UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100

San Diego, CA 92121

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held on Thursday, May 14, 2026

Dear Stockholders:

You are cordially invited to attend the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), to be held on Thursday, May 14, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, via live audio webcast. You will be able to attend and participate in the Annual Meeting online by visiting www.proxydocs.com/BNGO, where you will be able to listen to the meeting live, submit questions and vote. You will need to have the control number included in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, on your voting instruction form, on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials to join the virtual Annual Meeting. As always, we encourage you to vote your shares prior to the Annual Meeting.

You are being asked to vote on the following matters:

These items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this notice.

The Annual Meeting will be held virtually though a live audio webcast. To participate, vote or submit questions during the Annual Meeting, please visit www.proxydocs.com/BNGO. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

The record date for the Annual Meeting is March 19, 2026. Stockholders of record must have the control number included in your Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or on your proxy card if you receive the proxy materials by mail. If your shares are held in street name and your voting instruction form or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials indicates that you may vote those shares through the http://www.proxypush.com/BNGO website, then you may access, participate in, and vote at the Annual Meeting with the control number indicated on that voting instruction form or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials. Otherwise, stockholders who hold their shares in street name should contact their bank, broker, or other nominee (preferably at least five days before the Annual Meeting) and obtain a “legal proxy” in order to be able to participate in or vote at the Annual Meeting.

San Diego, California

April 2, 2026

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100

San Diego, CA 92121

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR THE 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held on Thursday, May 14, 2026

Our Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors” or the “Board”) is soliciting your proxy to vote at the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (sometimes referred to as “we,” “us,” the “Company” or “Bionano”) to be held virtually, via live audio webcast at www.proxydocs.com/BNGO, on Thursday, May 14, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time, and any one or more adjournments or postponements thereof. Stockholders attending the virtual meeting will be afforded the same rights and opportunities to participate as they would at an in-person meeting.

For the Annual Meeting, we have elected to furnish our proxy materials, including this proxy statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”), to our stockholders primarily via the Internet. On or about Thursday, April 2, 2026, we expect to mail to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) that contains notice of the Annual Meeting and instructions on how to access our proxy materials on the Internet, how to vote at the Annual Meeting and how to request printed copies of the proxy materials.

Stockholders of record at the close of business on Thursday, March 19, 2026 (the “Record Date”) will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. On the Record Date, there were 11,091,615 shares of common stock outstanding. A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for examination by stockholders for any purpose germane to the Annual Meeting for ten days before the Annual Meeting during normal business hours at our address above.

The Annual Report, which contains consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, accompanies this proxy statement. You also may obtain a copy of the Annual Report that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), without charge, by writing to our Secretary at 9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, Attention: Secretary.

MEETING AGENDA

Table of Contents

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THESE PROXY MATERIALS AND VOTING

Why did I receive a notice regarding the availability of proxy materials on the Internet?

Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the Internet. Accordingly, we have sent you the Notice because the Board is soliciting your proxy to vote at the Annual Meeting, including at any one or more adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting. All stockholders will have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or request to receive a printed set of the proxy materials. Instructions on how to access the proxy materials over the Internet or to request a printed copy may be found in the Notice.

We intend to mail the Notice on or about Thursday, April 2, 2026 to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Will I receive any other proxy materials by mail?

We may send you a proxy card subject to a proper request for such materials as indicated on the Notice.

Where and when is the Annual Meeting?

The Annual Meeting will be held on Thursday, May 14, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, via live audio webcast on the Internet, with no physical in-person meeting. A summary of the information you need to attend the Annual Meeting online is provided below:

We recommend that you log in approximately five minutes before 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time to ensure you are logged in when the Annual Meeting starts. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement or our Annual Report.

If you plan to vote during the Annual Meeting, you may still do so even if you have already returned your proxy.

What do I need in order to be able to participate in the Annual Meeting online?

You will need the control number included on your Notice, voting instruction form or your proxy card in order to be able to vote your shares or submit questions during the Annual Meeting. If you do not have your control number, you will be able to listen to the Annual Meeting only, you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the Annual Meeting. Instructions on how to connect and participate in the Annual Meeting via the Internet are posted at www.proxydocs.com/BNGO.

For the Annual Meeting, how do we ask questions of management and the Board?

Stockholders may submit questions relevant to the proposals to be voted on at the Annual Meeting in advance of the Annual Meeting through www.proxydocs.com/BNGO. We plan to spend up to 15 minutes answering appropriate stockholder questions at the conclusion of the Annual Meeting and will include as many stockholder questions as the allotted time permits, and that comply with the rules of conduct posted on the Company’s investor relations website at ir.bionano.com for the Annual Meeting, as determined by the chair of the meeting. We will post the rules of conduct at the virtual shareholder meeting website. If we receive substantially similar questions, we will group such questions together and provide a single response to avoid repetition. Questions that are not relevant to the proposals to be voted on at the Annual Meeting will not be responded to. Stockholders of

record as of the Record Date may also submit questions beginning 15 minutes prior to and during the Annual Meeting by logging in to www.proxydocs.com/BNGO and entering the control number included on the Notice, voting instruction form or proxy card.

What if during the Annual Meeting I have technical difficulties or trouble accessing the live audio webcast of the Annual Meeting?

On the day of the Annual Meeting, if you encounter any difficulties accessing the live audio webcast of the Annual Meeting or during the Annual Meeting, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the log-in page for our virtual Annual Meeting for assistance.

Who can vote at the Annual Meeting?

On the Record Date, there were 11,091,615 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Only stockholders of record on the Record Date will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If on the Record Date your shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, then you are a stockholder of record. As a stockholder of record, you may vote at the Annual Meeting or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, we urge you to fill out and return the proxy card that may be mailed to you, or vote by proxy over the telephone or on the Internet as instructed below to ensure your vote is counted.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker or Bank

If on the Record Date your shares were held, not in your name, but rather in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer or other similar organization, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and the Notice should be forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank, dealer or other agent regarding how to vote the shares in your account. You must follow the instructions provided by your brokerage firm, bank, or other similar organization for your bank, broker or other stockholder of record to vote your shares per your instructions. Alternatively, many brokers and banks provide the means to grant proxies or otherwise instruct them to vote your shares by telephone and via the Internet, including by providing you with a 16-digit control number via email or on your Notice or your voting instruction form. If your shares are held in an account with a broker, bank or other stockholder of record providing such a service, you may instruct them to vote your shares by telephone (by calling the number provided in the proxy materials) or over the Internet as instructed by your broker, bank or other stockholder of record. If you did not receive a 16-digit control number via email or on your Notice or voting instruction form, and you wish to vote prior to or at the virtual Annual Meeting, you must follow the instructions from your broker, bank or other stockholder of record, including any requirement to obtain a valid legal proxy. Many brokers, banks and other stockholders of record allow a beneficial owner to obtain a valid legal proxy either online or by mail, and we recommend that you contact your broker, bank or other stockholder of record to do so.

How many votes do I have?

On each matter to be voted upon, you have one vote for each share of common stock you own as of the Record Date.

What am I voting on?

There are three matters scheduled to be voted on at the Annual Meeting:

What if another matter is properly brought before the Annual Meeting?

The Board does not know of any other matters to be brought before the Annual Meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the Annual Meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment. This discretionary authority is granted when you sign the form of proxy.

How do I vote?

The procedures for voting are as follows:

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If you are a stockholder of record on the Record Date, you may vote at the Annual Meeting, vote by proxy over the telephone, vote by proxy through the Internet or vote by proxy using a proxy card that you may request or that we may elect to deliver at a later time. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy to ensure your vote is counted. You may still attend the Annual Meeting and vote online during the meeting even if you have already voted by proxy.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of Broker or Bank

If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your broker, bank, dealer or other agent, you should have received the Notice or voting instruction form containing voting instructions from that organization rather than from us. Simply follow the voting instructions in the Notice or voting instruction form to ensure that your vote is counted. Alternatively, you may vote by telephone or over the Internet as instructed by your broker or bank. To vote online during the Annual Meeting, you will need the control number included on your Notice, on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials.

If I am a stockholder of record and I do not vote, or if I return a proxy card or otherwise vote without giving specific voting instructions, what happens?

If you are a stockholder of record and do not vote by completing your proxy card, by telephone, through the Internet or online during the Annual Meeting, your shares will not be voted.

