Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
IRT
NYSE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yesx No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
o
Non-Accelerated filer
o
Smaller reporting company
o
Emerging growth company
o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YesoNox
As of July 26, 2024 there were 225,120,618 shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 1: Organization
Independence Realty Trust, Inc. (“IRT”), is a self-administered and self-managed Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) which was formed on March 26, 2009. We are primarily engaged in the ownership, operation, management, improvement, and acquisition of multifamily apartment communities in non-gateway markets. As of June 30, 2024, we owned and operated 110 (unaudited) multifamily apartment properties (including one owned through a consolidated joint venture) that contain an aggregate of 32,685 (unaudited) units across non-gateway U.S. markets, including Atlanta, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Nashville, Oklahoma City, Raleigh-Durham, and Tampa. In addition, as of June 30, 2024, we owned two investments in real estate under development in Denver, Colorado that will, upon completion, contain an aggregate of 621 (unaudited) units. As of June 30, 2024, we also owned interests in four unconsolidated joint ventures, two of which own and operate multifamily apartment communities that contain an aggregate of 810 (unaudited) units and two of which are developing multifamily apartment properties that will, upon completion, contain an aggregate of 653 (unaudited) units. We own all of our assets and conduct substantially all of our operations through Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“IROP”), of which we are the sole general partner.
As used herein, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to IRT and, as required by context, IROP and its subsidiaries.
NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
a. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although we believe that the included disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our condensed consolidated financial position and condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows are included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date its financial statements were issued. No significant recognized or non-recognized subsequent events were noted other than those described in the footnotes.
b. Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our accounts and the accounts of IROP and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 810, “Consolidation”, IROP is considered a variable interest entity of which we are the primary beneficiary. As our significant asset is our investment in IROP, substantially all of our assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities of IROP.
c. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
d. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash, including amounts restricted, may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance limit of $250 per institution. We mitigate credit risk by placing cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. To date, we have not experienced any losses on cash and cash equivalents.
e. Restricted Cash
Restricted cash includes escrows of our funds held by lenders to fund certain expenditures, such as real estate taxes and insurance, or to be released at our discretion upon the occurrence of certain pre-specified events. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $26,364 and $27,880, respectively, of restricted cash.
f. Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs, including internal costs, that both add value and appreciably extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Investments in real estate are classified as held for sale in the period in which certain criteria are met including when the sale of the asset is probable, necessary approvals are obtained, and actions required to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan of sale will be made or the plan of sale will be withdrawn.
Allocation of Purchase Price of Acquired Assets
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805 (“ASC 805”), we evaluate our real estate acquisitions to determine if they should be accounted for as a business or as a group of assets. The evaluation includes an initial screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If the screen is met, the acquisition is not a business. The properties we have acquired met the screen test and are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Under asset acquisition accounting, the costs to acquire real estate, including transaction costs related to the acquisition, are accumulated and then allocated to the individual assets and liabilities acquired based upon their relative fair value. Transaction costs and fees incurred related to the financing of an acquisition are capitalized and amortized over the life of the related financing.
We estimate the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, building and improvements), identified intangible assets (consisting of in-place leases), and assumed debt at the date of acquisition, based on the evaluation of information and estimates available at that date.
The aggregate value of in-place leases is determined by evaluating various factors, including the terms of the leases that are in place and assumed lease-up periods. The value assigned to these intangible assets is amortized over the assumed lease up period, typically six months. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not acquire any in-place leases. For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024,we recorded $0, and $66, respectively, of amortization for intangible assets. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $0 and $399, respectively, of amortization for intangible assets. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we wrote-off fully amortized intangible assets of $0 and $398, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we wrote-off fully amortized intangible assets of $0 and $1,099, respectively.
Business Combinations
For properties we acquire or transactions we enter into that are accounted for as business combinations, we apply the acquisition method of accounting under ASC 805, which requires the identification of the acquiror, the determination of the acquisition date, and the recognition and measurement, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. To the extent that the fair value of net assets acquired differs from the fair value of consideration paid, ASC 805 requires the recognition of goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase price, if any.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Management evaluates the recoverability of our investments in real estate assets, including related identifiable intangible assets, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”. This accounting standard requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of the assets is not assured.
We review our long-lived assets on an ongoing basis and evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value when there is an indicator of impairment. An impairment charge is recognized when it is determined that the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value. The estimated cash flows and estimated fair value used in the impairment analysis are determined based on our plans for the respective assets, including the expected hold period, and our assessment of market and economic conditions. The estimates consider matters such as current and historical rental rates and collection levels, occupancies for the respective and/or comparable properties, and recent sales data for comparable properties. Changes in our plans or views of market and economic conditions may result in adjustments to estimated future cash flows, which could lead to recognition of impairment losses. These losses, as guided by the applicable accounting standards, could be significant. For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded impairment charges of $0 and $15,107, respectively, on account of real estate classified as held for sale and sold properties. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we did not incur an impairment charge.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense for real estate assets is computed using a straight-line method based on a life of 40 years for buildings and improvements and five to ten years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $53,757 and $107,080 of depreciation expense, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $53,700 and $106,587 of depreciation expense, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we wrote-off fully depreciated fixed assets of $8,328 and $15,604, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we wrote-off fully depreciated fixed assets of $5,114 and $8,033, respectively.
