	●	Use of local personnel as mine workers

●

Improving of human development indices within the Ichuña district and local communities


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 17-7

Table 18-1:Initial Capital Cost

Description	Initial Capital Cost (US$M)
Direct cost	265.3
Indirect cost	105.6
Owner’s cost	43.1
Contingency	53.7
Total Initial Cost	467.7

The Owner was assumed to take control of the mining operations from Year 1. From that point, a conventional Owner-operated mine fleet was planned. Mining sustaining capital costs included:

●

Purchase of additional mining fleet;

●

Mining fleet operational spares;

●

Tools for the mining truckshop;

	●	Expansion of the mine water management network;

●

Associated underground infrastructure.

Mine equipment acquisition was the largest portion of the sustaining capital estimate.

The sustaining capital cost excluding growth was US$72.7 M, and including growth was US$75.9 M.

18.2.5	Process Capital Costs

Initial process capital consisted of direct and indirect cost estimates.

Direct costs included provision for quantities, installation/construction hours, unit labor rates and contractor distributable costs, bulk material and equipment costs, sub-contractor costs, freight and growth. Direct costs covered:

●

Mine support facilities and utilities;

●

Backfill plant;

	●	Ore crushing and handling;

●

Process plant;

	●	FTSF;

●

Internal access roads;

●

Site support facilities and utilities;

	●	Site power distribution;

●

Water dam;

	●	Raw water supply from Agani water dam;


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-3

●

Material deposits;

	●	Camps.

The total estimated initial direct cost was US$203.2 M.

The high voltage power supply capital cost included the following main components:

●

Expanding the 500/220 kV substation at Chilota;

●

Overhead 220 kV transmission line;

●

220/23 kV substation at San Gabriel.

The total estimated initial cost was US$31.9 M.

Indirect costs were related to engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM), temporary facilities needed for the construction phase, support by third-parties to the EPCM contractor, camp construction and services, construction services, vendor representatives’ costs, spare parts, first fills, operations manuals, pre-commissioning services, and commissioning assistance.

Indirect costs for the initial capital were estimated as US$100.1 M.

Sustaining capital in the process area included allocations for a second FTSF, additional topsoil and unsuitable material stockpiles, an expansion to the waste rock storage facility, and associated access roads.

The total sustaining capital cost of the process area was estimated as US$28.5 M.

18.2.6

Owner (Corporate) Capital Costs

The Owner’s cost was estimated by Buenaventura for the period starting from the Project approval date up to handover. The Owner’s cost was estimated as US$43.1 M.

18.2.7

Closure Costs

Closure costs were estimated at US$59 M.

The closure costs were not scheduled in depth and were allocated to the year following the final year of mine life. Some closure activities may be able to be brought forward to occur progressively in the final years of the mine life.

18.2.8

Capital Cost Summary

The overall total capital cost estimate is presented in Table 182.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-4

Table 18-2:Capital Cost Summary

WBS	WBS Level 1 Description	Total (US$M)
Initial		467.7
Direct		265.3
1000	Mine	56.3
2000	Process plant	114.7
3000	FTSF	20.5
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	56.6
5000	Off-site infrastructure, utilities and facilities	17.2
Indirect		202.4
1000	Mine	5.4
2000	Process plant	0
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	22.3
5000	Off-site infrastructure, utilities and facilities	6.7
6000	EPCM and other third party costs	60.7
7000	Indirect costs	15.2
8000	Owner's cost	38.5
9000	Provisions	53.7
Sustaining		110.9
Direct		104.4
1000	Mine	75.9
2000	Process plant	3.3
3000	FTSF	19.4
4000	On-site infrastructure, utilities and surface facilities	5.8
Indirect		6.5
1000	Mine	6.2
6000	EPCM	0.2
8000	Owner's cost	0.1
Grand Total		578.6


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-5

18.3	Operating Cost Estimates

Operating cost estimates are reported in Q4 2021 US$.

18.3.1

Basis of Estimate

The source data used in the estimate included:

●

Mine plan through life of mine;

●

Material takeoffs;

●

Unit pricing from Buenaventura;

●

Workforce estimation;

●

Consumable requirements and costs;

●

Equipment quotations;

●

Process flowsheets;

●

Electrical load list;

●

Mechanical equipment list;

●

Reagents and consumables requirements and costs;

●

Maintenance costs;

●

Fuel consumption.

18.3.2

Mine Operating Costs

The mine operational phase will begin in 2025 (Year 1) and from that date onwards mining costs are considered to be operating costs.

Direct operating costs were estimated from material takeoffs and unit pricing. These included drilling, blasting, rock removal, hauling, sustaining, ventilation and backfill.

Indirect operating costs were factored from the direct costs, 10% for utilities such as electrical power and 30% for general expenses.

The average mine operating cost is estimated at US$32.11/t including mining costs (US$22.84/t); services costs (US$3.80/t); development costs (US$4.27/t) and energy costs (US$1.21/t), based on the following:

●

The mine operational costs are calculated based on the ODF mining method;

●

The mine services cost includes backfill production and placement cost, transportation cost, ancillary services, ventilation and road maintenance cost;

●

Development cost includes infrastructure activities for development and access, chambers and bypasses;

●

Energy costs include power supply to all underground mine equipment.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-6

18.3.3

Process Operating Costs

Operating cost estimates were prepared for the processing area and associated infrastructure and included power, reagents, consumables, maintenance, labour, tailings transportation and deposition, and external and miscellaneous costs.