If you return a signed and dated proxy card or otherwise vote without marking voting selections, your shares will be voted, as applicable, “For” Proposal 1, the election of both nominees for director (the “Director Election Proposal”), “For” Proposal 2, the advisory vote on executive compensation (the “Say-on-Pay Proposal”), and “For” Proposal 3, the ratification of the appointment by the Audit Committee of the Board of BDO USA, P.C. as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026 (the “Auditor Ratification Proposal”).

The persons identified as having the authority to vote the proxies also will have discretionary authority to vote, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting and any postponement or adjournment. The Board is not aware of any other matters that are likely to be brought before the Annual Meeting. If any other matter is properly presented for action at the Annual Meeting, the persons identified as having the authority to vote the proxies on your behalf will vote your shares on such matter in their own discretion.

If I am a beneficial owner of shares held in street name and I do not provide my broker or bank with voting instructions, what happens?

If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name and you do not instruct your broker how to vote your shares, the question of whether your broker will still be able to vote your shares depends on whether the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) deems the particular proposal to be a “routine” matter. Although our shares are not listed with the NYSE, the NYSE regulates broker-dealers and their discretion to vote on stockholder proposals. Under the NYSE rules applicable to brokers and other similar organizations that are subject to NYSE rules, such organizations may use their discretion to vote your “uninstructed shares” with respect to matters considered to be “routine” under NYSE rules, but not with respect to “non-routine” matters. Under such rules and interpretations, non-routine matters are matters that may substantially affect the rights or privileges of stockholders, such as mergers, stockholder proposals, elections of directors (even if not contested), executive compensation (including any advisory stockholder votes on executive compensation and on the frequency of stockholder votes on executive compensation), and certain corporate governance proposals, even if management-supported. In this regard, we believe that under NYSE rules Proposal 1 (the Director Election Proposal) and Proposal 2 (the Say-on-Pay Proposal) are each considered “non-routine” and, accordingly, your broker may not vote your shares on such proposals without your instructions. We also believe that Proposal 3 (the Auditor Ratification Proposal) is considered “routine” and, accordingly, your broker may vote your shares on such proposal without instructions from you. Nevertheless, whether a proposal is “routine” or “non-routine” remains subject to the final determination of the NYSE. If your shares are held by a bank, your shares cannot be voted without your specific instructions.

What are “broker non-votes”?

As discussed above, when a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” does not give voting instructions to his or her broker, bank or other agent holding his or her shares as to how to vote on matters deemed to be “non-routine”, the broker, bank or other securities intermediary cannot vote the shares. When there is at least one “routine” matter that the broker, bank or other securities intermediary votes on, the shares that are un-voted on “non-routine” matters are counted as “broker non-votes.” Proposal 3 (the Auditor Ratification Proposal) is a “routine” matter, and we therefore expect brokers, banks or other securities intermediaries to vote on that proposal. Proposal 1 (the Director Election Proposal) and Proposal 2 (the Say-on-Pay Proposal) are considered to be “non-routine,” and we therefore expect broker non-votes to exist in connection with such proposals.

Accordingly, if you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, in order to ensure your shares are voted in the way you would prefer, you must provide voting instructions to your broker or bank by the deadline provided in the materials you receive from your broker or bank.

Who is paying for this proxy solicitation?

Bionano will pay for the entire cost of soliciting proxies. In addition to these proxy materials, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies. We may also reimburse brokerage firms, banks, dealers and other agents for the cost of forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners. In addition, we have engaged Morrow Sodali LLC to assist in the solicitation of proxies and provide related advice and informational support, for a services fee and the reimbursement of customary disbursements, which are not expected to exceed $20,000 in total. If you have any questions regarding this proxy statement, you may contact Morrow Sodali LLC at (203) 561-6945.

What does it mean if I receive more than one Notice?

If you receive more than one Notice, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts. Please follow the voting instructions on each Notice to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

Can I change my vote after submitting my proxy?

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

Yes. You can revoke your proxy at any time before the final vote at the Annual Meeting. If you are the record holder of your shares, you may revoke your proxy in any one of the following ways:

Your most current proxy card or telephone or Internet proxy is the one that is counted.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of Broker or Bank

If your shares are held by your broker, bank, or other agent you should follow the instructions provided by your broker, bank, or other agent.

Who will count the vote?

Each share of our common stock you own entitles you to one vote. The inspector of elections will count votes for the meeting.

What vote is required for adoption or approval of each proposal and how will votes be counted?

The following table summarizes the minimum vote needed under our Bylaws to approve each proposal and the effect of abstentions and broker non-votes.

What is the quorum requirement?

A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold the Annual Meeting. The presence, by virtual attendance or by proxy, of the holders of one-third of the voting power of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the Record Date and entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. On the Record Date, there were 11,091,615 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Thus, the holders of 3,697,205 shares of common stock must be present by virtual attendance or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting to have a quorum.

Your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you submit a valid proxy (or one is submitted on your behalf by your broker, bank, dealer or other agent) or if you vote online during the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If there is no quorum, the chair of the Annual Meeting or the holders of a majority of shares of our common stock present by virtual attendance at the Annual Meeting or represented by proxy may adjourn the Annual Meeting to another date.

How can I find out the results of the voting at the Annual Meeting?

Preliminary voting results will be announced at the Annual Meeting. Final voting results will be published in a current report on Form 8-K that we expect to file with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K within four business days after the Annual Meeting, we intend to file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Form 8-K to publish the final results.

When are stockholder proposals and director nominations due for next year’s Annual Meeting?

Only proper proposals under Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) which are timely received will be included in the proxy materials for our next annual meeting. To be considered for inclusion in the Company’s proxy materials for next year’s annual meeting, your proposal must be submitted in writing by December 3, 2026, to: Secretary of Bionano Genomics, Inc., 9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121.

The Company’s amended and restated bylaws (as amended, the “Bylaws”) require stockholders to provide advance notice to the Company of any stockholder director nomination(s) and any other matter a stockholder wishes to present for action at an annual meeting of stockholders (other than matters to be included in our proxy statement, which are discussed in the previous paragraph). If you wish to submit a proposal (including a director nomination) that is not to be included in the Company’s proxy materials for next year’s annual meeting, our Bylaws require, among other things, that the stockholder submit written notice thereof complying with our Bylaws to our Secretary at the above address, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Therefore, the Company must receive notice of a stockholder proposal submitted other than pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (as discussed above) between January 14, 2027 and February 13, 2027. You are also advised to review the Company’s Bylaws, which contain additional requirements relating to advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

In addition to satisfying the foregoing requirements under our Bylaws, to comply with the universal proxy rules, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than our Board’s nominees must also comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and provide notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) no later than March 15, 2027.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Proxy Statement contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, relating to future events, including statements related to the potential effects of approval and non-approval of the Share Issuance Proposal and statements regarding our potential cash runway. Such statements are only predictions and involve risks and uncertainties, resulting in the possibility that the actual events or performance will differ materially from such predictions. For a nonexclusive list of major factors which could cause the actual results to differ materially from the predicted results in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and in our subsequent periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K.

PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Pursuant to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Bylaws, the Board is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, each serving staggered, three-year terms. Each Class II director has a term that expires at this Annual Meeting, each Class III director has a term that expires at the Company’s 2027 annual meeting of stockholders and each Class I director has a term that expires at the Company’s 2028 annual meeting of stockholders, or in each case until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal. Each class consists, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors. Vacancies on the Board may be filled only by persons elected by a majority of the remaining directors. A director elected by the Board to fill a vacancy in a class, including vacancies created by an increase in the number of directors, shall serve for the remainder of the full term of that class and until the director’s successor is duly elected and qualified.

The Board presently has eight members. Action will be taken at the Annual Meeting for the election of two Class II directors. There are three Class II directors whose term of office expire at the Annual Meeting: Albert Luderer, Ph.D., Kristiina Vuori, M.D., Ph.D., and Hannah Mamuszka. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”) has decided to recommend for nomination to the Board only Dr. Luderer and Dr. Vuori. Accordingly, the Board has taken action to reduce the size of the Board from eight members to seven members, effective immediately following the Annual Meeting. Proxies may not be voted for a greater number of persons than the number of nominees named in this proxy statement. If elected at the Annual Meeting, each of these nominees would serve until the 2029 annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified, or, if sooner, until the director’s death, resignation or removal.