Casualty Related Costs
Occasionally, we incur losses at our communities from wind storms, floods, fires and similar hazards. Sometimes, a portion of these losses are not fully covered by our insurance policies due to deductibles. In these cases, we estimate the carrying value of the damaged property and record a casualty loss for the difference between the estimated carrying value and the insurance proceeds. Any amount of insurance recovery in excess of the amount of the losses incurred is considered a gain contingency and is recorded in casualty losses (gains), net when the proceeds are received. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $465 and $2,767 of net casualty losses, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $680 and $831 of net casualty losses, respectively.
g. Investments in Real Estate Under Development
We capitalize direct and indirect project costs incurred during the development period such as construction, insurance, architectural, legal, interest costs, and real estate taxes. At such time as the development is considered substantially complete, the capitalization of certain indirect costs such as real estate taxes, interest costs, and all project-related costs in real estate under development are reclassified to investments in real estate. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $1,771 and $3,341, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in real estate under development. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $1,715 and $3,168, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in real estate under development.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of our two investments in real estate under development in Denver, Colorado totaled $115,196 and $98,365, respectively, net of $87,061 and $77,520 placed in service, respectively, and was recorded as a separate line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
h. Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities
We have entered into joint ventures with unrelated third parties to acquire, develop, own, operate, and manage real estate assets. Our joint ventures are funded with a combination of debt and equity. We will consolidate entities that we control as well as any variable interest entity ("VIE") where we are the primary beneficiary. Under the VIE model, we consolidate an entity when we have the ability to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, we consolidate an entity when we control the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. We separately analyzed the initial accounting for each of our four investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and concluded that each investment is a voting interest entity. Our equity interest varies for each of our four investments in unconsolidated real estate entities between 50% to 90% but, in each case, we share control of the major decisions that most significantly impact the joint ventures with our partners. Since we do not control the joint venture through our ownership interest, they are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and are included in investments in unconsolidated real estate entities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Under the equity method of accounting, the investments are carried at cost plus our share of net earnings or losses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $1,190 and $2,462, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $1,089 and $2,095, respectively, of capitalized interest expense on our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
i. Revenue and Expenses
Rental and Other Property Revenue
We apply FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”) with respect to our accounting for rental income. We primarily lease apartment units under operating leases generally with terms of one year or less. Rental payments are generally due monthly and rental revenues are recognized on an accrual basis when earned. We have elected to account for lease (i.e. fixed payments including base rent) and non-lease components (i.e. tenant reimbursements and certain other service fees) as a single combined operating lease component since (1) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease and non-lease components is the same, (2) the lease component is the predominant element, and (3) the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease.
We make ongoing estimates of the collectability of our base rents, tenant reimbursements, and other service fees included within rental and other property revenue. If collectability is not probable, we adjust rental and other property income for the amount of uncollectible revenue.
j. Derivative Instruments
We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with our borrowings. The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with our operating and financial structure, as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions. While these instruments may impact our periodic cash flows, they benefit us by minimizing the risks and/or costs previously described. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions with which we, and our affiliates, may also have other financial relationships. In the event of nonperformance by the counterparties, we are potentially exposed to credit loss. However, because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties, we do not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet their obligations.
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, we measure each derivative instrument at fair value and record such amounts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as either an asset or liability. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of the effective portions of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income and changes in the fair value of the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges, if any, are recognized in earnings. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivative instrument are recognized in earnings. Any derivatives that we designate in hedge relationships are done so at inception. At inception, we determine whether or not the derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in the designated interest rate
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
risk associated with the identified indebtedness using regression analysis. At each reporting period, we update our regression analysis and use the hypothetical derivative method to measure any ineffectiveness.
k. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the instruments’ complexity for disclosure purposes. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
•Level 1: Valuations are based on unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. The types of assets carried at Level 1 fair value generally are equity securities listed in active markets. As such, valuations of these investments do not entail a significant degree of judgment.
•Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3: Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Given that cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are short term in nature with limited fair value volatility, the carrying amount is deemed to be a reasonable approximation of fair value and the fair value input is classified as a Level 1 fair value measurement. The fair value input for derivatives is classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our unsecured credit facility, term loans, and mortgage indebtedness is based on a discounted cash flows valuation technique. As this technique utilizes current credit spreads, which are generally unobservable, this is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy. We determine appropriate credit spreads based on the type of debt and its maturity. There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The following table summarizes the carrying amount and the fair value of our financial instruments as of the periods indicated:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
As of June 30, 2024
As of December 31, 2023
Financial Instrument
Carrying Amount
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying Amount
Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$
21,034
$
21,034
$
22,852
$
22,852
Restricted cash
26,364
26,364
27,880
27,880
Derivative assets
38,422
38,422
29,937
29,937
Liabilities
Debt:
Unsecured Revolver
102,608
103,820
233,362
235,607
Unsecured Term loans
597,852
601,767
597,544
602,589
Secured credit facilities
602,944
548,346
606,099
554,198
Mortgages (1)
949,155
872,930
1,112,404
1,029,028
(1)Includes indebtedness associated with real estate held for sale of $49,598.