The average process operating cost is estimated to be US$27.38$/t, based on the following assumptions:

●

Power costs were estimated using the power rate of US$0.065 kWh supplied by Buenaventura. Power consumption was based on the grinding power consumption and average power demand for the rest of the process areas;

●

Reagents and consumables costs were calculated based on the process requirements and unit costs were supplied by vendors to Buenaventura;

●

Labor costs were based on an estimated workforce and annual average salaries provided by Buenaventura;

●

Plant maintenance costs were estimated at 2.5% of the installed mechanical equipment and platework direct cost. Additionally, a maintenance contractor cost was included;

●

Transportation costs for tailings were benchmarked from a similar Buenaventura operation;

●

External costs include the activities related to the product sale.

18.3.4

Infrastructure Operating Costs

Infrastructure operating costs were generally included within the process plant or mining operating costs.

18.3.5

General and Administrative Operating Costs

Five main cost centres were identified:

●

Operations: includes Insurance, personal protective equipment, mobile equipment rental and associated labor. Estimated at US$4.2 M/a;

●

Technical services: includes mine third party studies, concessions, laboratory and maintenance, as well as associated labor. Estimated at US$7.02 M/a;

●

Sustainability: includes permits and environmental; social and patrimonial security contract as well as associated labor and human resources. Estimated at US$2.9 M/a;

●

Finance and administration: includes operation catering, IT and office support, camp operations, and external and internal transportation. Estimated at US$4.7 M/a;

●

Mining G&A: includes mine operational staff and maintenance and supervision. Estimated at US$4.4 M/a.

18.3.6	Operating Cost Summary

The operating cost summary is presented in Table 183 and Table 184.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-7

Table 18-3:Operating Cost Estimate by Cost Center (Year 1 to Year 7)

Description	Units	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5	Year 6	Year 7
Tonnage	kt	1,012	1,096	1,093	1,093	1,095	1,102	1,099
Head grade	g/t Au	4.75	4.98	5.50	5.08	4.29	4.01	3.75
Head grade	g/t Ag	4.27	3.95	4.17	4.55	4.89	7.22	6.62
Recovered Au	koz	134	151	164	150	128	122	112
Recovered Ag	koz	67	67	70	75	81	116	105
Main process plant	kUS$	22,867	23,989	23,949	23,948	23,970	24,069	24,027
Infrastructure	kUS$	5,247	5,482	5,606	5,509	5,356	5,491	5,353
Total process plant	kUS$	28,114	29,471	29,555	29,457	29,326	29,559	29,380
Mine operation	kUS$	39,433	38,018	37,615	38,175	38,885	34,578	33,765
General and administrative cost	kUS$	23,171	23,211	23,236	23,009	23,040	23,102	23,056
Total operating cost	kUS$	90,717	90,700	90,405	90,642	91,251	87,240	86,201
Total process plant	US$/t	27.78	26.88	27.03	26.94	26.78	26.82	26.73
Mine operation	US$/t	38.97	34.68	34.41	34.92	35.51	31.37	30.72
General and administrative cost	US$/t	22.90	21.17	21.25	21.05	21.04	20.96	20.98
Operating unit cost	US$/t	89.64	82.74	82.69	82.91	83.34	79.14	78.43
Operating unit cost	U$/oz Au	676.74	598.98	549.72	604.91	715.09	717.74	767.63

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-8

Table 18-4: Operating Cost Estimate by Cost Center (Year 8 to Year 14 and LOM)

Description	Units	Year 8	Year 9	Year 10	Year 11	Year 12	Year 13	Year 14	LOM
Tonnage	kt	1,099	1,099	1,102	1,099	1,108	1,111	724	14,934
Head grade	g/t Au	4.06	4.22	3.33	3.20	3.24	2.99	2.92	4.04
Head grade	g/t Ag	5.38	5.47	8.48	8.16	10.37	8.07	8.95	6.43
Recovered Au	koz	124	129	100	97	98	91	57	1,657
Recovered Ag	koz	89	90	126	125	157	121	87	1,377
Main process plant	kUS$	24,026	24,026	24,067	24,028	24,150	24,184	19,417	327,319
Infrastructure	kUS$	5,368	5,417	5,967	5,922	6,114	5,873	5,058	81,162
Total process plant	kUS$	29,393	29,444	30,034	29,949	30,264	30,057	24,475	408,482
Mine operation	kUS$	33,868	33,715	35,739	33,736	31,962	30,433	16,453	476,376
General and administrative cost	kUS$	23,040	23,040	23,040	23,025	22,994	22,932	21,347	321,244
Total operating cost	kUS$	86,302	86,198	88,813	86,711	85,220	83,422	62,275	1,206,101
Total process plant	US$/t	26.74	26.79	27.25	27.25	27.30	27.05	33.79	27.38
Mine operation	US$/t	30.82	30.67	32.43	30.69	28.84	27.39	22.71	32.11
General and administrative cost	US$/t	20.96	20.96	20.91	20.95	20.74	20.64	29.47	21.66
Operating unit cost	US$/t	78.52	78.43	80.58	78.88	76.88	75.09	85.97	81.15
Operating unit cost	U$/oz Au	696.66	668.02	887.80	898.03	867.61	919.92	1,297.73	727.82

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 18-9

19	Economic analysis

19.1	Forward-looking Information Caution

19.2	Methodology Used

All inputs to the economic analysis are at a minimum of a pre-feasibility level of confidence, having an accuracy level of ±25% and a contingency range not exceeding 15%.