If any nominee becomes unavailable for election as a result of an unexpected occurrence, shares that would have been voted for that nominee may instead be voted for the election of a substitute nominee proposed by the Company. Each of Dr. Luderer and Dr. Vuori has agreed to serve if elected. The Company’s management has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable to serve.

NOMINEES

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seeks to assemble a board that, as a whole, possesses the appropriate balance of professional and industry knowledge, financial expertise and high-level management experience necessary to oversee and direct the Company’s business. To that end, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has identified and evaluated nominees in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition, with the goal of nominating members who complement and strengthen the skills of other members and who also exhibit integrity, collegiality, sound business judgment and other qualities that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee views as critical to the effective functioning of the Board. To provide a mix of experience and perspective on the Board, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also seeks to attain diversity and balance among directors of thought, viewpoints, and backgrounds. The brief biographies below include information, as of the date of this proxy statement, regarding the specific and particular experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each director or nominee that led the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to recommend that such nominee should continue to serve on the Board. However, each of the members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may have a variety of reasons why he or she believes a particular person would be an appropriate nominee for the Board, and these views may differ from the views of other members.

The following table sets forth the name of each Class II director nominee and each of our other directors who will continue in office after the Annual Meeting, their ages and position/office held with us as of the date of this proxy statement:

Set forth below is biographical information for the nominees and each person whose term of office as a director will continue after the Annual Meeting. This includes information regarding each director’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led our Board to recommend them for board service.

CLASS II DIRECTOR NOMINEES FOR ELECTION FOR A THREE-YEAR TERM EXPIRING AT THE 2029 ANNUAL MEETING

Albert Luderer, Ph.D. Dr. Luderer has served on our Board since October 2011 and has served as Chairman of our Board since June 2024. Since September 2013, Dr. Luderer has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Indi Molecular, Inc., a private synthetic antibody technology company. He has also served as the Executive Chairman of the board of directors of Prostate Management Diagnostics Inc., a non-profit cancer research company, since January 2016, and as the Chairman of the board of directors and member of the compensation committee of AllerGenis, LLC, a private diagnostic company, from September 2021 through May 2025. Dr. Luderer previously served as the Chief Executive Officer of Integrated Diagnostics, Inc., a private molecular diagnostics company, from March 2010 to June 2018, when it was sold to Biodesix, Inc. Dr. Luderer has over 50 years of experience in executive leadership roles in the areas of technology development, operations and business development. Dr. Luderer received his B.A. in Zoology from Drew University and his M.S. in Immunochemistry and Ph.D. in Immunogenetics from Rutgers University.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Luderer’s experience in the biotechnology sector, with special focuses on technology, business development and commercialization, qualifies him to serve as a member of our Board.

Kristiina Vuori, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Vuori has served on our Board since May 2019. She is President and CEO and member of the board of directors of Sanford Laboratories for Innovative Medicines (“Sanford Labs”) since January 2023. Sanford Labs is an independent, not-for-profit biomedical research institution with a mission to discover and deliver the next-generation of molecular medicines. Sanford Labs’ first initiative focuses on RNA therapeutics, a rapidly expanding class of drugs with the potential to transform care for previously intractable diseases. Since January 1995, Dr. Vuori has also served as Professor, and since January 2010 as Pauline and Stanley Foster Distinguished Chair, at the National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center of Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (“SBP”), a non-profit research organization with programs in cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and infectious, inflammatory, and childhood diseases. She also holds Pauline and Stanley Foster Distinguished Chair at SBP since January 2010. In addition, Dr. Vuori served as President and member of the board of directors

of SBP from January 2010 to June 2022, and as SBP’s interim CEO from January 2013 to September 2014, and from September 2017 to June 2020. She served as SBP’s EVP for Scientific Affairs in 2008-2010, as Director of the Cancer Center in 2005-2013, and as Deputy Director of the Cancer Center in 2003-2005. Dr. Vuori has also served as a member of the board of directors of Inhibrx, Inc., a public biotechnology company, since October 2021, where she presently serves on the audit committee and of Forian, Inc., a public health data analytics company, since March 2021, where she presently serves on the audit committee. In addition, Dr. Vuori served on the board of directors of Sio Gene Therapies, Inc. from October 2020 to April 2023, WebMD from July 2014 to September 2017 (when it was acquired by KKR & Co. Inc.) and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, a governmental research institute, from January 2011 to December 2022. Dr. Vuori earned her M.D. and Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Vuori’s experience in biomedical research and as an educator of research scientists, her experience managing a large non-profit research organization, and her various leadership roles qualify her to serve on our Board.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS

A VOTE “FOR” EACH NAMED NOMINEE FOR PROPOSAL 1.

CLASS III DIRECTORS CONTINUING IN OFFICE UNTIL THE 2027 ANNUAL MEETING

Christopher J. Twomey. Mr. Twomey has served on our Board since July 2018. Since August 2013, Mr. Twomey has served as a director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., a public medical device company. From March 1990 to June 2007, Mr. Twomey served in various roles, including as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, at Biosite Incorporated, a medical diagnostics company. From October 1981 to March 1990, Mr. Twomey served as an audit manager for Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. Twomey served as a director of Senomyx, Inc., a taste technologies company, from March 2006 to November 2018 (when it was acquired by Firmenich SA). From July 2006 to March 2014, Mr. Twomey also served as a director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company that was acquired by Mallinckrodt plc in 2014. Mr. Twomey received his B.A. in Business Economics from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Mr. Twomey’s substantial leadership skills and expertise in accounting and financial reporting qualifies him to serve as a member of our Board, and that such skills are especially valuable in his role as Chairman of our Audit Committee.

Yvonne Linney, Ph.D. Dr. Linney has served on our Board since May 2020. Since January 2019, Dr. Linney has served as Principal at Linney BioConsulting, a private strategy development firm in the life science industry. Dr. Linney served as a member of the board of Sengenics Corporation, a private company developing tools for immunoprofiling for biodiscovery from January 2023 to December 2024 (when it was acquired by Standard BioTools, Inc.). From January 2021 to September 2022, Dr. Linney served as Chief Operating Officer and member of the board of directors of Artificial, Inc., a private company developing laboratory automation optimization software, where she also served as a strategic advisor from September 2020 to January 2021. Dr. Linney has also served as a strategic advisor at the California Life Sciences Institute, a private life sciences membership organization, since March 2019, as a Boardroom Ready Member at Women in Bio, a private professional organization, since July 2019, and as a strategic advisor at Tag.bio, a private data science platform company, from January 2019 to December 2020. From January 2017 to November 2018, Dr. Linney served as the Chief Executive Officer and from December 2016 to November 2018 a member of the board of directors, of Transcriptic, Inc. (now Strateos, Inc.), a private robotic and cloud laboratory platform company, where she had previously served as Chief Operating Officer since October 2015. In addition, from 2006 to 2015, Dr. Linney served as Executive Vice President and General Manager, Life Science Solutions at Agilent Technologies, Inc., a public life sciences and diagnostics company. Prior to joining Agilent, Dr. Linney served as Director of Molecular Diagnostics and Global Strategic Marketing at Bayer Diagnostics (now part of Siemens Healthcare) from 2005 to 2006 and Senior Director, Marketing and Product Management at Caliper Life Sciences from 2003 to 2005. Dr. Linney also served as Director of Genomics at Amersham International (now GE Healthcare) from1993 to 2003. Dr. Linney holds a B.S. in Microbiology and Virology from Warwick University, UK, and a Ph.D. in Genetics from Leicester University, UK.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Linney’s over 30 years of experience in leadership roles in the life sciences and diagnostics industries qualify her to serve as a member of our Board.

Aleksandar Rajkovic, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Rajkovic has served on our Board since February 2022. Since May 2018, Dr. Rajkovic has served as Chief Genomics Officer and Director of the Genomic Medicine Initiative at University of California San

Francisco (“UCSF”). Dr. Rajkovic also serves as Medical Director and Chief of the Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine for the UCSF Health System, serves as the Stuart Lindsay Distinguished Professor in Experimental Pathology at UCSF, serves on the board of directors for the American College of Medical Genetics Foundation, since April 2020, and on the scientific advisory board of Allelica, a private genomics software company, since February 2022. From July 2009 to May 2018, Dr. Rajkovic served as the Marcus Allen Hogge Chair in Reproductive Sciences and director of reproductive genetics at the Magee-Womens Hospital at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Dr. Rajkovic holds a B.S. in Chemistry from Johns Hopkins University and an M.D. and Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Case Western Reserve University.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Rajkovic’s extensive experience in the clinical application of genetic and genomic testing qualifies him to serve as a member of our Board.

