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.2

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

 

   September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Assets          
Current assets:          
Restricted cash  $69,515   $59,498 
Accounts receivable   131,332    103,062 
Accounts receivable - affiliates   1,253    1,253 
Inventory   127,311    122,547 
Prepaid expenses   24,943    28,161 
Assets from risk management activities   452,271    424,369 
Deposits   30,118    26,323 
Other current assets   24,104    14,216 
Total current assets   860,847    779,429 
           
Property, plant, and equipment   6,871,453    6,855,838 
Accumulated depreciation   (382,220)   (132,209)
Property, plant, and equipment, net   6,489,233    6,723,629 
           
Intangible assets, net   30,557    31,772 
Assets from risk management activities, long term   416,712    671,161 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net   26,453    27,609 
Goodwill   127,985    127,985 
Other noncurrent assets   135,907    135,907 
Total assets  $8,087,694   $8,497,492 
           
Liabilities and Member's Equity          
Current liabilities:          
Current portion of long-term debt  $8,357   $8,474 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   108,788    189,495 
Liabilities from risk management activities   451,632    414,666 
Deferred revenue   2,992    6,243 
Operating lease liabilities   1,398    1,310 
Other current liabilities   62,831    25,310 
Total current liabilities   635,998    645,498 
           
Long term debt   3,196,882    3,194,168 
Liabilities from risk management activities, long term   422,027    659,818 
Asset retirement obligations   72,396    68,502 
Operating lease liabilities   25,784    26,782 
Other long term liabilities   6,477    12,799 
Total liabilities   4,359,564    4,607,567 
           
Member's equity   3,728,130    3,889,925 
Total liabilities and member's equity  $8,087,694   $8,497,492 

 

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

2

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

 

   Three months ended   Nine months ended   August 9, 2024 to 
   September 30, 2025   September 30, 2025   September 30, 2024 
Revenues:               
Energy and capacity revenues  $686,495   $1,596,084   $200,030 
Other revenue   5,793    14,050    5,272 
Gain (Loss) on risk management activities   20,612    (10,013)   (32,108)
Total revenues   712,900    1,600,121    173,194 
                
Operating expenses:               
Fuel and transportation   217,255    649,131    66,626 
Loss (Gain) on risk management activities   28,954    38,140    (28,112)
Operating and maintenance   41,264    233,431    41,259 
General and administrative   15,602    39,108    17,627 
Depreciation   83,710    251,312    27,622 
Accretion   1,298    3,894    670 
Total operating expenses   388,083    1,215,016    125,692 
                
Operating income   324,817    385,105    47,502 
                
Interest expense, net   (58,664)   (178,010)   (65,670)
Other loss, net   (429)   (1,690)   (8,034)
Net Income (loss)  $265,724   $205,405   $(26,202)

 

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

3

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Member's Equity

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

 

   Total 
   member's 
   equity 
Balance at August 9, 2024  $4,530,636 
Net loss   (26,202)
Capital contribution   9,820 
Distributions   (517,553)
Balance at September 30, 2024  $3,996,701 
      
Balance at December 31, 2024  $3,889,925 
Net income   205,405 
Distributions   (367,200)
Balance at September 30, 2025  $3,728,130 
      
Balance at June 30, 2025  $3,726,406 
Net income   265,724 
Distributions   (264,000)
Balance at September 30, 2025  $3,728,130 

 

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

4

 

 

Lightning Power , LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

 

   Three months ended   Nine months ended   August 9, 2024 to 
   September 30, 2025   September 30, 2025   September 30, 2024 
Cash flows from operating activities:               
Net income (loss)  $265,724   $205,405   $(26,202)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:               
Loss on debt extinguishment   -    -    16,478 
Loss on disposal of assets   38,032    38,032    - 
Depreciation   83,710    251,312    27,622 
Amortization of intangible assets   405    1,215    85 
Amortization of right-of-use assets   384    1,156    207 
Amortization of deferred financing costs   2,263    6,751    1,121 
Risk management activities   (19,924)   25,702    (237,369)
Accretion   1,298    3,894    670 
Gain on insurance proceeds   (25,000)   (25,000)   - 
Change in assets and liabilities:               
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable   36,309    (28,270)   (614)
Decrease in accounts receivable - affiliate   -    -    1,528 
(Increase) decrease in inventory and capital spares   (925)   (4,764)   23,044 
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses   5,871    3,218    (742)
Increase in other current assets   (3,372)   (9,888)   (1,885)
Decrease (increase) in deposits   3,026    (3,795)   3,248 
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses   (86,009)   (80,706)   (3,874)
Increase in other current liabilities   19,896    37,521    - 
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue   825    (3,251)   - 
(Decrease) increase in other non-current liabilities   (2,783)   (6,322)   390 
Decrease in operating lease liabilities   (174)   (910)   (112)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities   319,556    411,300    (196,405)
                