The financial model that supports the mineral reserve declaration is a standalone model that calculates annual cash flows based on scheduled ore production, assumed processing recoveries, metal sale prices and Chilean$/US$exchange rate, projected operating and capital costs and estimated taxes.

19.3	Financial Model Parameters

19.3.1	Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve, and Mine Life

The mineral reserves estimate was summarized in Chapter 12.5. The projected mine life was provided in Chapter 13.7.

19.3.2

Metallurgical Recoveries

The metallurgical recovery forecast was provided in Chapter 10.5. Average gold recovery of 85.4% and silver recovery is 44.6%. This accords well with mineralogical expectations but individual recoveries by section and ore-type were included in the mine/mill production schedule.

19.3.3	Smelting and Refining Terms

Smelting and refining costs are included in the plant operational costs as external costs. The assumed terms were:

	●	Treatment charge (TC): US$0.35/oz doré;

	●	Gold refining charges: US$0.60/oz Au;

●

Silver refining charge: US$0.60/oz Ag.

Revenue was calculated from the recoverable metal and the long-term forecast of metal prices and exchange rates.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-1

19.3.4

Metal Prices

The commodity prices used in the economic analysis are based on LOM forecast average prices of US$1,600/oz Au and US$25/oz Ag (see discussion in Chapter 16.2).

19.3.5	Capital Costs

Capital costs were summarized in Chapter 18.2, and reported in Q3 2021 US$.

Sustaining capital was allocated from Year 1 onwards and was estimated at US$111 M. The sustaining capital estimate does not include closure costs.

19.3.6	Operating Costs

Operating costs were summarized in Chapter 18.3, and reported using Q4 2021 US$.

Total operating costs were estimated as US$1,206 M (US$81.2/t milled) through the LOM. Operating costs were divided into three categories:

	●	Mine operating costs: US$32.1/t milled;

	●	Process plant operating costs: US$27.4/t milled;

●

General and administrative costs: US$21.7/t milled.

19.3.7

Royalties

Royalties were summarized in Chapter 3.7.

19.3.8

Depreciation

Financial depreciation is based on a linear depreciation per type of investment, from five years to the end of the LOM and is used for the free cash flow estimation.

Tax depreciation is based on the type of investment on an annual basis to a percentage basis, and is used for estimation of the income tax payable.

19.3.9

Taxes

The taxation assumptions used in the economic model were developed by Buenaventura.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-2

19.3.9.1

Income tax

In Peru, the current income tax rate is 29.5%.

19.3.9.2

Depreciation and Amortization

The economic valuation incorporates calculations to determine the various taxes and other levies. Depreciation and amortization are assumed to start at the commencement of operations and metal production.

Items were identified per type and a flat line depreciation was considered with a corresponding period depending on the type of expenditure.

19.3.9.3

Value Added Tax

Buenaventura is subject to an 18% value added tax (IGV), against the value of goods and services purchased and then balanced against the value of goods sold. However, the IGV is expected to be recovered in both construction and operations after a 90-day period following payment.

19.3.9.4

Special Mining Tax

Mining concessions holders are obliged to pay a Special Mining Tax (IEM) to be able to carry out activities of exploitation of metallic mineral resources. For income tax purposes, the IEM is considered and expense in the same year it is paid. The IEM is determined quarterly and applied to the percentage of the quarterly operating profit.

19.3.9.5

Worker’s Profit Sharing

The participation of workers in a profit-sharing scheme is a labor benefit that aims to encourage the productivity of workers. This charge is calculated based on 8% of the operation’s profit before taxes.

19.3.10

Closure Costs and Salvage Value

Closure and reclamation costs were discussed in Chapter 17.5. Closure costs have been spread evenly across the last two years of operation for the purposes of the economic analysis.

No salvage value is included in the analysis.

19.3.11

Working Capital

Working capital allowance assumes inventories at 30 days, receivables at 30 days, and payables at 45 days.

19.3.12

Closure and Reclamation

19.3.13

Financing

The economic analysis is based on 100% equity financing and is reported on a 100% project ownership basis. The base case economic analysis assumes constant prices with no inflationary adjustments.

19.3.14

Inflation

Inflation has not been considered in the economic analysis.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-3

Table 19-1:Cashflow Summary Table

Item	Units	Value
Total undiscounted revenues	US$M real	2,678
Total undiscounted free cash flow	US$M real	432
Initial capital cost estimate with contingency	US$M real	467.7
Average annual EBITDA, LOM	US$M	99
Average total operation costs, LOM	US$/t milled	81.2
NPV @ 7% (*)	US$M	107.6
IRR (*)	%	11.1
Payback period – start of mill operations	years	5
Mine operation cost, LOM	US$/t	32.1
Plant operation cost, LOM	US$/t	27.4
G&A operation cost, LOM	US$/t	21.7
Valuation date		Q4, 2021

Note: EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. NPV = net present value. IRR = internal rate of return. (*) = . Numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-5

Table 19-2:Cashflow Analysis on an Annualized Basis (Year -3 to Year 6)