CLASS I DIRECTORS CONTINUING IN OFFICE UNTIL THE 2028 ANNUAL MEETING

R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D. Dr. Holmlin has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board since January 2011, and as our principal financial officer since September 2024. Dr. Holmlin has also served as a member of the board of directors of Innovatus Life Sciences Acquisition Corp, a blank check company seeking to effect a business combination with one or more businesses, since March 2021. From June 2010 to February 2011, Dr. Holmlin served as president and Chief Executive Officer of GenVault Corporation, a private biosample management solutions company. Previously, Dr. Holmlin held positions as an entrepreneur in residence at Domain Associates, LLC, a dedicated life sciences venture capital firm; Chief Commercial Officer of Exiqon A/S, a publicly traded RNA research solutions company; founder and executive at GeneOhm Sciences, Inc., which was acquired by Becton, Dickinson and Company; and a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. Dr. Holmlin received his B.S. in Chemistry from Occidental College, his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology and MBAs from University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Holmlin’s over 20 years of experience in the life sciences and healthcare industries, which includes the areas of technology development, product commercialization and venture financing, and his tenure of over 15 years as our President and Chief Executive Officer, qualifies him to serve on our Board.

David L. Barker, Ph.D. Dr. Barker has served on our Board since May 2010, and as Chairman of our Board from August 2016 to June 2024. Dr. Barker was Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer at Illumina, Inc., from 2000 to 2007, and on the Illumina scientific advisory board from 2000 to 2015. Dr. Barker has served as a member of the board of directors of AmideBio, LLC, a private biotechnology company, since August 2011. He was previously on the Boards of NextBio, acquired by Illumina in 2013, ProteinSimple, acquired by Bio-Techne in 2014, Zephyrus Biosciences, Inc., acquired by Bio-Techne in 2016, IntegenX, acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific in 2018, Integrated Diagnostics, acquired by Biodesix in 2018, Aspen Neuroscience, and Singular Genomics, acquired by Deerfield Management Company in 2024. Dr. Barker served from 1998 to 2000 as Vice President and Chief Science Advisor at Amersham Biosciences, now part of General Electric. From 1988 to 1998, Dr. Barker held senior positions, including Vice President of Research and Business Development, at Molecular Dynamics, Inc., until the acquisition of Molecular Dynamics by Amersham. In his academic career, Dr. Barker conducted interdisciplinary research in neurobiology as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School, Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon, and Associate Professor at Oregon State University. Dr. Barker holds a BS with honors in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology and a PhD in Biochemistry from Brandeis University.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board believe that Dr. Barker’s extensive experience in managing and leading early stage and established companies within the clinical diagnostic and biotechnology industries qualifies him to serve as a member of our Board.

INFORMATION REGARDING

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

DIRECTOR NOMINATION PROCESS AND QUALIFICATIONS

At this time, the Board believes that the classified board structure is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The classified board structure and corresponding three-year terms are intended to ensure that our directors have sufficient institutional knowledge of our business, corporate strategy and corporate objectives while also allowing for corporate continuity and stability of the Board, promoting the balance of long-term and short-term interests of the Company and its stockholders. Our Board believes a three-year term in office also allows our directors to stay focused on long-term value creation. Further, our Board believes that a classified board structure enables us to attract and retain diverse and highly qualified individuals willing to commit the time and dedication necessary to understand our business, its operations and its competitive environment. For example, a substantial amount of diversity on our Board is represented by directors who have joined our Board in the last three years. The structure also safeguards us from third-party takeover attempts, as it will require a longer period to change majority control of the Board.

We believe that an effective board of directors should be made up of individuals who collectively provide an appropriate balance of diverse occupational and personal backgrounds and perspectives and who have a range of skills and expertise sufficient to provide guidance and oversight with respect to the Company’s strategy and operations. Our Board and our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seek individuals with backgrounds and qualities that, when combined with those of our other directors, enhance our Board’s effectiveness and result in the Board having a balance of knowledge, experience, and capability. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers candidates who are recommended by its members, by other Board members, by stockholders, and by management, as well as those identified by third-party search firms retained to assist in identifying and evaluating possible candidates.

In assessing potential candidates, our Board and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider, among other factors, whether the candidate possesses relevant expertise to offer advice and guidance to management, has sufficient time to devote to the affairs of the Company, demonstrates excellence in the candidate’s field, has the ability to exercise sound business judgment and is committed to representing the long-term interests of the Company’s stockholders.

INDEPENDENCE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Under the listing requirements and rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), independent directors must comprise a majority of our Board. In addition, the rules of Nasdaq require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the rules of Nasdaq, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Compensation Committee members must not have a relationship with us that is material to the director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a Compensation Committee member. Additionally, Audit Committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. To be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee of the board of directors or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

Our Board has undertaken a review of the independence of the directors and considered whether any director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning such director’s background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board determined that each of Dr. Barker, Dr. Luderer, Dr. Vuori, Mr. Twomey, Dr. Linney and Dr. Rajkovic, representing six of our seven directors, are “independent directors” as defined under current rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of Nasdaq. The Board also determined that Hannah Mamuszka, who has not been nominated for re-election this year, was “independent” during the period she served on the Board during 2025. In making these determinations, our Board considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our Company and all other facts and circumstances that our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence.

BOARD DIVERSITY

While we do not have a formal diversity policy in place, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers the composition of the Board overall with respect to backgrounds and experiences. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is committed to actively seeking out and will instruct any search firm it engages to identify individuals who will contribute to the overall experience of the Board to be included in the pool of candidates from which nominees to the Board are selected.

Our Board monitors the mix of skills and experience of its directors to help ensure it has the necessary tools to perform its oversight function effectively. The Board fully appreciates the value of a variety of viewpoints, background and experiences as important to the selection of directors to enhance the Board’s cognitive skills and quality of dialogue in the Boardroom.

We believe that our current directors possess varied professional experiences, skills and backgrounds, in addition to, among other characteristics, high standards of personal and professional ethics and valuable knowledge of our business and our industry.

BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE

The Board does not have a formal policy regarding the separation of the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, as the Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to make that determination based on the direction of the Company and the current membership of the Board. The Company’s Bylaws provide that if the Chairman of the Board is not an independent director, the Board may designate one of the independent directors to serve as lead independent director. Pursuant to the Bylaws, if a lead independent director is designated, the lead independent director’s responsibilities would include: (i) establishing the agenda for and presiding over meetings of the independent directors; (ii) presiding over any portions of meetings of the Board at which the evaluation or compensation of the Chief Executive Officer is presented or discussed; (iii) presiding over any portions of meetings of the Board at which the performance of the Board is presented or discussed; and (iv) performing such other duties as may be established or delegated by the Board. If the Chairman of the Board is an independent director, then the foregoing responsibilities will be handled by the Chairman.

Our current Board leadership structure separates the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Dr. Holmlin has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board since January 2011, and Dr. Luderer was appointed to serve as Chairman of the Board, effective as of the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting, June 18, 2024. Our Chairman is an independent member of the Board and has authority, among other things, to call and preside over Board meetings, including meetings of the independent directors, to set meeting agendas and to determine materials to be distributed to the Board. Accordingly, the Chairman has substantial ability to shape the work of the Board. At this time, we believe that separation of the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer reinforces the independence of the Board in its oversight of our business and affairs. In addition, we have a separate chairperson for each committee of the Board. The chairperson of each committee is expected to report annually to our Board on the activities of their committee in fulfilling their responsibilities as detailed in their respective charters or specify any shortcomings should that be the case. In addition, we believe that having an independent Chairman creates an environment that is more conducive to objective evaluation and oversight of management’s performance, increasing management accountability and improving the ability of the Board to monitor whether management’s actions are in the best interests of us and our stockholders. The Board believes that this is the most appropriate structure at this time but will make future determinations regarding whether or not to separate the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer based on then-current circumstances.

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER SUCCESSION AND BOARD REFRESHMENT

Under its charter, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending to the Board changes as needed to the Company’s corporate governance principles, including items such as management succession, policies and principles for management selection and performance review, policies regarding succession in the event of an emergency or departure of our Chief Executive Officer, and Board diversity, tenure and refreshment. Our Board has adopted an emergency succession plan in the event of the sudden departure of our Chief Executive Officer, which is reviewed by our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and our management annually. Our corporate governance principles provide, among other things, that our Compensation Committee is to conduct an annual review of the performance of our Chief Executive Officer. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board seek to achieve a balance of Board director tenures in order to benefit from long-tenured directors’ institutional knowledge and newly elected directors’ fresh perspective and, towards this goal, monitors director tenure carefully. The Board believes an effective refreshment program must be continuous and ongoing as discussed below in “Information Regarding Committees of the Board of Directors—Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.”