In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, we record assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by U.S. GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. As discussed further in Note 3 “Investments in Real Estate”, we recognized an impairment charge of $15,107 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 at our property classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2024. The impairment charge was determined by comparing the fair value of the property to its carrying value. The fair value was based on executed purchase and sale agreements and was determined to be a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
l. Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred in connection with debt financing are deferred and classified within indebtedness and charged to interest expense over the terms of the related debt agreements, under the effective interest method.
m. Office Leases
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases”, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet at the lease commencement date for all leases, except those leases with terms of less than a year. We lease corporate office space under leases with terms of up to 10 years and that may include extension options, but that do not include any residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $2,085 and $2,408, respectively, of operating lease right-of-use assets and $2,355 and $2,701, respectively, of operating lease liabilities related to our corporate office leases. The operating lease right-of-use assets are presented within other assets and the operating lease liabilities are presented within other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $189 and $409, respectively, of total operating lease expense which is recorded within property management expense and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $202 and $412, respectively, of total operating lease expense which was recorded within property management expenses and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
n. Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT. Accordingly, we recorded no income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders; however, we believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify and maintain treatment as a REIT and intend to operate in such a manner so that we will remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
o. Restructuring Costs
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we reorganized certain departments in our organization impacting a limited number of employees. The impacted employees were provided severance packages that included cash severance payments and the accelerated vesting of performance share units and restricted stock awards, as applicable. In accordance with ASC 712 “Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits”, we recognized the full amount of restructuring costs of $3,213 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, which is presented in the restructuring costs line on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.No restructuring costs were recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
p. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Below is a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements that could have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued an accounting standard classified under FASB ASC Topic 848, “Reference Rate Reform.” The amendments in this update contain practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASC 848 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, we elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. We will continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.
In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”) which was issued to defer the sunset date of Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies. ASU 2022-06 has no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, Topic 280, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”) which was issued to improve the disclosures about a public entity's reportable segments and address requests from investors for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment's expenses. Early adoption of ASU 2023-07 is permitted and the Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 3: Investments in Real Estate
As of June 30, 2024, our investments in real estate consisted of 110 operating apartment properties (unaudited, including one owned through a consolidated joint venture) that contain an aggregate of 32,685 units (unaudited). The following table summarizes our investments in real estate, excluding one property we classified as held for sale:
As of
June 30, 2024
As of
December 31, 2023
Depreciable Lives (In years)
Land
$
538,151
$
540,950
—
Building
5,210,283
5,288,956
40
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
469,585
429,306
5-10
Total investments in real estate
$
6,218,019
$
6,259,212
Accumulated depreciation
(667,681)
(582,760)
Investments in real estate, net
$
5,550,338
$
5,676,452
As of June 30, 2024, we owned one property, Tapestry Park, with 354 units (unaudited) in Birmingham, Alabama that we classified as held for sale which was subsequently sold on July 17, 2024 for a gross sales price of $70,800.
Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy
On October 26, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a plan, which we refer to as our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy, which targeted the sale of ten properties located in seven markets in order to exit or reduce our presence in these markets while also deleveraging our balance sheet. On April 30, 2024, we sold the tenth and final property under our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy for a gross sales price of $28,500 and proceeds from the sale were used to repay debt. As of June 30, 2024, all ten properties in our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy had been sold for a total gross sales price of $525,300 and proceeds from the sales were used to repay $517,100 of debt.
Dispositions
The table below summarizes our dispositions for the six months ended June 30, 2024:
Property (1)
Market
Units (unaudited)
Sale Date
Sale Price
Gain on Sale (Loss on Impairment), Net
Villas of Kingwood (2)
Houston, TX
330
2/13/2024
$
53,700
$
62
Belmar Villas (2)
Denver, CO
318
2/13/2024
74,300
46
Hearthstone at City Center (2)
Denver, CO
360
3/12/2024
74,000
88
Villas at Huffmeister (2)
Houston, TX
294
3/25/2024
44,250
(415)
Westmont Commons
Asheville, NC
252
3/28/2024
49,875
25,856
Reserve at Creekside (2)
Chattanooga, TN
192
4/30/2024
28,500
(152)
1,746
$
324,625
$
25,485
(1)Included in the Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy.
(2)The gain on sale (loss on impairment), net is exclusive of an aggregate $32,956 impairment charge recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2023, net of $1,105 of defeasance and debt prepayment gains.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
The table below summarizes our property held for sale as of June 30, 2024 and subsequently sold.
Property
Market
Units (Unaudited)
Sale Date
Sale Price
Tapestry Park (1)
Birmingham, AL
354
7/17/2024
$
70,800
(1)A loss on impairment of $15,107 was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
NOTE 4: Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate
As of June 30, 2024, our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities had aggregate land, building, and construction in progress costs capitalized of $318,110 and aggregate construction debt of $203,789. We do not guarantee any debt, capital payout or other obligations associated with these entities. We recognize earnings or losses from our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities consisting of our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the joint ventures. We recognized losses of $850 and $1,679 from equity method investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $1,205 and $1,981, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and these losses were recorded in loss from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes our investments in unconsolidated real estate entities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Carrying Value As Of
Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities
Location
Units (1) (Unaudited)
IRT Ownership Interest
June 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Metropolis at Innsbrook (2)
Richmond, VA
402
84.8
%
$
17,127
$
18,028
Views of Music City II (3)/ The Crockett (4)
Nashville, TN
408
50.0
%
11,805
11,632
Lakeline Station
Austin, TX
378
90.0
%
33,225
32,126
The Mustang
Dallas, TX
275
85.0
%
28,190
27,258
Total
1,463
$
90,347
$
89,044
(1)Represents the total number of units after development is complete and each property is placed in service.