	Units	Y -3	Y -2	Y -1	Y 1	Y 2	Y 3	Y 4	Y 5	Y 6
Ore treated	kt				1,012	1,096	1,093	1,093	1,095	1,102
Ounces gold produced	koz				134	151	164	149	127	121
Ounces silver produced	koz				67	67	70	75	81	116
Net sales	US$M				214.4	242.0	262.7	239.7	204.5	195.8
Operating cost	US$M				90.7	90.7	90.4	90.6	91.3	87.2
Depreciation and amortization	US$M				44.3	44.3	44.3	44.3	44.3	29.5
Gross profit	US$M				79.4	106.9	128.0	104.7	68.9	79.1
Selling expenses	US$M				0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6
Administrative expense	US$M				0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Royalties to Goldfield (1.5%)	US$M				3.2	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.1	2.9
Operating profit	US$M				75.5	102.6	123.3	100.4	65.3	75.6
Special mining tax (IEM)	US$M				4.3	6.5	8.4	6.3	3.8	4.4
Worker´s profit sharing (8%)	US$M				3.7	7.7	9.3	7.6	4.9	5.6
Income tax (29.5%)	US$M				12.6	26.0	31.6	25.6	16.7	19.0
Net profit	US$M				54.9	62.4	74.0	61.0	39.8	46.5
Projected cash flow (after-tax)
Net profit	US$M				55	62	74	61	40	47
Depreciation and amortization	US$M				44	44	44	44	44	29
Capital cost estimate	US$M	-94	-234	-140	-15	-5	-7	-28	-7	-10
Free cashflow	US$M	-94	-234	-140	84	102	111	77	77	66
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization	US$M				120	147	168	145	110	105

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-6

Table 19-3:Cashflow Analysis on an Annualized Basis (Year 7 to Year 14)

	Units	Y 7	Y 8	Y 9	Y 10	Y 11	Y 12	Y 13	Y 14
Ore treated	kt	1,099	1,099	1,099	1,102	1,099	1,108	1,111	724
Ounces gold produced	koz	112	123	129	100	96	98	90	58
Ounces silver produced	koz	105	89	90	126	125	156	121	87
Net sales	US$M	180.8	198.8	207.0	161.9	156.3	159.8	146.9	93.7
Operating cost	US$M	86.2	86.3	86.2	88.8	86.7	85.2	83.4	62.3
Depreciation and amortization	US$M	38.2	38.5	38.8	38.4	33.2	35.3	34.5	38.0
Gross profit	US$M	56.4	74.0	82.1	34.7	36.5	39.2	-0.5	-6.6
Selling expenses	US$M	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3
Administrative expense	US$M	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Royalties to Goldfield (1.5%)	US$M	2.7	3.0	3.1	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.2	1.4
Operating profit	US$M	53.2	70.4	78.4	31.8	33.7	36.4	-3.1	-8.3
Special mining tax (IEM)	US$M	3.2	4.0	4.5	2.3	2.4	2.5	1.5	0.9
Worker´s profit sharing (8%)	US$M	4.6	5.9	6.5	2.9	3.3	3.6	0.5
Income tax (29.5%)	US$M	15.5	20.0	22.1	10.0	11.2	12.1	1.8
Net profit	US$M	29.9	40.5	45.2	16.5	16.8	18.3	-6.9	-9.2
Projected cash flow (after-tax)
Net profit	US$M	30	41	45	17	17	18	-7	-9
Depreciation and amortization	US$M	38	39	39	38	33	35	35	38
Capital cost estimate	US$M	-3	-7	-10	-4	-2	-12	-2	-30
Free cashflow	US$M	65	72	74	51	48	42	26	-1
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization	US$M	91	109	117	70	67	72	31	30

Note: numbers have been rounded. Totals may not sum due to rounding


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-7

Table 19-4:NPV Sensitivity

Sensitivity	NPV (in US$M)
Variable	-20%	-10%	Base	+10%	+20%
Gold price	-128.9	14.4	107.6	198.2	287.7
Initial capital cost estimate	194.5	151.0			64.1	20.6
Operating cost mine	140.3	124.1			91.0	74.3
Operating cost plant	135.2	121.5			93.6	79.6
Operating cost G&A	129.5	118.5			96.6	85.5

Table 19-5:IRR Sensitivity

Sensitivity	IRR (in %)
Variable	-20%	-10%	Base	+10%	+20%
Gold price	0.8	7.6	11.1	14.1	16.9
Initial capital cost estimate	15.7	13.2			9.3	7.7
Operating cost mine	12.2	11.7			10.5	9.9
Operating cost plant	12.1	11.6			10.6	10.1
Operating cost G&A	11.9	11.5			10.7	10.4


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 19-8

22	Interpretation and conclusions

22.1	Introduction

The QPs note the following interpretations and conclusions within their areas of expertise, based on the review of data available for this Report.

22.2	Mineral Tenure, Surface Rights, Water Rights, Royalties and Agreements

The Project is wholly owned by Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.

The Project consists of five mining concessions, covering an area of 3,467.3 ha. Three royalties are payable on the Ichuña 2 IMG concession. It is expected that any future mining and processing operations will be conducted year-round.

Buenaventura currently has a total of 2,158 ha where it controls the surface rights. This surface ownership area is sufficient to allow construction of the required facilities to support the LOM plan. Buenaventura is in land purchase discussions with about six landowners for purchase of additional surface rights.