Cash flows from investing activites:               
Capital expenditures   (43,638)   (54,958)   (4,586)
Insurance proceeds received   25,000    25,000    - 
Net cash used for investing activities   (18,638)   (29,958)   (4,586)
                
Cash flows from financing activities:               
Proceeds from issuance of short term debt   -    72,500    - 
Proceeds from issuance of long term debt   -    -    3,250,000 
Principal payments on short term debt   (12,500)   (63,500)   - 
Principal payments on long term debt   (4,375)   (13,125)   (2,489,742)
Deferred financing costs   -    -    (67,330)
Capital contributions   -    -    9,820 
Distributions   (264,000)   (367,200)   (517,553)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities   (280,875)   (371,325)   185,195 
                
Net change in restricted cash   20,043    10,017    (15,796)
Restricted cash, beginning of period   49,472    59,498    164,405 
Restricted cash, end of period  $69,515   $69,515   $148,609 
                
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:               
Cash paid for interest  $84,978   $202,442   $34,478 

 

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

5

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(1)Organization

 

Lightning Power, LLC (the Company), a Delaware limited liability company, was formed on June 21, 2024, to own, finance, develop, and manage a diverse portfolio of power generation facilities across the United States and is wholly owned by Lightning Power Holdings, LLC (Lightning Holdings). Lightning Holdings is directly owned by Fund III Lightning Holdings, LLC (Fund III Holdings) and Gridiron Holdings, LLC (Gridiron Holdings). Fund III Holdings and Gridiron Holdings own 68% and 32%, respectively, Class A common units of Lighting Holdings. Fund III Holdings is indirectly owned, through various holding companies, by Granite Energy, LLC (Granite) and Helix Generation, LLC (Helix). Gridiron Holdings is indirectly owned, through various holding companies, by Gridiron Energy, LLC (Gridiron).

 

On August 9, 2024, Gridiron, Helix, and Granite contributed 100% ownership interest in their respective generation facilities to the Company. Additionally on the same date, Helix contributed 100% ownership in Rise Light & Power, LLC and subsidiaries (Rise), which was formed to identify, evaluate, and develop investment opportunities within the power industry. The Company was the accounting acquirer in the transaction as it was a substantive entity and obtained controlling financial interests in each of the generation facilities via the contribution of their equity in exchange for the equity of the Company, and the transaction was not among entities under common control.

 

On May 12, 2025, a definitive purchase and sale agreement was executed with NRG Energy, Inc. for the sale of the Company. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals.

 

The Generation Facilities that are owned by the Company are described below:

 

Generation Facilities  Location  Size  Year operational  Type
Springdale Energy, LLC  Springdale, PA  700 MW  1999-2003  Simple & Combined Cycle
Gans Energy, LLC  Gans, PA  96 MW  2000  Simple Cycle
Chambersburg Energy, LLC  Chambersburg, PA  100 MW  2001  Simple Cycle
Aurora Generation, LLC  Aurora, IL  1,050 MW  2001  Simple Cycle
Rockford Generation, LLC  Rockford, IL  550 MW  2000/2002  Simple Cycle
Armstrong Power, LLC  Shelocta, PA  780 MW  2002  Simple Cycle
Troy Energy, LLC  Luckey, OH  780 MW  2002  Simple Cycle
Helix Ironwood, LLC  Lebanon, PA  760 MW  2001  Combined Cycle
LSP University Park, LLC  University Park, IL  582 MW  2002  Simple Cycle
University Park Energy, LLC  University Park, IL  328 MW  2001  Simple Cycle
Wallingford Energy, LLC  Wallingford, CT  350 MW  2002  Simple Cycle
Riverside Generating Company, LLC  Lousia, KY  976 MW  1999  Simple Cycle
Doswell Limited Partnership  Hanover County, VA  1274 MW  2001, 1992  Simple & Combined Cycle
Helix Ravenswood, LLC  Queens, NY  1995 MW  1963  Combined Cycle
Ocean State Power LLC  Burrillville, RI  560 MW  1990  Combined Cycle

 

6

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(2)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

(a)Basis of Presentation

 

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Lightning Power, LLC have been prepared by us, without audit, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations. All normal recurring adjustments have been included, and intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the interim condensed and consolidated financial statements. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2024. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those to be expected for the fiscal year.