(2)The Metropolis at Innsbrook is an operating property consisting of 402 total units (unaudited). We have a call option that gives us the right to buy the property upon the earlier of the date upon which the property achieves 90% occupancy or October 17, 2025. On June 21, 2024, we entered into an agreement with the developer to list the property for sale upon achieving 85% occupancy.
(3)Views of Music City II is an operating property consisting of 209 total units (unaudited). On July 16, 2024, we amended the joint venture agreement to require the property to be listed for sale no later than March 31, 2025, and to provide us with a right of first refusal, on any sale of the property.
(4)The Crockett is an operating property consisting of 199 units (unaudited). On July 16, 2024, we amended the related joint venture agreement for the property, which is expected to result in the return of our invested capital and corresponding preferred return no later than December 31, 2024, while also providing us with a right of first refusal on any sale of The Crockett.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 5: Indebtedness
The following tables contain summary information concerning our consolidated indebtedness, including indebtedness secured by real estate held for sale, as of June 30, 2024:
Consolidated Debt:
Outstanding Principal
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs
Unamortized Loan (Discount)/Premiums
Carrying Amount
Type
Weighted
Average Contractual Rate (3)
Weighted
Average Hedged Effective Rate (4)
Weighted Average Maturity (in years)
Unsecured revolver (1)
$
103,478
$
(870)
$
—
$
102,608
Floating
6.6%
4.8%
1.6
Unsecured term loans
600,000
(2,148)
—
597,852
Floating
6.5%
4.0%
3.0
Secured credit facilities
585,635
(2,108)
19,417
602,944
Fixed
4.2%
4.4%
4.4
Mortgages (2)
935,258
(3,939)
17,836
949,155
Fixed
3.8%
4.0%
3.9
Total Consolidated Debt
$
2,224,371
$
(9,065)
$
37,253
$
2,252,559
4.8%
4.1%
3.7
(1)The unsecured revolver total capacity is $500,000, of which $103,478 was outstanding as of June 30, 2024.
(2)Includes indebtedness secured by real estate held for sale of $49,598.
(3)Represents the weighted average of the contractual interest rates in effect as of the three months ended June 30, 2024, without regard to any interest rate swaps or collars.
(4)Represents the weighted average effective interest rates for the three months ended June 30, 2024, including the impact of interest rate swaps and collars, the amortization of hedging costs, and deferred financing costs, but excluding the impact of loan premium amortization, discount accretion, and interest capitalization.
The following table contains summary information concerning our consolidated indebtedness as of June 30, 2024:
Scheduled maturities on our consolidated indebtedness outstanding as of June 30, 2024
Consolidated Debt:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Unsecured revolver
$
—
$
—
$
103,478
$
—
$
—
$
—
Unsecured term loans
—
—
200,000
—
400,000
—
Secured credit facilities
—
3,065
9,111
10,081
453,937
109,441
Mortgages (1)
17,479
133,855
128,696
13,300
180,852
461,076
Total
$
17,479
$
136,920
$
441,285
$
23,381
$
1,034,789
$
570,517
(1)Includes indebtedness secured by real estate held for sale.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table contains summary information concerning our consolidated indebtedness, including indebtedness secured by real estate held for sale, as of December 31, 2023:
Consolidated Debt:
Outstanding Principal
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs
Unamortized Loan (Discount)/Premiums
Carrying Amount
Type
Weighted
Average Contractual Rate (3)
Weighted
Average Hedged Effective Rate (4)
Weighted Average Maturity (in years)
Unsecured revolver (1)
$
234,479
$
(1,117)
$
—
$
233,362
Floating
6.6%
5.4%
2.1
Unsecured term loans
600,000
(2,456)
—
597,544
Floating
6.5%
3.9%
3.5
Secured credit facilities
586,286
(1,949)
21,762
606,099
Floating/Fixed
4.2%
4.6%
4.9
Mortgages (2)
1,094,933
(5,250)
22,721
1,112,404
Fixed
3.8%
4.0%
4.3
Total Consolidated Debt
$
2,515,698
$
(10,772)
$
44,483
$
2,549,409
4.8%
4.2%
4.0
(1)The unsecured revolver total capacity was $500,000, of which $234,479 was outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
(2)Includes indebtedness secured by real estate held for sale of $122,621.
(3)Represents the weighted average of the contractual interest rates in effect as of year-end December 31, 2023, without regard to any interest rate swaps or collars.
(4)Represents the total weighted average effective interest rates for the full year ended December 31, 2023, after giving effect to all components of interest expense including the impact of interest rate swaps and collars, but excluding the impact of loan premium amortization, discount accretion, and interest capitalization.
As of June 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our consolidated indebtedness.