ROLE OF THE BOARD IN RISK OVERSIGHT

Risk is inherent with every business, and we face a number of risks, including strategic, financial, business and operational, legal and compliance, cybersecurity and reputational. One of the key functions of our Board is informed oversight of our risk management process. Our Board does not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through the Board as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the Board that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, our Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, including a determination of the nature and level of risk appropriate for the Company. Our Audit Committee has the responsibility to consider and discuss our major risks including financial risk exposures and cybersecurity risks and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. The Audit Committee also monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, in addition to oversight of the performance of our internal audit function. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee monitors the effectiveness of our corporate governance guidelines, including whether they are successful in preventing illegal or improper liability-creating conduct. Our Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking. It is the responsibility of the committee chairpersons to report findings regarding material risk exposures to the Board as quickly as possible. The Chairman coordinates between the Board and management with regard to the determination and implementation of responses to any problematic risk management issues.

MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The Board met five times during the last fiscal year. Each Board member attended 75% or more of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and the committees on which he or she served, that were held in 2025 during the period in which he or she served on our Board or their respective committees of our Board.

As required under the Nasdaq listing standards, in 2025, our independent directors met regularly in scheduled executive sessions at which only independent directors were present.

We encourage, but do not require, our directors to attend each annual meeting of stockholders. Three of the directors attended the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders.

INFORMATION REGARDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The Board has four standing committees: an Audit Committee; a Compensation Committee; a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; and a Science and Technology Committee. The following table provides membership and meeting information for fiscal year 2025 for each of these committees of the Board:

* Committee Chairperson

** Dr. Vuori was appointed to the Audit Committee and was not re-appointed to the Compensation Committee as of June 10, 2025

*** Dr. Luderer was appointed to the Compensation Committee as of June 10, 2025

Below is a description of each committee of the Board.

Each of the committees has authority to engage legal counsel or other experts or consultants, as it deems appropriate to carry out its responsibilities. The Board has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable Nasdaq rules and regulations regarding “independence,” and each member is free of any relationship that would impair his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to the Company.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee was established by the Board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act to oversee the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs several functions. The primary purpose of the Audit Committee is to discharge certain responsibilities of the Board with respect to the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control over financial reporting and financial-statement audits, as well as overseeing the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Specific responsibilities of the Audit Committee include, among other things:

The Audit Committee is currently composed of three directors: Mr. Twomey, Dr. Luderer and Dr. Vuori. The Board has adopted a written Audit Committee charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s investor relations website at ir.bionano.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement or the Annual Report.

The Board reviews the Nasdaq listing standards definition of independence for Audit Committee members on an annual basis and has determined that all members of the Company’s Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)(i) and (ii) of the Nasdaq listing standards and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act).

Each member of the Audit Committee can read and understand fundamental financial statements in accordance with applicable requirements. In arriving at these determinations, the Board has examined each Audit Committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their employment in the corporate finance sector.

The chairperson of the Audit Committee is Mr. Twomey, who the Board has determined qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules. The Board made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Twomey’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his formal education, prior experience, business acumen and independence. In addition to the Company’s Audit Committee, Mr. Twomey also serves on the Audit Committee of Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. The Board has determined that this simultaneous service does not impair Mr. Twomey’s ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee.

Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors*

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 with management of the Company. The Audit Committee has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC. The Audit Committee has also received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent registered public accounting firm required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent registered accounting firm’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the accounting firm’s independence. Based on the foregoing, the Audit Committee has recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Mr. Twomey, Chair

Dr. Luderer

Dr. Vuori

* The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is currently composed of three directors: Dr. Barker, Dr. Luderer and Ms. Mamuszka. Dr. Barker serves as the chairperson of the Compensation Committee. The Board has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee is independent as defined in Rule 5605(d)(2) of the Nasdaq listing standards and a “non-employee director” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Board has adopted a written Compensation Committee charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s investor relations website at ir.bionano.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement or the Annual Report.

The Compensation Committee acts on behalf of the Board to review, adopt or recommend to the Board for adoption and oversee the Company’s compensation strategy, policies, plans and programs and to review and determine the compensation to be paid to our executive officers, directors and other senior management, as appropriate. Specific responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include, among other things:

Compensation Committee Processes and Procedures

Typically, the Compensation Committee meets at least twice per year and with greater frequency if necessary. The agenda for each meeting is usually developed by the chairperson of the Compensation Committee, in consultation with management. The Compensation Committee meets regularly in executive session. However, from time to time, various members of management and other employees as well as outside advisors or consultants may be invited by the Compensation Committee to make presentations, to provide financial or other background information or advice or to otherwise participate in Compensation Committee meetings. The Chief Executive Officer does not participate in and is not present during any deliberations or determinations of the Compensation Committee regarding his compensation or individual performance objectives. The charter of the Compensation Committee grants the Compensation Committee full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the Company. In addition, under its charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority to obtain, at the expense of the Company, advice and assistance from compensation consultants and internal and external legal, accounting or other advisors and other external resources that the Compensation Committee considers necessary or appropriate in the performance of its duties. The Compensation Committee has direct responsibility for the oversight of the work of any consultants or advisers engaged for the purpose of advising the Compensation Committee. In particular, the Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain, in its sole discretion, compensation consultants to assist in its evaluation of executive and director compensation, including the authority to approve the consultant’s reasonable fees and other retention terms. Under its charter, to the extent required by the SEC and Nasdaq rules, the Compensation Committee may select, or receive advice from, a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser to the Compensation Committee, other than in-house legal counsel and certain other types of advisers, only after taking into consideration six factors, prescribed by the SEC and Nasdaq, that bear upon the adviser’s independence; however, there is no requirement that any adviser be independent.

The Compensation Committee retains an independent executive compensation consultant to assist in evaluating our compensation programs. Pearl Meyer serves as our independent compensation consultant. Our Compensation Committee selected Pearl Meyer based on its general reputation in the industry and experience providing similar services to companies similar to Bionano. The Compensation Committee requested that Pearl Meyer, with respect to our 2025 compensation program:

Under its charter, our Compensation Committee may form, and delegate authority to, subcommittees as appropriate. Our Compensation Committee approved the formation of an equity incentive subcommittee of the Compensation Committee, currently composed of R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D., our Chief Executive Officer, to which authority has been delegated to grant, without any further action required by the Compensation Committee, stock options and time-based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards to employees who are not our officers, within specified limits approved by our Compensation Committee. The purpose of this delegation of authority is to enhance the flexibility of equity award administration and to facilitate the timely grant of equity awards to non-management employees, particularly new employees, within specified limits approved by our Compensation Committee. In particular, the subcommittee may grant options or RSU awards only within pre-approved guidelines. Typically, as

part of its oversight function, our Compensation Committee reviews on a regular basis the list of grants made by the subcommittee. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the subcommittee exercised its authority to grant equity awards covering a total of 89,191 shares, all to non-officer employees.

The Compensation Committee holds one or more meetings during the first quarter of the year to discuss annual compensation adjustments, annual bonuses, annual equity awards, retention equity awards, and current year corporate performance objectives. However, the Compensation Committee also considers matters related to individual compensation, such as compensation for new executive hires, as well as high-level strategic issues, such as the efficacy of the Company’s compensation strategy, potential modifications to that strategy and new trends, plans or approaches to compensation, at various meetings throughout the year. Generally, the Compensation Committee’s process comprises two related elements: the determination of compensation levels and the establishment of performance objectives for the current year. For executives other than the Chief Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee solicits and considers evaluations and recommendations submitted to the Compensation Committee by the Chief Executive Officer. In the case of the Chief Executive Officer, the evaluation of his performance is conducted by the Compensation Committee, which determines any adjustments to his compensation as well as equity awards to be granted. For all executives and directors as part of its deliberations, the Compensation Committee may review and consider, as appropriate, materials such as financial reports and projections, operational data, executive and director stock ownership information, company stock performance data, analyses of historical executive compensation levels and current Company-wide compensation levels, compensation data from comparative companies, compensation surveys, and recommendations of any compensation consultant, if applicable.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for identifying, reviewing and evaluating candidates to serve as directors of the Company (consistent with criteria approved by the Board), reviewing and evaluating incumbent directors, making recommendations to the Board regarding the membership of the committees of the Board, assessing the performance of the Board, and developing a set of corporate governance principles for the Company.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is currently composed of three directors: Dr. Luderer, Dr. Vuori and Dr. Linney. Dr. Luderer serves as the chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is independent as defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq listing standards, a non-employee director and free from any relationship that would interfere with the exercise of his independent judgment. The Board has adopted a written Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s investor relations website at ir.bionano.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement or the Annual Report.

The responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee include, among other things:

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that candidates for director should have certain minimum qualifications, including the ability to read and understand basic financial statements, being over 21 years of age and having the highest personal integrity and ethics. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also intends to consider such factors as possessing relevant expertise upon which to be able to offer advice and guidance to management, having sufficient time to devote to the affairs of the Company, demonstrated excellence in his or her field, having the ability to exercise sound business judgment and having the commitment to rigorously represent the long-term interests of the Company’s stockholders. However, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee retains the right to modify these qualifications from time to time. Candidates for director nominees are reviewed in the context of the current composition of the Board, the operating requirements of the Company and the long-term interests of stockholders. In conducting this assessment, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee typically considers diversity of experience, knowledge, and skills and such other factors as it deems

appropriate, given the current needs of the Board and the Company, to maintain a balance of knowledge, experience and capability.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee appreciates the value of thoughtful Board refreshment, and regularly identifies and considers qualities, skills and other director attributes that would enhance the composition of the Board. In the case of incumbent directors whose terms of office are set to expire, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviews these directors’ overall service to the Company during their terms, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance and any other relationships and transactions that might impair the directors’ independence. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also takes into account the results of the Board’s self-evaluation, conducted annually on a group and individual basis. In the case of new director candidates, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also determines whether the nominee is independent for Nasdaq purposes, which determination is based upon applicable Nasdaq listing standards, applicable SEC rules and regulations and the advice of counsel, if necessary. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee then uses its network of contacts to compile a list of potential candidates, but may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conducts any appropriate and necessary inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of possible candidates after considering the function and needs of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets to discuss and consider the candidates’ qualifications and then selects candidates for recommendation to the Board by majority vote.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not have a formal policy regarding board diversity. Diversity is one of a number of factors, however, that the committee takes into account in identifying nominees, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that it is essential that the board members represent diverse viewpoints. To accomplish the Board’s diversity objectives, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may retain an executive search firm to help identify potential directors that meet these objectives.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not intend to alter the manner in which it evaluates candidates, including the minimum criteria set forth above, based on whether or not the candidate was recommended by a stockholder. Stockholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to become nominees for election to the Board may do so by delivering a written recommendation to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee at the following address: Secretary of Bionano Genomics, Inc., 9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, no later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. Submissions must satisfy the notification, timeliness, consent and information requirements set forth in our bylaws. See “Questions and Answers about Proxy Materials and Voting – When are stockholder proposals and director nominations due for next year’s Annual Meeting?”.

Science and Technology Committee

The Science and Technology Committee of the Board is responsible for overseeing matters relating to our scientific and technologic capabilities and development programs and monitoring and evaluating significant emerging trends and issues in science and technology relevant to us. The Science and Technology Committee is currently composed of five directors: Dr. Barker, Dr. Luderer, Dr. Vuori, Dr. Linney, and Dr. Rajkovic. Dr. Barker serves as the chairperson of the Science and Technology Committee.

The responsibilities of the Science and Technology Committee include, among other things:

BOARD AND COMMITTEE SELF-ASSESSMENTS

On an annual basis, the Board, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conduct self-assessments to ensure effective performance and to identify opportunities for improvement. As part of the self-assessment process, directors respond to a comprehensive questionnaire that asks them to consider various topics related to board and committee composition, structure, effectiveness, and responsibilities. Each committee, as well as the Board as a whole, then reviews and assesses the responses from this assessment and any recommendations to the Board. The results of the assessments are then discussed by the Board with a view toward taking action to address any issues presented.

BOARD’S OVERSIGHT OF STRATEGY

Our Board is deeply engaged and involved in overseeing our long-range strategy, including evaluating key market opportunities, customer and supplier trends, and competitive developments. This also includes aspects of our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) initiatives that relate to our strategy. Our Board’s oversight of risk is another integral component of the Board’s oversight and engagement on strategic matters. Strategy-related matters are regularly discussed at board meetings and, when relevant, at Committee meetings. We also dedicate at least one board meeting every year to an even more intensive review and discussion of our strategic plan. Matters of strategy also inform committee-level discussions of many issues, including enterprise risk. Engagement of the Board on these issues and other matters of strategic importance continues in between meetings, including through updates to the Board on significant items and discussions between the Chief Executive Officer and our Chairman on a periodic basis. Each director is expected to and does bring to bear their own talents, insights, and experiences to these strategy discussions.

CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PRIVACY OVERSIGHT

Our Board addresses our cybersecurity risk management as part of its general oversight function. The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity risk management processes, including oversight of mitigation of risks from cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes are implemented and maintained by certain Company management, including our Principal Financial Officer who serves as our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”). Our CISO relies on both internal and external cybersecurity resources to manage overall cybersecurity risks. Our cybersecurity incident response plan is designed to escalate certain cybersecurity incidents to members of management depending on the circumstances, including IT security leadership, the Principal Financial Officer, Chief Executive Officer, General Counsel (“GC”) and third-party consultants as needed. IT security leadership, the Principal Financial Officer, Chief Executive Officer, and GC work with our incident response team to help the Company mitigate and remediate cybersecurity incidents of which they are notified. In addition, our incident response plan includes reporting to the Audit Committee for certain cybersecurity incidents. The Audit Committee receives periodic reports concerning the Company’s significant cybersecurity threats and risk and the processes the Company has implemented to address them. The Audit Committee also receives various reports, summaries or presentations related to cybersecurity threats, risk and mitigation.

MANAGEMENT AND BOARD ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) OVERSIGHT

We are focused on elevating the health and wellness of all people through our products and services, as well as our ESG initiatives. We believe that ESG practices and sustainable long-term value creation for our stockholders are intertwined, and have committed to advancing an ESG framework that aligns with our culture and what we believe creates value for our investors. Our executive leadership team, comprised of our CEO and executives from across the company, oversee our efforts to integrate sustainability and corporate responsibility into our strategic planning, risk management, and reporting. Day-to-day responsibility for our ESG program resides with a cross-functional representation of leaders who meet regularly to review progress and provide recommendations to the executive team.

STOCKHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE BOARD

We consider our relationships with our stockholders to be a high priority. We recognize that stockholders can have divergent interests and different views on our practices, objectives and time horizons. To ensure that the Board and management have an opportunity to listen to and understand the varying perspectives of our stockholders, we engage in ongoing dialogues with stockholders through our stockholder engagement efforts. In 2025, members of management engaged in dialogue with various investors to better understand the views and concerns of stockholders. In our discussions with stockholders, we typically discuss topics including corporate governance, executive compensation, business strategy and environmental and other issues related to corporate social responsibility. As a result of these discussions, we continue to gain understanding and insight into the views of stockholders.

COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE BOARD

The Board has adopted a formal process by which stockholders may communicate with the Board or any of its directors. Stockholders who wish to communicate with the Board may do so by sending written communications addressed to: Secretary of Bionano Genomics, Inc., 9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121. These communications will be reviewed by the Secretary of Bionano, who will determine whether the communication is appropriate for presentation to the Board or the relevant director. The purpose of this screening is to allow the Board to avoid having to consider irrelevant or inappropriate communications (such as advertisements, solicitations and hostile communications). The screening procedures have been approved by a majority of the independent directors. All communications directed to the Audit Committee in accordance with our Open Door Policy for Reporting Complaints Regarding Accounting and Auditing Matters that relate to questionable accounting or auditing matters will be promptly and directly forwarded to the Audit Committee.

CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors. This includes our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Company’s investor relations website at ir.bionano.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement or the Annual Report. If we ever were to amend or waive any provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or any person performing similar functions, we intend to satisfy our disclosure obligations, if any, with respect to any such waiver or amendment by posting such information on our website set forth above rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.