 

These consolidated financial statements and notes reflect the Company’s evaluation of events occurring subsequent to the consolidated balance sheet date through November 14, 2025, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

 

(b)Use of Estimates

 

Management makes estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenues and expenses to prepare the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The most significant of these estimates and assumptions relate to derivative instruments and asset retirement obligations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

(3)Select Balance Sheet Information

 

(a)Restricted Cash

 

Restricted cash consists of amounts that are restricted under the terms of certain financing agreements from transfer or dividend until such time as certain conditions are met. Such restricted cash is used primarily for operating expenses and debt service.

 

(b)Inventory

 

As of September 30, 2025, spare parts inventory, fuel oil, and natural gas were $76.2 million, $50.9 million, and $0.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, spare parts inventory, fuel oil, and natural gas were $74.2 million, $47.8 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.

 

(c)Asset Retirement Obligations

 

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a liability of $72.4 million and $68.5 million respectively, for asset retirement obligations to provide for the future removal and dismantling of certain generation facilities. Accretion expense was $1.3 million and $3.9 million, for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Accretion expense was $0.7 million for the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024.

 

7

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(d)Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

   As of   As of 
   September 30, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Land and improvements  $100,440   $100,440 
Plant and equipment   6,686,609    6,683,094 
Capital spares   48,009    46,933 
Computer software and hardware   989    922 
Office furniture and equipment   240    240 
Equipment and tools   735    735 
Construction in progress   34,010    23,066 
Warehouse storage   162    162 
Vehicles   259    246 
Total property, plant and equipment   6,871,453    6,855,838 
Accumulated depreciation   (382,220)   (132,209)
Property, plant and equipment, net  $6,489,233   $6,723,629 

 

For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment was $83.7 million and $251.3 million, respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment was $27.6 million.

 

During 2025, the Company experienced an outage event that resulted in an involuntary conversion. The affected assets were replaced, and the related insurance recoveries and asset additions were recognized in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.

 

(e)Other Noncurrent Assets

 

Other noncurrent assets primarily consist of initial loan contributions that were made by the Company to an unrelated joint venture. The loan contribution accrues interest at 7% per annum. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a long term debt receivable of $135.9 million. Other noncurrent assets are stated at their carrying values, net of a reserve for doubtful accounts based on evidence of collectability. There were no impairments to Other noncurrent assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

 

(f)Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Allowances

 

Certain Generation Facilities are located in states that participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a RGGI allowance liability of $62.8 million and $23.3 million respectively, which is included in Other current liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, RGGI allowance expense was $21.4 million and $41.1 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, RGGI allowance expense was $9.7 million. RGGI allowance expenses were reflected as a component of fuel and transportation expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

8

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(4)Revenue Recognition

 

Capacity revenue is recognized over time as the Company satisfies its performance obligation of maintaining available generation capacity at negotiated contract terms. Energy revenue consists of physical and financial transactions and is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied upon delivery of electricity to customers. Physical transactions are recorded on a gross basis in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as the Company controls the specified electricity before transfer to customers. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue in the amount it has the right to invoice for both capacity and energy revenue, as this represents the value transferred to customers. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, capacity revenue amounted to $213.9 million and $434.3 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, capacity revenue amounted to $69.2 million. These capacity revenues were reflected as a component of Energy and capacity revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

(5)Facility and Contract Commitments

 

(a)Energy Management Agreements

 

For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred costs under the Energy Management Agreements (EMAs) of $1.0 million and $2.9 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company incurred costs under these agreements of $0.6 million. Costs associated with the EMAs were recorded in General and administrative expense on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The characteristics and details of the EMAs remain consistent with those disclosed in the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, with no material updates during the interim period.

 

(b)Operation and Maintenance Agreements

 

For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred costs under the O&M agreements of $18.1 million and $55.6 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company incurred costs under the O&M agreements of $10.7 million. Costs associated with the O&M agreements were recorded in Operating and maintenance and General and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The characteristics and details of these agreements remain consistent with those disclosed in the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, with no material updates during the interim period.

 

(c)Asset Management and Fuel Supply Agreements

 

For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred costs under the asset management and fuel supply agreements of $180.3 million and $547.7 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company incurred costs under the asset management and fuel supply agreements of $49.0 million. Costs associated with the asset management and fuel supply agreements were recorded in Fuel and transportation expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The characteristics and details of these agreements remain consistent with those disclosed in the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, with no material updates during the interim period.