NOTE 6: Derivative Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes the aggregate notional amounts and estimated net fair values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
As of June 30, 2024
As of December 31, 2023
Notional
Fair Value of Assets
Fair Value of Liabilities
Notional
Fair Value of Assets
Fair Value of Liabilities
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps
$
500,000
$
26,626
$
—
$
500,000
$
20,090
$
—
Interest rate collars
200,000
7,065
—
250,000
2,700
—
Forward interest rate collars
100,000
4,731
—
200,000
7,147
—
Total
$
800,000
$
38,422
—
$
950,000
$
29,937
$
—
Effective interest rate swaps and caps are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, and the fair value of these hedge agreements is recorded as derivative assets or liabilities on the face of our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
For our interest rate swaps and collars that are considered highly effective hedges, we reclassified realized gains of $5,189 and $10,428 to earnings within interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and we expect gains of $17,161 to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings over the next 12 months.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we reclassified realized gains of $4,749 and $8,126 to earnings within interest expense.
NOTE 7: Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
Stockholders’ Equity
On June 10, 2024, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.16 per share on our common stock, which was paid on July 19, 2024 to common stockholders of record as of June 28, 2024.
On March 11, 2024, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.16 per share on our common stock, which was paid on April 19, 2024 to common stockholders of record as of March 29, 2024.
On May 18, 2022, our board of directors authorized a common stock repurchase program (the "Stock Repurchase Program") covering up to $250,000 in shares of our common stock. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, we, in our discretion, may purchase our shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of the purchases will depend on a number of factors, including the price and availability of our shares, trading volumes and general market conditions. The Stock Repurchase Program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, we had no repurchases of shares under the Stock Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2024, we had $250,000 in shares of our common stock remaining authorized for purchase under the Stock Repurchase Program.
On June 14, 2023, we replaced our previous shelf registration statement with our new shelf registration statement. On July 28, 2023, we entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which we may from time to time offer and sell shares of our common stock under our shelf registration statement having an aggregate offering price of up to $450,000 (the “ATM Program”) in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under the ATM Program, we may also enter into one or more forward sale transactions for the sale of shares of our common stock on a forward basis. There were no forward sale transactions as of June 30, 2024, and no shares of our common stock were sold under the ATM Program during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
Noncontrolling Interest
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, holders of IROP units exchanged 4,928 units for 4,928 shares of our common stock. As of June 30, 2024, 5,941,643 IROP units held by unaffiliated third parties remain outstanding.
On June 10, 2024, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.16 per IROP unit, which was paid on July 19, 2024 to IROP unit holders of record as of June 28, 2024.
On March 11, 2024, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.16 per IROP unit, which was paid on April 19, 2024 to IROP unit holders of record as of March 29, 2024.
NOTE 8: Equity Compensation Plans
Long Term Incentive Plan
On May 18, 2022, our stockholders approved our 2022 Long Term Incentive Plan (the "2022 Incentive Plan"), which replaced the 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”, collectively with the 2022 Incentive Plan, the “Incentive Plan”). No new awards may be made under the Prior Plan, although awards outstanding under the Prior Plan will remain subject to the terms of the Prior Plan. The 2022 Incentive Plan provides for grants of equity and equity-based awards to our employees, officers, directors, consultants and other service providers, and such awards may take the form of restricted or unrestricted shares of common stock, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), dividend equivalents and other equity and cash-based awards. A maximum of 8,000,000 shares of our common stock (plus up to an additional 1,280,610 shares of our common stock, to the extent that shares subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Plan are recycled into the 2022 Incentive Plan) may be
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
issued under the 2022 Incentive Plan, subject to customary adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar corporate events or transactions affecting shares of our common stock.
The restricted shares and RSUs granted under the Incentive Plan generally vest or vested over a two-to four-year period. In addition, we have granted unrestricted shares to our non-employee directors. These awards generally vest or vested immediately. A summary of restricted and unrestricted common share awards and RSU activity is presented below.
2024
Number of Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance, January 1,
416,735
$
18.70
Granted
382,077
14.95
Vested
(218,091)
13.80
Forfeited
(29,138)
16.50
Balance, June 30,(1)
551,583
$
18.16
(1)
The outstanding award balances above include 149,334 and 127,989 RSUs as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
On February 26, 2024, our compensation committee awarded 218,379 performance share units (“PSUs”) (measured at target) to our executive officers. The number of PSUs earned will be based on attainment of certain performance criteria over a three-year period, with the actual number of shares issuable ranging between 0% and 150% of the target number of PSUs granted. Half of any PSUs earned will vest, and shares will be issued in respect thereof, immediately following the end of the three-year performance period; the remaining half of any PSUs earned will vest, and shares will be issued in respect thereof, after an additional one-year period of service.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, a portion of the RSUs and PSUs granted were issued to employees who are retirement eligible. The fact that the grantees are retirement eligible resulted in immediate recognition of the associated stock-based compensation expense totaling $2,525 and $2,677, respectively.