INSIDER TRADING POLICY

We have adopted an Insider Trading and Window Period Policy (the “Insider Trading Policy”) governing the purchase, sale, and/or other dispositions of the Company’s securities by directors, officers and employees that is designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as procedures designed to further the foregoing purposes. Pursuant to our Insider Trading Policy, it is the Company’s policy to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to insider trading when engaging in transactions in the Company’s securities. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy was filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

HEDGING AND PLEDGING POLICY

As part of our Insider Trading Policy, no officer, director, other employee or consultant may engage in short sales, transactions in put or call options, hedging transactions or other inherently speculative transactions with respect to our common stock at any time. In addition, no officer, director, other employee or consultant may margin, or make any offer to margin, any of our common stock, including without limitation, borrowing against such stock, at any time or pledge our stock as collateral for a loan.

PROPOSAL 2: ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

At the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the stockholders indicated their preference that we solicit a non-binding advisory vote on the compensation of the named executive officers, commonly referred to as a “say-on-pay vote,” every year. The Board has adopted a policy that is consistent with that preference. In accordance with that policy, this year, we are again asking our stockholders to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement in accordance with SEC rules.

This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices described in this proxy statement. The compensation of our named executive officers subject to the vote is disclosed in the compensation tables and the related narrative disclosure contained in this proxy statement. As discussed in those disclosures, we believe that our compensation policies and decisions are consistent with current market practices. Compensation of our named executive officers is designed to enable us to attract and retain talented and experienced executives to lead us successfully in a competitive environment. Please also refer to “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Stockholder Engagement and Communications with the Board of Directors” for a discussion of our engagement with stockholders following last year’s vote by our stockholders regarding the compensation of our named executive officers.

Accordingly, the Board is asking the stockholders to indicate their support for the compensation of our named executive officers as described in this proxy statement by casting a non-binding advisory vote “For” the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to Bionano’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the compensation tables and any related material disclosed in this proxy statement, is hereby APPROVED.”

Because the vote is advisory, it is not binding on the Board or us. Nevertheless, the views expressed by our stockholders, whether through this vote or otherwise, are important to management and the Board and, accordingly, the Board and the Compensation Committee intend to consider the results of this vote in making determinations in the future regarding executive compensation arrangements.

Unless the Board decides to modify its policy regarding the frequency of soliciting advisory votes on the compensation of our named executives, the next scheduled say-on-pay vote will be at the 2027 annual meeting of stockholders. We anticipate that our next advisory vote on the preferred frequency of stockholder advisory votes on the compensation of our named executive officers will occur at the 2028 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in accordance with Section 14A of the Exchange Act, unless the Board determines to hold such advisory vote at an earlier meeting.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS

A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL 2.

PROPOSAL 3: RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Audit Committee has selected BDO USA, P.C. to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026, and our Board has further directed that management submit the Audit Committee’s selection of BDO USA, P.C. as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for ratification by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting. Representatives of BDO USA, P.C. are expected to be present by virtual attendance at the Annual Meeting. They will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Neither the Company’s Bylaws nor other governing documents or law require stockholder ratification of the selection of BDO USA, P.C. as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. However, the Audit Committee is submitting the selection of BDO USA, P.C. to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If the stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee will reconsider whether or not to retain that firm. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee in its discretion may direct the appointment of different independent auditors at any time during the year if they determine that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table summarizes the aggregate fees billed to the Company by BDO USA, P.C., the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

In considering the nature of the services provided by BDO USA, P.C., the Audit Committee determined that such services were compatible with the provision of independent audit services.

The Audit Committee discussed these services with BDO USA, P.C. and management to determine that they were permitted under the rules and regulations concerning auditor independence promulgated by the SEC to implement the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The Audit Committee required that all services performed by BDO USA, P.C. be pre-approved prior to the services being performed. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, all services by BDO USA, P.C., respectively, were pre-approved in accordance with these procedures, and the Audit Committee continues to require that all services performed by BDO USA, P.C. be pre-approved in accordance with these procedures prior to the services being performed.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS

A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL 3.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth information concerning our executive officers as of the date of this proxy statement:

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS WHO ARE NOT DIRECTORS

The following sets forth certain information with respect to our executive officers who are not directors:

Mark Oldakowski. Mr. Oldakowski has served as our Chief Operating Officer since November 2017 and previously served as our Vice President, Product Development and Operations since October 2014. Mr. Oldakowski previously served as the Senior Director of Engineering and Chief Product Officer at Brooks Life Science Systems (currently Azenta Life Sciences), a private automation and cryogenic solutions company, from December 2011 to August 2014, and as a Director of Engineering at Affymetrix, Inc. (now Applied Biosystems), a private life science systems company, from April 2009 to October 2011. From December 2007 to April 2009, Mr. Oldakowski served as a Senior Manager and Core Team Leader of R&D for Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, and for the prior 13 years, he developed sequencing and real-time PCR systems at Applied Biosystems, now a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific. Mr. Oldakowski received both his B.S. in Electrical Engineering and his M.S. in Computer and Systems Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Alka Chaubey, Ph.D., FACMG. Dr. Chaubey has served as our Chief Medical Officer since August 2020. Dr. Chaubey has also served on the board of directors of the Cancer Genomics Consortium, a nonprofit organization focusing on clinical cancer genomics, since August 2016, as a member of the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee of the American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics, since March 2021, and as the Genetics Subdivision Nominating Committee representative of the Association for Molecular Pathology, a nonprofit organization focusing on molecular diagnostics, until July 2021. Dr. Chaubey served as the Head of Cytogenomics at PerkinElmer Genomics, a subsidiary of the public company PerkinElmer, Inc. focused on genetic and genomic testing, from May 2018 to August 2020, where she led the successful development and launch of several innovative products including the CNGnome test (low-pass whole genome sequencing), and a new FSHD assay utilizing Saphyr. She has also played an integral role on Vanadis team at PerkinElmer in their efforts to bring a new PCR-free NIPT technology to the market. Prior to PerkinElmer Genomics, Dr. Chaubey was the Director of the Cytogenomics Laboratory at the Greenwood Genetic Center, a nonprofit genetic diagnostic institute, from August 2013 to August 2020, where she also served as an Assistant Director from August 2010 to August 2013. Dr. Chaubey also holds an academic appointment as the Scientific Director of the Georgia Esoteric and Molecular Laboratory, Scientific Director of the Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Augusta University Medical Center and Adjunct Assistant professor of Pathology of the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University. Dr. Chaubey received her Ph.D. from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India and completed her post-doctoral studies at Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India, and University of Illinois at Chicago.

Jonathan Dixon, J.D. Mr. Dixon has served as our General Counsel since March 2023 and Secretary since November 2023, and as our Global Head of Legal from March 2022 to March 2023. From March 2015 to March 2022 Mr. Dixon served as Associate General Counsel, IP, at Becton, Dickinson and Company. Prior to this, Mr. Dixon served as Assistant General Counsel at CareFusion from June 2013 to March 2015. From March 2006 to June 2013, he served as Senior Intellectual Property Counsel at Becton, Dickinson and Company. From June 2003 to March 2006, Mr. Dixon served as Director, Legal Affairs at GeneOhm Sciences, Inc. Prior to this he served at the National Institutes of Health as Technology Transfer Officer from June 2001 to June 2003. Mr. Dixon received his B.S. in both Microbiology and Economics from Brigham Young University and received his J.D. from Lewis and Clark College.

Mark Adamchak. Mr. Adamchak has served as our VP, Accounting since October 2021 and our Controller since June 2018. Mr. Adamchak led the accounting function through the company’s IPO in August 2018. Prior to joining Bionano, Mr. Adamchak held financial leadership roles at SAIC, Intuit, and Pathway Genomics, a private life sciences company. He began his career as an auditor at KPMG. Mr. Adamchak is a licensed CPA and received a B.B.A in Accounting from James Madison University.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF

CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of March 19, 2026 by:

The following table is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and principal stockholders and Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated in a footnote to this table and subject to community property laws where applicable, the Company believes that each of the stockholders named in this table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated as beneficially owned.

Applicable percentages are based on 11,091,615 shares of our common stock outstanding on March 19, 2026, adjusted as required by rules promulgated by the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for the following stockholders is care of: Bionano Genomics, Inc., 9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121.

* Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.

EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2025, consisting of our principal executive officer and our next two most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2025, were:

The following section provides an overview of the 2025 executive compensation decisions for our named executive officers.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents all of the compensation awarded to or earned by or paid to our named executive officers during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Compensation Program Overview

Our compensation program for executive officers is designed to encourage our management team to achieve our short-term and long-term corporate objectives while effectively managing business risks and challenges. We provide what we believe is a competitive total compensation package to our management team through a combination of base salary, an annual performance-based bonus opportunity and long-term equity-based incentives. The compensation of our named executive officers, including our chief executive officer, is generally determined and approved by the Compensation Committee of our Board. In setting the total compensation of our executives, the Compensation Committee considers the 50th percentile compared to our peer group as a reasonable reference point. Historically, the total compensation of our executive officers has been below the 50th percentile; however, over a period of several years, the Compensation Committee increased the total compensation of our executive officers, in part, to align more closely to the 50th percentile compared to our peer group. The Compensation Committee intends to continue to evaluate the total compensation of our executive officers with reference to the 50th percentile of our peer group. Further, in an effort to align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders, our Compensation Committee puts emphasis on the executive officer’s performance-based bonus opportunity compared to base salary in setting total target cash compensation for each executive officer. Please refer to “—Annual Base Salary” and “—Performance Based Bonus Opportunity” below.

The views of our stockholders are important to us. At our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders, our say-on-pay vote on the compensation of our named executive officers received the support of approximately 53.3% of the votes cast for or against the

advisory approval. While a majority of votes cast approved the proposal, the Compensation Committee recognizes that significant percentage of stockholder votes cast did not approve the proposal. The Compensation Committee considers the outcome of these voting decisions and feedback received from stockholders when considering future compensation decisions. Stockholders have the opportunity to participate annually in a say-on-pay vote during each Annual Meeting. We value the opinions of our stockholders.

We continue to evaluate our executive compensation program and solicit input from our investors. In addition to the stockholder engagement discussed above in “Stockholder Engagement and Communications with the Board,” our investor relations consultants reached out to investors with an invitation to specifically discuss our pay practices. We believe it is in the interest of our stockholders for us to provide disclosures regarding our peer group; our compensation compared to our peer group; and a clear rationale in the event we provide one-off or off-cycle incentive opportunities to our named executive officers. We will continue to engage in ongoing dialogues with our stockholders and to evaluate and adjust the compensation practices as part of our annual compensation cycle as we seek to better align our compensation practices with our peer group.

In making 2025 pay decisions, the Compensation Committee used the same peer group established in August of 2024. In general, the Company’s peer group includes publicly traded tools and services companies in the life sciences sector that meet the following criteria: market values generally between $50.0 million and $1.0 billion, annual revenues less than $250 million and employee headcount between 100 to 1,000 full-time employees. As of February 2025, the peer group was comprised of the following companies:

Annual Base Salary

Base salaries serve to provide fixed cash compensation to our executive officers for performing their ongoing responsibilities. Base salaries for our executive officers are approved by the Compensation Committee in connection with the commencement of employment, and are reviewed and adjusted, as appropriate, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, based on a consideration of various factors, including the individual’s (i) role and responsibilities; (ii) contribution and performance over the past year; (iii) overall experience and expertise; and (iv) current base salary. The Compensation Committee additionally considers other factors, including (i) labor market conditions; (ii) inflation; (iii) corporate performance; (iv) succession planning; and (v) salaries for similar positions within our industry.

The base salaries of our named executive officers, including our chief executive officer, are generally approved by generally determined and approved by the Compensation Committee of our Board. The base salaries for our NEOs remained unchanged from 2024, as the Compensation Committee determined that their base salaries continued to be appropriate in light of market data.

Our named executive officers’ 2025 base salaries were as follows:

Performance-Based Bonus Opportunity

In addition to base salaries, our named executive officers are eligible to receive annual performance-based cash bonuses designed to provide our named executive officers with appropriate incentives to achieve defined annual performance goals and to reward our named executive officers for achievement towards these goals. As part of the annual planning process, our management typically proposes a set of corporate goals to the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee reviews and discusses these corporate goals, often suggesting changes for our management to consider. The final corporate goals are then approved by the Compensation Committee. Historically, the corporate goals have measured performance across different categories, which could vary from year to year, but generally encompassed: operating, financial, market development, product development, and operations and quality metrics. At the end of the year, our Compensation Committee reviews each named executive officer’s performance in light of the corporate goal achievement and determines the actual bonus payout to be awarded to each of our named executive officers. The annual performance-based bonus Dr. Holmlin is eligible to receive is generally based on the extent to which we achieve our corporate goals and for the other named executive officers 50% based on the extent to which we achieve our corporate goals and 50% based on the individual’s achievement of individual goals. In making executive compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee generally takes into consideration each named executive officer’s individual performance, scope of job function and the critical skill set of the named executive officer to the Company’s future performance.

Each named executive officer is assigned a target bonus expressed as a percentage of base salary. Upon review of our compensation philosophy, market data and the recommendations of our independent compensation consultant, the Compensation Committee determined that the bonus targets from 2024 remained appropriate for the Company, and as a result, the amounts were unchanged for 2025. As such, the 2025 performance-based bonus opportunity of our named executive officers as a percentage of respective base salary were as follows:

For 2025, the corporate goals measured performance across four categories: operating (50% weighting), financial (10% weighting), clinical affairs/laboratory (20% weighting), and product development (20% weighting). Each of the operating and financial goals provide for payout at 75% achievement of the target goal. The Compensation Committee reviewed achievement of those goals and determined the Company achieved 112.67% of target. Additionally, for 2025, a funding matrix was set in which the percentage of funding available for the performance-based bonus opportunity was dependent on the amount of available cash as of December 31, 2025. Based on the funding matrix, the 2025 performance-based bonus opportunity was funded at 100%. For 2025 the Compensation Committee awarded performance-based bonuses of $457,315 to Dr. Holmlin and $274,201 to each of Mr. Oldakowski and Dr. Chaubey.

Equity-Based Incentive Awards

We believe that our ability to grant equity-based awards is a valuable and necessary compensation tool that aligns the long-term financial interests of our employees, consultants and directors with the financial interests of our stockholders. In addition, we believe that our ability to grant equity-based awards helps us to attract, retain and motivate employees, consultants and directors, and encourages them to devote their best efforts to our business and financial success. Our Board and our Compensation Committee are responsible for the approval of equity grants. Vesting of equity awards is generally tied to continuous service with us and serves as an additional retention measure. Our executives generally are awarded an initial new hire grant upon commencement of employment and annually at the beginning of the year. Subsequent discretionary, annual equity-based awards may be granted to our executives and our eligible non-executive employees as part of our annual performance reviews and as determined by the Compensation Committee and our Board. Such equity-based awards are for the purpose of retaining and incentivizing our executives and eligible non-executive employees consistent with guidelines provided by our Compensation Committee and our Board. Additional off-cycle or one-time grants may be approved periodically in order to specifically incentivize executives with respect to achieving certain corporate goals or to reward executives for exceptional performance. Individual grants are determined based on several factors, including (i) current corporate and individual performance; (ii) the applicable named executive officer’s outstanding equity holdings and their retention value and total ownership, and (iii) market data provided by our independent compensation consultant.

Prior to our August 2018 initial public offering (“IPO”), we granted all equity awards pursuant to our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Following our IPO, we have granted all equity awards pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2018 Plan”) and our 2020 Inducement Plan, as amended (the “Inducement Plan”). Historically, we have primarily granted options to our named executive officers, but have, more recently included RSUs in the annual grants for certain years. Going forward we will continue to evaluate the equity mix for annual grants to our named executive officers, which may include only options, only RSUs, or a mix of options, RSUs and other forms of equity awards, subject to the terms of the applicable equity plan. All options are granted with a per share exercise price equal to no less than the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant of such award.

In 2025, in consultation with our independent compensation consultant, and based on market data, our Compensation Committee determined it was appropriate to only grant stock options to our named executive officers. Specifically, our Compensation Committee made an annual grant of options to purchase 17,449, 6,966 and 6,966 shares to Dr. Holmlin, Mr. Oldakowski and Dr. Chaubey, respectively. Each option has an exercise price of $3.47 per share and vests as follows: shares subject to the option vest monthly over 48 months beginning on the one-month anniversary of the grant date, such that each option shall be fully vested and exercisable on the four-year anniversary of the grant date. Vesting of each option is subject to the executive’s continued service with us through the applicable vesting date.

For additional information, please see below under “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End.”

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table presents information regarding outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2025.