Buenaventura has granted water rights to acquire water from two streams for fresh and mining purposes.

There are no major current violations or fines as understood in the United States mining regulatory context that apply to the Project.

An EIA-sd was completed in 2009. This was modified in 2010 (first modification of the EIA-sd), in 2013 (second modification of the EIA-sd), and again in 2015 (third modification of the EIA-sd). The applicable reports supporting the EIA-sds were filed as required. These permits support exploration activities.

The Project EIA was approved via an EIAd in March 2017, and has a five-year validity period. No modification to this EIA is envisaged prior to Project execution. It is important that Project construction works start before March 2022 to stay within the validity period of the approved EIAd. A modification to the EIAd will be required for some of the facilities planned for later in the LOM, such as the second planned FTSF.

22.3	Geology and Mineralization

The San Gabriel deposit shows many of the characteristics of an intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit.

The geological understanding of the settings, lithologies, and structural and alteration controls on mineralization is sufficient to support estimation of mineral resources.

A number of prospects are considered to retain exploration potential, and form potential extensions to the Canahuire deposit or have geological characteristics similar to the San Gabriel deposit, such as breccia systems, geophysical anomalies and structural control of mineralization.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-1

22.4	Exploration, Drilling and Analytical Data Collection in Support of Mineral Resource Estimation

The exploration programs completed by Buenaventura to date and predecessor companies are appropriate for the mineralization styles.

The quantity and quality of the lithological, collar and down-hole survey data collected in the exploration program completed are sufficient to support mineral resource estimation. No drilling, sampling, or core recovery issues that could materially affect the accuracy or reliability of the core samples have been identified.

The collected sample data adequately reflect deposit dimensions, true widths of mineralization, and the deposit style.

Sampling is representative of the gold and silver values, reflecting areas of higher and lower grades.

The independent analytical laboratories used by Buenaventura and predecessor companies, where known, are accredited for selected analytical techniques.

Sample preparation has used procedures and protocols that are/were standard in the industry and has been adequate throughout the history of the Project. Sample analysis uses procedures that are standard in the industry.

The QA/QC programs adequately address issues of precision, accuracy and contamination, and indicate that the analytical results are adequately accurate, precise, and contamination free to support mineral resource estimation.

The sample preparation, analysis, and security procedures are adequate for use in the estimation of mineral resources.

The data verification programs concluded that the data collected from the Project adequately support the geological interpretations and constitute a database of sufficient quality to support the use of the data in mineral resource estimation.

22.5	Metallurgical Testwork

Metallurgical testwork conducted was sufficient to support process designs and was conventional for intermediate epithermal-style gold–silver mineralization. Testwork was performed at independent, recognized metallurgical facilities.

Preg-robbing organic materials are present in the ore. This has been addressed by including addition of active carbon to the CIL circuit to compete against the preg-robbing organics.

The ore has rheology issues under alkaline pH conditions and where there are high solids percentages present. The design recommendations include a neutral milling process isolating the milling and CIL circuit by means of a pre-leaching thickener step.

The metallurgical testwork results support the process route selection of a SAB milling circuit followed by a gravity-CIL gold recovery circuit with cyanide destruction and pressure filtration of the tails. The design basis for overall gold recovery is 85.4% and the silver recovery is 44.6%. Both these recovery values have been confirmed through the 2021 geometallurgical modelling.

Based on the testwork summarized in the 2021 Study, and predictions made from that testwork in terms of mineralogy, plant design considerations, recovery forecasts and presence of deleterious elements, the predictions in terms of proposed throughput and metallurgical performance are acceptable.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-2

22.6	Mineral Resource Estimates

The mineral resource estimate conforms to industry best practices and is reported using the definitions set out in SK-1300, and are reported exclusive of those mineral resources converted to mineral reserves. The reference point for the estimate is insitu. The estimate is supported by core drilling. The estimate was constrained using reasonable prospects of economic extraction that assumed underground mining methods.

22.7	Mineral Reserve Estimates

The mineral reserve estimate conforms to industry best practices and is reported using the mineral reserve definitions set out in SK-1300. The reference point for the estimate is the point of delivery to the process plant.

Mineral reserves, as are estimated by SRK, are:

●

Proven: 0.98 Mt grading 5.09 g/t Au and 2.26 g/t Ag;

	●	Probable: 13.95 Mt grading 3.97 g/t Au and 6.72 g/t Ag;

●

Total proven and probable: 14.93 Mt grading 4.04 g/t Au and 6.43 g/t Ag.

Mine plans and engineering studies were completed, and were at a minimum pre-feasibility-level studies.

Mineral Reserves for the San Gabriel gold deposit incorporate appropriate mining dilution and mining recovery estimates for the selected overhand drift and fill underground mining method.

An NSR cut-off was used in preference to a grade cut-off, since both gold and silver are contributors to the Project economics.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-3

Political and environmental challenges that could affect the mineral reserves as follows:

●

22.8	Mining Methods

The selection of the mining method and mine design have been primarily based on the geomechanics characteristics. Mine design assumed that three different mining methods would be used:

The mining sequence will commence with the highest gold grades, which are located between the 4,620 m and 4,720 m Levels. Mining development will start in year 1 of production and will include all required excavations to ensure production continuity below the 4,600 m Level. The mine plan, based on the mineral reserve estimates, is for a 15-year period. The planned production schedule was based on a 3,000 t/d production rate.