NOTE 9: Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net income
$
10,555
$
10,988
$
28,515
$
19,861
Income allocated to noncontrolling interest
(201)
(279)
(585)
(503)
Net income allocable to common shares
$
10,354
$
10,709
$
27,930
$
19,358
Weighted-average shares outstanding—Basic
224,793,229
224,422,515
224,710,259
224,325,246
Weighted-average shares outstanding—Diluted
225,418,825
225,073,890
225,403,082
225,088,261
Earnings per share—Basic
$
0.05
$
0.05
$
0.12
$
0.09
Earnings per share—Diluted
$
0.05
$
0.05
$
0.12
$
0.09
Certain IROP units, RSUs and restricted stocks awards were excluded from the earnings per share computation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive, totaling 6,070,126 and 6,096,634 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Certain IROP units were excluded from the earnings per share computation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive, totaling 5,946,571 and 5,946,571 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
NOTE 10: Other Disclosures
Litigation
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business operations. Matters which arise out of allegations of bodily injury, property damage, and employment practices are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings, for additional information regarding our legal proceedings.
Loss Contingencies
We record an accrual for loss contingencies when a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Management reviews these accruals quarterly and makes revisions based on changes in facts and circumstances. When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, management does not accrue the loss. However, if the loss (or an additional loss in excess of an earlier accrual) is at least a reasonable possibility and material, then management discloses a reasonable estimate of the possible loss, or range of loss, if such reasonable estimate can be made. If we cannot make a reasonable estimate of the possible loss, or range of loss, then a statement to that effect is disclosed.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This report contains or incorporates by reference such “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes” and words and terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance identify forward-looking statements.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, anticipated enhancements to our financial results and future growth from our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy. All statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that address financial and operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur or be achieved in the future are forward-looking statements.
Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve estimates, projections, forecasts and assumptions, including as to matters that are not within our control, and are subject to risks and uncertainties including, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to changes in market demand for rental apartment homes and pricing pressures, including from competitors, that could lead to declines in occupancy and rent levels, uncertainty and volatility in capital and credit markets, including changes that reduce availability, and increase costs, of capital, unexpected changes in our intention or ability to repay certain debt prior to maturity, increased costs on account of inflation, increased competition in the labor market, failure to realize cost savings, efficiencies and other benefits that we expect to result from our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy, inability to sell certain assets, including those assets designated as held for sale, within the time frames or at the pricing levels expected, failure to achieve expected benefits from the redeployment of proceeds from asset sales, delays in completing, and cost overruns incurred in connection with, our value add initiatives and failure to achieve rent increases and occupancy levels on account of the value add initiatives, unexpected impairments or impairments in excess of our estimates, increased regulations generally and specifically on the rental housing market, including legislation that may regulate rents or delay or limit our ability to evict non-paying residents, risks endemic to real estate and the real estate industry generally, the impact of potential outbreaks of infectious diseases and measures intended to prevent the spread or address the effects thereof, the effects of natural and other disasters, unknown or unexpected liabilities, including the cost of legal proceedings, costs and disruptions as the result of a cybersecurity incident or other technology disruption, unexpected capital needs, inability to obtain appropriate insurance coverages at reasonable rates, or at all, or losses from catastrophes in excess of our insurance coverages, and share price fluctuations. Please refer to the documents filed by us with the SEC, including specifically the “Risk Factors” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and our other filings with the SEC, which identify additional factors that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements are based upon the beliefs and expectations of our management at the time of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations, intentions, beliefs, plans or predictions of the future expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required by law.
We are a self-administered and self-managed Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). We are primarily engaged in the ownership, operation, management, improvement, and acquisition of multifamily apartment communities in non-gateway markets. As of June 30, 2024, we owned and operated 110 multifamily apartment properties (including one owned through a consolidated joint venture) that contain an aggregate of 32,685 units. Our properties are located in Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas. In addition, as of June 30, 2024, we owned and consolidated two investments in real estate under development in Colorado that will, upon completion, contain an aggregate of 621 units. As of June 30, 2024, we also owned interests in four unconsolidated joint ventures, two that own and operate multifamily apartment communities that contain an aggregate of 810 units and two that are developing multifamily apartment communities that will contain, upon completion, an aggregate of 653 units. We do not have any foreign operations and our business is not seasonal.
Our Business Objective and Investment Strategies
Our primary business objective is to maximize stockholder value through diligent portfolio management, strong operational performance, and a consistent return of capital through distributions and capital appreciation. Our investment strategy is focused on the following:
•gaining scale within key amenity rich submarkets of non-gateway cities that offer good school districts, high-quality retail and major employment centers and are unlikely to experience substantial new apartment construction in the foreseeable future;
•increasing cash flows at our existing apartment properties through prudent property management and strategic renovation projects; and
•acquiring and developing additional properties that have strong and stable occupancies and support a rise in rental rates or that have the potential for repositioning through capital expenditures or tailored management strategies.
As of June 30, 2024, we owned and consolidated 110 multifamily apartment properties, totaling 32,685 units. Below is a summary of our consolidated property portfolio by market.