 

9

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(d)Gas Transportation and Storage Agreements

 

Certain generation facilities have firm gas transportation and storage agreements with various counterparties. These agreements call for the counterparties to deliver natural gas, not to exceed the daily maximum, to a specific interconnection point, specified in the respective agreements.

 

For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred costs under the gas transportation agreements of $15.3 million and $45.0 million respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company incurred costs under the gas transportation agreements of $9.4 million. Costs associated with the gas transportation agreements were recorded in Fuel and transportation expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The characteristics and details of these agreements remain consistent with those disclosed in the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, with no material updates during the interim period.

 

(e)Equipment Maintenance Agreements

 

Certain generation facilities have long term maintenance contracts with several counterparties. Based on the terms of such agreements, payments will either be deferred as prepaid expenses until maintenance occurs or expensed quarterly. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company made payments totaling $9.0 million and $27.2 million, respectively, under such agreements. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company made payments totaling $3.3 million under such agreements.

 

As of September 30, 2025, the costs incurred on certain generation facilities have exceeded the cumulative payments made and accordingly, the net excess in the amounts of $20.2 million and $6.5 million, respectively, is reflected as a component of Accounts Payable and accrued expenses and Other long term liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Conversely, as of September 30, 2025, payments made by certain generation facilities have exceeded the cumulative costs and accordingly the net excess in the amounts of $24.1 million is reflected as a component of Other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

(f)Capacity Agreements

 

The Company has several agreements to sell capacity to various counterparties. These agreements enable certain Generation Facilities to sell to various counterparties a fixed quantity of capacity at a fixed price for a certain period of time.

 

(g)Electric and Gas Interconnection Agreements

 

The Company has electric interconnection agreements with several counterparties that connect the Generation Facilities to the electrical power grid. The agreements continue in effect indefinitely until terminated. The Company has gas interconnection agreements with various counterparties that connect Generation Facilities to their respective natural gas pipelines. The agreements continue in effect indefinitely until terminated. For all periods presented, the Company did not incur maintenance costs relating to the electric and gas interconnection agreements.

 

10

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(6)Financing Arrangements

 

Our financing arrangements consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

   As of   As of 
Loan agreement  September 30, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Term Loan  $1,732,500   $1,745,625 
Secured Notes   1,500,000    1,500,000 
Revolving Facility   30,000    21,000 
Total debt principal   3,262,500    3,266,625 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discount   (57,261)   (63,983)
Total debt   3,205,239    3,202,642 
Less: current portion   (8,357)   (8,474)
Long-term debt  $3,196,882   $3,194,168 

 

(a)Credit Agreement

 

On August 16, 2024, the Company entered into a credit agreement (Credit Agreement) with various lenders. The Credit Agreement consists of a term loan totaling $1.75 billion (Term Loan) and revolving loan facility of $600 million (Revolving Facility). The maturity date of the Term Loan and the Revolving Facility is August 16, 2031, and August 16, 2029, respectively. The interest rate for the Term Loan is equal to the SOFR rate plus a margin of 3.25%. The interest rate in effect at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 for the Term Loan was 6.25% and 7.58%, respectively.

 

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $1.73 billion and $1.75 billion respectively, outstanding under the Credit Agreement, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, there was $54.7 million and $30.0 million of LOCs and borrowing, respectively, outstanding under the Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2024, there was $60.0 million and $21.0 million of LOCs and borrowing, respectively, outstanding under the Revolving Facility.

 

As of September 30, 2025, the unamortized debt issuance and deferred financing costs totaled $57.3 million of which the current portion was $9.1 million. As of December 31, 2024, the unamortized debt issuance and deferred financing costs totaled $64.0 million of which the current portion was $9.0 million The amortization of these costs is reflected as a component of Interest expense, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, amortization of such costs totaled $2.3 million and $6.8 million, respectively. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, amortization of such costs totaled $1.1 million.

 

(b)Notes Indenture

 

On August 16, 2024, the Company entered into a notes indenture with various lenders, which consists of senior secured notes (Secured Notes) totaling $1.5 billion with a maturity date of August 15, 2032. The fixed interest rate on the Secured Notes is 7.25% and is paid semi-annually in arrears on and of each year, commencing on February 15, 2025. The principal amount of the Secured Notes will be paid in full on maturity unless the Company chooses to early redeem.