CAF will be used to backfill the stopes.

Ventilation requirements were divided into four stages, to reflect the elevations at which mining activities will be undertaken at various times during operations.

Blasting will be performed by a contractor, with different blast requirements and loading factors for the different mining methods.

The equipment fleet required to support the LOM plan is conventional to underground mining operations.

Underground mining personnel numbers are commensurate with similar projects in Peru.

22.9	Recovery Methods

The proposed recovery method is based on the metallurgical testwork completed and will use conventional equipment and process methods. The proposed flowsheet will consist of jaw crushing followed by SAG-ball milling and a CIL circuit that will include a pre-oxidation step. Desorption will be by Zadra technology and the INCO air/SO2 process was selected for cyanide destruction to ensure environmental compliance. The tailings will be thickened and filtered prior to transportation by trucks from the filtration area to the FTSF.

Process area personnel numbers are commensurate with similar projects in Peru.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-4

22.10

Infrastructure

Infrastructure requirements will include mine and process plant supporting infrastructure, site accommodation facilities, FTSFs, site and internal access roads, power supply and distribution, fresh and process water supply and distribution, and water treatment plant. The accommodation camp capacity is based on an estimate of construction personnel and operations personnel.

Two FTSFs will be required for the LOM plan. There will be four tailings drying platforms. A temporary tailings storage area will be used for a four-month period in the wet season.

Freshwater for the Project will be supplied from a freshwater dam, which will be supplied by, and contain, only rainwater. The dam will also be a water supply source for local communities.

Power will be sourced from the Chilota sub station via a 220 kV power line.

22.11

Market Studies

Payable elements will be gold and silver contained in doré. Given the quality of production expected to come from San Gabriel, its doré production should be acceptable in all of the custom markets. Gold and silver doré is readily marketable, and Buenaventura has experience in marketing such products, with refining contracts in place for other operations. Together with public documents and analyst forecasts, these data support that there is a reasonable basis to assume that for the LOM plan, that the key products will be saleable at the assumed commodity pricing. There are no agency relationships relevant to the marketing strategies used. The doré is not subject to product specification requirements.

LOM average commodity prices were assumed at US$1,600/oz Au and US$25/oz Ag, based on the commodity price forecasts from the CRU Group.

22.12

Environmental, Permitting and Social Considerations

Baseline studies were carried out in the Project area, or over portions of the Project area, from early 2008 onward.

Prior to commencement of construction activities, archaeological remains will be removed in accordance with the approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan.

An Environmental Management Strategy (EMS) was developed based on the EIA-d. The EMS included a number of plans that cover the prevention, control, mitigation, rehabilitation, and compensation measures that Buenaventura will implement during operations and closure. Buenaventura committed to preservation of wetland areas (bofedales). The company will also construct a reservoir to discharge water into the Agani stream, upstream from its confluence with the Jamochini stream, to compensate for the reduction in flow due to the alteration of the wetlands.

A Conceptual Closure Plan was developed in accordance with the applicable national regulations. The estimated closure cost is US$59 M.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-5

A beneficiation concession application was presented to the authorities in June 2020 and is presently in the process of prior consultation (consulta previa). The prior consultation process covers both the mine and the process plant. A list of permits required for construction and operations was prepared. Key permits include the authorization to start exploitation; the beneficiation concession: discharge water license and a variety of permits associated with the storage and use of explosives.

Planned community meetings with the C.C. Santa Cruz de Oyo Oyo community are expected to cover issues of concern to the community such as the status of the consulta previa process, communal land ownership and registration of new community members, registration of the board of directors in the public registers. The community has already indicated to Buenaventura that they would like a bonus upon the final approval of the consulta previa. The CC Corire community and Buenaventura are still in the consultation process. The community has decided that any consulta previa approval would depend on the outcomes of the discussions with Buenaventura.

22.13

Capital Cost Estimates

Capital cost estimates are reported in Q3 2021 US$. The capital costs are at a minimum at a pre-feasibility level of confidence (±25%) as that is defined in SK1300.

Capital cost estimates were as follows:

●

Mine: The initial direct capital cost was US$36.8 M; including US$26.9 M in pre-production operating costs for 26 months; and US$9.9 M in mine equipment and fleet. The initial indirect capital cost of the mine was estimated at US$5.6 M. The sustaining capital cost excluding growth was US$72.7 M, and including growth was US$75.9 M;

●

Process: The total estimated initial direct cost was US$203.2 M. The total estimated initial cost was US$31.9 M. Indirect costs for the initial capital were estimated as US$100.1 M. The total sustaining capital cost of the process area was estimated at US$28.5 M;

●

Owners’: Estimated at US$43.1 M.

●

Closure: estimated at US$59 M.

The overall total capital cost estimate totals US$578.6 M, of which the initial capital cost estimate for the Project amounts to US$467.7 M, and the sustaining capital cost estimate was US$111 M.


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Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-6

22.14	Operating Cost Estimates

Operating cost estimates are reported in Q4 2021 US$. The operating costs are at a minimum at a pre-feasibility level of confidence (±25%) as that is defined in SK1300.