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit data)
As of June 30, 2024
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Market
Number of Properties
Units
Gross Real Estate Assets
Period End Occupancy
Average Effective Monthly Rent per Unit
Net Operating Income
% of NOI
Atlanta, GA
13
5,180
$
1,099,186
93.9
%
$
1,609
$
14,632
15.1
%
Dallas, TX
14
4,007
873,317
95.6
%
1,815
13,213
13.7
%
Columbus, OH
10
2,510
377,578
94.4
%
1,451
6,633
7.0
%
Oklahoma City, OK
8
2,147
332,776
95.4
%
1,204
5,362
5.4
%
Indianapolis, IN
7
1,979
295,293
97.1
%
1,396
5,359
5.5
%
Denver, CO (1)(2)
6
1,397
382,238
96.6
%
1,736
5,310
5.5
%
Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL
5
1,452
317,253
95.0
%
1,836
5,212
5.4
%
Nashville, TN
5
1,508
373,109
95.7
%
1,635
5,024
5.2
%
Raleigh - Durham, NC
6
1,690
254,444
95.5
%
1,545
4,987
5.2
%
Memphis, TN
4
1,383
161,192
94.6
%
1,518
4,043
4.2
%
Houston, TX
5
1,308
214,215
97.3
%
1,431
3,312
3.4
%
Huntsville, AL
4
1,051
241,753
96.5
%
1,487
3,190
3.3
%
Louisville, KY
4
1,150
145,766
96.3
%
1,312
2,860
3.0
%
Birmingham, AL (3)
2
1,074
219,565
94.7
%
1,455
2,786
2.9
%
Lexington, KY
3
886
161,833
98.3
%
1,353
2,697
2.8
%
Charlotte, NC
3
714
189,804
95.9
%
1,742
2,588
2.7
%
Myrtle Beach, SC - Wilmington, NC
3
628
68,296
95.9
%
1,407
1,827
1.9
%
Cincinnati, OH
2
542
124,084
98.1
%
1,604
1,760
1.8
%
Greenville, SC
1
702
125,347
94.2
%
1,308
1,620
1.7
%
Charleston, SC
2
518
82,009
96.3
%
1,697
1,551
1.6
%
Orlando, FL
1
297
50,708
93.9
%
1,794
902
0.9
%
San Antonio, TX
1
306
57,469
96.7
%
1,477
873
0.9
%
Austin, TX
1
256
59,954
94.5
%
1,805
850
0.9
%
Total/Weighted Average
110
32,685
$
6,207,189
95.5
%
$
1,554
$
96,591
100.0
%
(1)Excludes our development properties. See Non-GAAP financial measures for the definition of a development property.
(2)Includes properties in our Fort Collins, CO and Colorado Springs, CO markets.
(3)Includes one property with 354 units that was held for sale as of June 30, 2024.
The Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy concluded with the sale of the tenth and final property on April 30, 2024 for a gross sales price of $28.5 million, and proceeds from the sale were used to pay outstanding mortgage debt in the amount of $15.0 million, and $13.3 million in borrowings under our unsecured revolver. The Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy resulted in the sale of ten properties for an aggregate gross sales price of $525.3 million and proceeds from the sales were used to repay an aggregate of $517.1 million of debt.
CapitalRecycling
Our capital recycling program consists of disposing of assets in markets where we lack scale and/or markets
where management believes that growth is slowing.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, in connection with our capital recycling program, we identified one property in Birmingham, Alabama as held for sale and recognized a loss on impairment of $15.1 million. As of June 30, 2024, this property continued to be held for sale and was subsequently sold on July 17, 2024 for a gross sales price of $70.8 million. We expect to use the proceeds from this 1031 exchange sale to acquire a property in Tampa, Florida during the third quarter 2024.
Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities
To create another avenue for accretive capital allocation and to increase our options for capital investment, we have partnered with, and may in the future partner with, developers through preferred equity investments and joint venture relationships focused on new multifamily development.
No new investments in unconsolidated real estate entities were entered into during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. On July 16, 2024, we amended the related joint venture agreement for the property, which is expected to result in the return of our invested capital and corresponding preferred return no later than December 31, 2024, while also providing us with a right of first refusal on any sale of The Crockett. The amendment of the joint venture agreement also converted the right of first offer on the Views of Music City II to a right of first refusal. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had investments in unconsolidated real estate entities of $90.3 million and $89.0 million, respectively.
Investments in Real Estate Under Development
As part of our merger with Steadfast Apartment REIT, Inc. (the “STAR Merger”), we acquired two land parcels in Denver, Colorado that are being developed into multifamily properties that will contain 621 units, in the aggregate, upon completion. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had investments in real estate under development of $115.2 million and $98.4 million, respectively, net of $87.1 million and $77.5 million placed in service, respectively.
Value Add
Our value add program provides us with the opportunity to improve long-term growth through targeted unit renovations at communities where there is the potential for outsized rent growth.
We completed renovations on 378 units during the three months ended June 30, 2024. From inception of our value add program in January 2018 through June 30, 2024, we completed renovations on 8,469 of the 13,281 units currently in our value add program, achieving a return on investment of 17.1% (and approximately 19.1% on the interior portion of such renovation costs). We compute return on cost by using the rent premium per unit per month, multiplied by 12, divided by the applicable renovation costs per unit and we compute the rent premium as the difference between the rental rate on the renovated unit (excluding the impact of concessions) and the market rent for a comparable unrenovated unit as of the date presented, as determined by management consistent with its customary rent-setting and evaluation procedures.