 

11

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

(7)Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

 

The Company enters into commodity derivatives to reduce its exposure to market fluctuations of energy prices and gas prices. The Company is a party to the following derivative instruments:

 

(a)Heat Rate Call Options

 

The Company has heat rate call option contracts with various counterparties. The contracts provided for receipt of fixed option premium payments by the Company, net of energy settlements based on a fixed heat rate, power reference index price, gas reference index price, and certain energy prices. The heat rate call option is marked to market with changes in fair value recognized in current period earnings.

 

(b)Commodity Derivatives

 

The Company enters into various energy related derivatives to manage the commodity price risk associated with power revenue and fuel costs for the Generation Facilities, including:

 

a) Power Swap Contracts, which require payments to or from counterparties based upon the difference between the contract and the market price for a predetermined notional amount. These contracts are used to manage commodity price risk associated with changes in the ISOs power prices.

 

b) Gas Swap Contracts, which require payments to or from counterparties based upon the difference between the contract and the market price for a predetermined notional amount. These contracts are used to manage commodity price risk at multiple delivery points associated with changes in fuel prices.

 

c) Capacity Contracts, which require payments from counterparties based upon the difference between the contract and the market price for a predetermined notional amount.

 

d) Option Contracts, which provide the Company the ability to buy or sell power at a fixed price.

 

e) RGGI Contracts, which two parties agree to exchange a fixed number of allowances of a certain vintage year at a fixed price for a specific delivery month.

 

The Power Swap Contracts, Gas Swap Contracts, Capacity Contracts, Option Contracts, Heat Rate Call Option Contracts, and RGGI Contracts are entered into as part of the Company’s overall hedging strategy with respect to commodity price risk associated with energy gross margin. The Company records changes in the fair value of the commodity derivatives in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in the current period.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the assets and liabilities of the Company that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025. These assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy defined by ASC 820 are as follows:

 

· Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

 

12

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

· Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices for commodities, time value, volatility factors, and current market and agreement prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all these assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

 

· Level 3 – Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.

 

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

 

   Fair value as of September 30, 2025 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
Commodity Derivatives  $   $(208)  $   $(208)
Capacity Contracts       17,023        17,023 
Heat Rate Call Options           (16,651)   (16,651)
RGGI Contracts       (4,840)       (4,840)
Assets (liabilities) from risk management activities, net  $   $11,975   $(16,651)  $(4,676)

 

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

   Fair value as of December 31, 2024 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
Commodity Derivatives  $   $57,184   $   $57,184 
Capacity Contracts       (1,333)       (1,333)
Call Options       (875)       (875)
Heat Rate Call Options           (44,047)   (44,047)
RGGI Contracts       10,117        10,117 
Assets (liabilities) from risk management activities, net  $   $65,093   $(44,047)  $21,046 

 

The following tables provide quantitative information for financial instruments classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the period ended September 30, 2025:

 

   Valuation     Average/Range    
   Technique  Significant Inputs  September 30, 2025   Units
Heat rate call options  Model  Electricity regional prices  $59.34   Dollars/MWH
      Natural gas prices  $3.57   Dollars/MMBtu
      Power price volatility   38.4%   
      Gas price volatility   55.3%   

 

13

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

The following tables provide quantitative information for financial instruments classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the period ended December 31, 2024:

 

   Valuation     Average/Range    
   Technique  Significant Inputs  December 31, 2024   Units
Heat rate call options  Model  Electricity regional prices  $51.81   Dollars/MWH
      Natural gas prices  $3.53   Dollars/MMBtu
      Power price volatility   36.7%   
      Gas price volatility   52.3%   

 

The following tables present information concerning the impact of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Impact of Derivative Instruments on the Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

The following tables present the classifications and fair value of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

Instrument  Balance sheet location  September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging activities:       
Call Options  Assets from risk-management activities  $-   $(875)
Heat rate call options  Liabilities from risk-management activities   (16,651)   (44,047)
Commodity Derivatives  Assets from risk-management activities   408,971    398,736 
Commodity Derivatives  Assets from risk-management activities, long term   414,952    652,738 
Commodity Derivatives  Liabilities from risk-management activities   (409,380)   (349,842)
Commodity Derivatives  Liabilities from risk-management activities, long term   (414,752)   (644,448)
Capacity contracts  Assets from risk-management activities   43,113    25,169 
Capacity contracts  Assets from risk-management activities, long term   1,760    8,770 
Capacity contracts  Liabilities from risk-management activities   (24,614)   (19,902)
Capacity contracts  Liabilities from risk-management activities, long term   (3,236)   (15,370)
RGGI Contracts  Assets from risk-management activities   187    464 
RGGI Contracts  Assets from risk-management activities, long term       9,653 
RGGI Contracts  Liabilities from risk-management activities   (987)    
RGGI Contracts  Liabilities from risk-management activities, long term   (4,039)    
Total derivatives not designated as hedging activities   (4,676)   21,046 
Total derivatives, net (liability) asset     $(4,676)  $21,046 