Operating cost estimates were as follows:

●

Mine: The average mine operating cost is estimated at US$32.11/t including mining costs (US$22.84/t); services costs (US$3.80/t); development costs (US$4.27/t) and energy costs (US$1.21/t);

●

Process: The average process operating cost is estimated to be US$27.38$/t;

	●	Infrastructure: Infrastructure operating costs were generally included within the process plant or mining operating costs;

●

General and administrative:

oSustainability: includes permits and environmental; social and patrimonial security contract as well as associated labor and human resources. Estimated at US$3 M over LOM;

oFinance and administration: includes operation catering, IT and office support, camp operations, and external and internal transportation. Estimated at US$4.2 M over LOM;

oMining G&A: includes mine operational staff and maintenance and supervision. Estimated at US$5.1 M over LOM.

The LOM total operating cost estimate is US$1,206 M or US$81.15/t milled.

22.15

Economic Analysis

The economic analysis resulted in a net present value at a 7% discount rate of US$107.6 M, an internal rate of return of 11.1%, and an estimated payback period of 5 years.

The Project is most sensitive to metal pricing and recovery less sensitive to operating costs and least sensitive to capex costs.

22.16

Risks and Opportunities

Key Project risks include:

●

Failure to gain permitting approvals on time including expiration of the approved EIA-d

●

Community expectations regarding the Project and failure to conclude the Consulta Previa process as planned

●

Failure to complete HT power supply contracts on time including approval of the associated EIA-d

●

Transportation of personnel on the Project

●

Failure to achieve planned mining rates due to ground conditions or other factors


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 22-7

24	References

Agnitia Consultores S.A.C. “Estrategia De Minado De la Mina Subterránea San Gabriel Caso Base - Informe Final”. AG-BNV-01 SAN GABRIEL. (2018).

Amphos 21. “Actualización de Estudios Hidrogeológicos”. 259_15. Rev. 1 (2016).

Amphos 21. “Actualización del Modelo Hidrogeologico de Soporte a la Ingeniería de Factibilidad – UM San Gabriel”. Rev. 0. (2020)

ANA. 2010. Criterios de Diseño de Obras Hidráulicas para la Formulación de Proyectos Hidráulicos Multisectoriales y de Afianzamiento Hídrico. Autoridad Nacional del Agua, Lima;

Anddes. “Estudio de Ingeniería de Detalle DME1, Stockpile y Plataforma de Servicios - Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-1000-DT00-RPT-1001. Rev. 0. (2015).

Anddes. “Estudio de Factibilidad Depósito de Relaves Filtrados Fase 1 - Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-4000-DT00-RPT-1001. Rev. 0, (2015).

Anddes. “Estudio de Factibilidad Depósito de Relaves Filtrados Fase 2 - Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-4000-DT00-RPT-3001. Rev. 0. (2015).

Anddes. “Estudio de Factibilidad Fase 1 DME1, DME2, DMI, DMO – Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-7100-DT00-RPT-3001. Rev.0. (2015).

Anddes. “Estudio de Factibilidad Depósito de Material Estéril - Informe Geotécnico de Plataforma de Servicios y DMEs”. 178539-7100-DT00-RPT-0001. Rev. 0. (2015).

Anddes. “Estudio Geotécnico de la Plataforma de Procesos – Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-2000-DT00-RPT-0001. Rev. 0. (2015).

Anddes. “Actualización del Estudio de Peligro Sísmico – Informe Técnico”. 178539-0000-DT00-RPT-0001. Rev. 0 (2016).

Anddes. “Ingeniería de Detalle y CQA de DME1 Fase 0 – Proyecto San Gabriel”. 1416.10.31-5-100-00-MTE-001. (2016).

Anddes. “Ingeniería de Detalle de la Presa de Agua y Sistema de Impulsión – Informe Geotécnico”. 1416.10.32-5-200-21-ITE-001. Rev. B. (2017).

Anddes. “Actualización de Estudio de Canteras – Informe Geotécnico”. 178539-1000-DT00-RPT-2001. Rev. 1. (2017).

Ausenco. San Gabriel Feasibility Study Rev 1 . (2021).

BISA. “Investigaciones Geotécnicas Complementarias – DRF”. ES-002GP0783A-600-00-4001. Rev. 0. (2017).

BISA. “Análisis de Estabilidad Física – DRF”. IT-002GP0783A-600-00-4001. Rev. 0. - (2017).

BISA. “Investigaciones Geotécnicas Complementarias – DMI”. ES-002GP0783A-200-00-4001. Rev. 0. (2017).


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 25-1

Buenaventura. Segunda Modificación del EIA-sd del Proyecto de Explotación Chucapaca, elaborado por Knight Piésold. Lima. (2013).

Buenaventura. Tercera Modificación del EIA-sd del Proyecto de Exploración Chucapaca, elaborado por INSIDEO. Lima. (2015).

Buenaventura. Estudio de Impacto Ambiental detallado (EIA-d) del Proyecto de explotación San Gabriel aprobado por R.D. N° 099-2017-MEM/DGAAM, elaborado por INSIDEO. Lima. (2016).

Buenaventura. Informe Técnico Sustentatorio de cambios en instalaciones auxiliares del Proyecto San Gabriel apobado por R.D. N° 009-2018-SENACE-JEF/DEAR, elaborado por INSIDEO. Lima. (2017).

Buenaventura. Plan de Cierre de Minas del Proyecto San Gabriel, elaborado por INSIDEO. Lima. (2018).

CRU International Ltd. Market input for S-K 1300: San Gabriel (June 2021)

Geo Consultora “Formulación del Modelo Geomecánico del Proyecto Aurífero San Gabriel”. GC05-001-BvN-INF-0001_0 01oct18. (2018).

Geo Consultora “Formulación del Modelo Geomecánico del Proyecto Aurífero San Gabriel”. GC-BVN-SNG-PRES-002-0 16oct18. (2018).

HRA Ingenieros Asociados. “Actualización Hidrológica del Proyecto San Gabriel”. 1501_HID_MBV_Inf.Hidrológico_Rev.0_v2. (2015).

JMF Ingeniería y construcción " Identificación Conceptual De Canteras - U.M. San Gabriel - Informe Final Rev. 0”. 300-022-18-10-IF_0. (2018).

Laboratorio Plenge “Investigación Metalúrgica del Proyecto San Gabriel-Gravimetría-Flotación-Cianuración”. No.17865-71. (2016).

Laboratorio Plenge “Investigación Metalúrgica del Proyecto San Gabriel-Gravimetría-Flotación-Cianuración”. No.18057-58. (2016).

Laboratorio Plenge “Investigación Metalúrgica del Proyecto San Gabriel-Gravimetría-Flotación-Cianuración”. No.18269-70. (2017).

Laboratorio Plenge “Investigación Metalúrgica del Proyecto San Gabriel-Gravimetría-Flotación-Cianuración”. No. 18313 – 18362 (2017).

Laboratorio Plenge “Investigación Metalúrgica del Proyecto San Gabriel-Gravimetría-Flotación-Cianuración”. No. 18599 . (2021). Phase 2 Metallurgical Testwork

MINEM. Guía Ambiental de Manejo de Agua en Operaciones Minero-Metalúrgicas, Ministerio de Energía y Minas, Lima.

TRANSMIN. San Gabriel Gold Recovery Model Memo (August 2021)


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25	Reliance on the registrant

25.1	Introduction

The QPs fully relied on the registrant for the guidance in the areas noted in the following sub-sections. Buenaventura has active mining operations in Peru, and has considerable experience in developing mining operations in the jurisdiction.

The QPs undertook checks that the information provided by the registrant was suitable to be used in the Report.

25.2	Macroeconomic Trends

Information relating to inflation, interest rates, discount rates, foreign exchange rates and taxes.

This information is used in the economic analysis in Chapter 19. It supports the mineral resource estimate in Chapter 11, and the mineral reserve estimate in Chapter 12.

25.3	Markets

Information relating to market studies/markets for product, market entry strategies, marketing and sales contracts, product valuation, product specifications, refining and treatment charges, transportation costs, agency relationships, material contracts (e.g. mining, concentrating, smelting, refining, transportation, handling, hedging arrangements, and forward sales contracts), and contract status (in place, renewals).

This information is used when discussing the market, commodity price and contract information in Chapter 16, and in the economic analysis in Chapter 19. It supports the mineral resource estimate in Chapter 11, and the mineral reserve estimate in Chapter 12.

25.4	Legal Matters

Information relating to the corporate ownership interest, the mineral tenure (concessions, payments to retain, obligation to meet expenditure/reporting of work conducted), surface rights, water rights (water take allowances), royalties, encumbrances, easements and rights-of-way, violations and fines, permitting requirements, ability to maintain and renew permits

This information is used in support of the property ownership information in Chapter 3, the permitting and closure discussions in Chapter 17, and the economic analysis in Chapter 19. It supports the mineral resource estimate in Chapter 11, and the mineral reserve estimate in Chapter 12.

25.5	Environmental Matters

Information relating to baseline and supporting studies for environmental permitting, environmental permitting and monitoring requirements, ability to maintain and renew permits, emissions controls, closure planning, closure and reclamation bonding and bonding requirements, sustainability accommodations, and monitoring for and compliance with requirements relating to protected areas and protected species.

This information is used when discussing property ownership information in Chapter 3, the permitting and closure discussions in Chapter 17, and the economic analysis in Chapter 19. It supports the mineral resource estimate in Chapter 11, and the mineral reserve estimate in Chapter 12.


Project Name: Technical Report Summary, San Gabriel Project, Peru
Report current as at: December 31, 2021	Page 25-1

Discipline Area	Site Visit Date	Scope of Personal Inspection
Geotechnical	13 to 16 September, 2020	Geotechnical investigation and work plan
Infrastructure	03 to 06 September, 2019	General site visit including quarries identification
Infrastructure	19 March, 2019	General site visit
Study management	19 March, 2019	General site visit
Process	19 March, 2019	General site visit

Stage	South Zone	North Zone	Ventilation Requirement (cfm)
1		4,600–4,800 m Level	806,068
2	4,480–4,800 m Levels	4,340–4,600 m Level	806,068


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Geometallurgical Domain	Mass		% Rec. Au
Geometallurgical Domain		Mt	% Rec. Au	%
UGMH	11.86	49.2	88
UGMM	11.68	48.4	83
UGML	0.58	2.4	70
Total	24.12	100	Average 85.6


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Reagent	Consumption	Units
SMBS	2.29	kg/t
Oxygen (92% O2)	1.1	kg/t
Copper sulfate CuSO4	0.07	kg/t


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