 

14

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

Impact of Derivative Instruments on the Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

The following table presents the classification and amount of the gains and losses on derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the period ended September 30, 2025 and for the period from August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024. The impact of derivative instruments that have not been designated as hedging instruments (in thousands):

 

      Amount of gain (loss) in income on 
      derivatives for the periods ended 
      Three months   August 9, 2024 
   Location of gain (loss) recognized in  ended September   to September 
Instrument  income on derivatives  30, 2025   30, 2024 
Commodity derivatives - power  Gain (loss) on risk management activities  $35,184   $38,910 
Commodity derivatives - gas  Loss (gain) on risk management activities   (28,954)   28,112 
Capacity contract  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   4,348    (35,715)
Heat rate call options  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   (19,950)   (10,436)
RGGI Contracts  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   1,030    (24,867)
Total loss in income on derivatives     $(8,342)  $(3,996)

 

      Amount of gain (loss) in income on 
      derivatives for the periods ended 
      Nine months   August 9, 2024 
   Location of gain (loss) recognized in  ended September   to September 
Instrument  income on derivatives  30, 2025   30, 2024 
Commodity derivatives - power  Gain (loss) on risk management activities  $61,959   $38,910 
Commodity derivatives - gas  Loss (gain) on risk management activities   (38,140)   28,112 
Capacity contract  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   (22,409)   (35,715)
Heat rate call options  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   (50,587)   (10,436)
RGGI Contracts  Gain (loss) on risk management activities   1,024    (24,867)
Total loss in income on derivatives     $(48,153)  $(3,996)

 

Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities

 

The Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities on the balance sheets by offsetting amounts that could be netted pursuant to agreements with the Company’s counterparties.

 

The following tables present the gross and net derivative assets and liabilities and shows the effect if the offsetting amounts were shown net pursuant to agreements with the Company’s counterparties on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

 

   Gross amounts not
offset in financial
statements as of
September 30,
2025
   Offsetting amounts
of derivative
instruments as of
September 30,
2025
   Net amount after
offset as of
September 30, 2025
 
Assets from risk management activities  $868,983   $(165,330)  $703,653 
Liabilities from risk management activities   (873,659)   165,330    (708,329)
Net risk management activities  $(4,676)  $   $(4,676)

 

15

 

 

LIGHTNING POWER, LLC

(A Delaware Limited Liability Company)

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,

For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024

 

The following tables present the gross and net derivative assets and liabilities and shows the effect if the offsetting amounts were shown net pursuant to agreements with the Company’s counterparties on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

   Gross amounts not
offset in financial
statements as of
December 31, 2024
   Offsetting amounts
of derivative
instruments as of
December 31, 2024
   Net amount after
offset as of
December 31, 2024
 
Assets from risk management activities  $1,095,530   $(233,047)  $862,483 
Liabilities from risk management activities   (1,074,484)   233,047    (841,437)
Net risk management activities  $21,046   $   $21,046 

 

(8)Related Party Transactions

 

The Company receives certain overhead administrative and management services from an affiliate. These costs are not allocated to the Company. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company made payments of $7.7 million and $13.0 million, respectively, to an affiliate for costs related to the operation and management of the Company. For the period August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company made payments of $1.2 million to an affiliate for costs related to the operation and management of the Company. These costs are reflected under General and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

 

(9)Member’s Equity

 

Profits, losses, and distributions are allocated in accordance with the provisions of the Company’s Limited Liability Company agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company made distributions in the amount of $367.2 million. For the period from August 9, 2024 to September 30, 2024, the Company made distributions in the amount of $517.6 million.

 

(10)Commitments and Contingencies

 

The Company enters into contracts in the ordinary course of business that contain various representations, warranties, indemnifications, and guarantees. Some of the agreements contain indemnities that cover the other party’s negligence or limit the other party’s liability with respect to third-party claims, in which event the Company effectively indemnifies the other party. While there is the possibility of a loss related to such representations, warranties, indemnifications, and guarantees in the contracts and such loss could be significant, the Company considers the probability of loss to be remote. The Company, from time to time, is a party to certain other claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is of the opinion that final disposition of these claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

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