On June 14, 2023, we replaced our previous shelf registration statement with our new shelf registration statement. On July 28, 2023, we entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which we may from time to time offer and sell shares of our common stock under our shelf registration statement having an aggregate offering price of up to $450,000 (the “ATM Program”) in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Under the ATM Program, we may also enter into one or more forward sale transactions for the sale of shares of our common stock on a forward basis. There were no forward sale transactions as of June 30, 2024, and no shares of our common stock were sold under the ATM Program during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
Investment Grade Rating from Fitch
On March 4, 2024, we received an investment grade rating from Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”). Fitch has assigned a Long-Term Issuer Default Rating of ‘BBB’ to IRT with a stable outlook. In addition, Fitch has assigned a rating of ‘BBB’ to our subsidiary, Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP and our senior unsecured debt, which includes credit facilities and unsecured term loans.
As of June 30, 2024, we owned and consolidated 110 multifamily apartment properties, of which 108 comprised the Same-Store Portfolio.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
SAME-STORE PORTFOLIO
NON SAME-STORE PORTFOLIO
CONSOLIDATED
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30,
Three Months Ended June 30,
Three Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
Property Data:
Number of properties (1)
108
108
—
—
2
11
(9)
(81.8)%
110
119
(9)
(7.6)%
Number of units (1)
32,153
32,153
—
—
532
3,096
(2,564)
(82.8)%
32,685
35,249
(2,564)
(7.3)%
Average occupancy (1)
95.4%
94.2%
1.2%
—
94.7%
93.3%
1.4%
—
95.3%
94.1%
1.2%
—
Average effective monthly rent, per unit (1)
$1,555
$1,531
$24
1.6%
$1,545
$1,619
$(74)
(4.6)%
$1,554
$1,538
$16
1.0%
Revenue:
Rental and other property revenue
$
153,969
$
148,645
$
5,324
3.6
%
$
4,135
$
14,956
$
(10,821)
(72.4)
%
$
158,104
$
163,601
$
(5,497)
(3.4)
%
Expenses:
Property operating expenses
59,041
56,270
2,771
4.9
%
1,842
5,801
(3,959)
(68.2)
%
60,883
62,071
(1,188)
(1.9)
%
Net Operating Income
$
94,928
$
92,375
$
2,553
2.8
%
$
2,293
$
9,155
$
(6,862)
(75.0)
%
$
97,221
$
101,530
$
(4,309)
(4.2)
%
Other Revenue:
Other revenue
$
298
$
354
$
(56)
(15.8)
%
Corporate and other expenses:
Property management expenses
7,666
6,818
848
12.4
%
General and administrative expenses
6,244
5,910
334
5.7
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
54,127
53,984
143
0.3
%
Casualty losses
465
680
(215)
(31.6)
%
Interest expense
(17,460)
(22,227)
4,767
(21.4)
%
Loss on impairment of real estate assets, net
(152)
—
(152)
100.0
%
Other (loss) income, net
—
(72)
72
(100.0)
%
Loss from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
(850)
(1,205)
355
(29.5)
%
Net income
$
10,555
$
10,988
$
(433)
(3.9)
%
Income allocated to noncontrolling interests
(201)
(279)
78
(28.0)
%
Net income available to common shares
$
10,354
$
10,709
$
(355)
(3.3)
%
(1)Excludes our development projects. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for our definition of a development property and our methodology for determining same-store properties.
Rental and other property revenue. Revenue from rental and other property revenue of the consolidated portfolio decreased $5.5 million to $158.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $163.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $10.8 million decrease in non same-store rental and other property revenue driven by the sale of ten properties under the Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy, partially offset by an increase in same-store rental and other property revenue of $5.3 million driven by a 1.6% increase in average effective monthly rents and a 1.2% increase in average occupancy compared to the prior year period.
Expenses
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses decreased $1.2 million to $60.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $62.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was due to a $4.0 million decrease in property operating expenses due to the sale of ten properties under our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy partially offset by a $2.8 million increase in same-store property operating expense, driven by an increase in repairs and maintenance, advertising expenses, personnel expenses and property insurance.
Property management expenses. Property management expenses increased$0.9million to $7.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $6.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 primarily due to higher personnel costs driven by $0.2 million of employee retention credit benefits realized in the prior year period.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million to $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher personnel costs compared to the prior year period.
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.1 million to $54.1million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $54.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to depreciation expenses driven by capital expenditures related to our value add program partially offset by lower depreciation from sold properties.
Casualty losses. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $0.5 million in net casualty losses primarily due to fire damage at two properties where the carrying value of the damage exceeded insurance proceeds due to policy deductibles. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $0.7 million in casualty losses due to fires at two properties where the carrying value of the damage exceeded insurance proceeds due to policy deductibles.
Loss from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities. Loss from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures decreased $0.4million to $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to the completion of construction activities at two investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and increased occupancies and operating results during the lease-up phase.
Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $4.7million to $17.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $22.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by the reduction of debt associated with the sale of ten properties under the Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
SAME-STORE PORTFOLIO
NON SAME-STORE PORTFOLIO
CONSOLIDATED
(Dollars in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
2024
2023
Increase (Decrease)
% Change
Property Data:
Number of properties (1)
108
108
—
—
2
11
(9)
(81.8)%
110
119
(9)
(7.6)%
Number of units (1)
32,153
32,153
—
—
532
3,096
(2,564)
(82.8)%
32,685
35,249
(2,564)
(7.3)%
Average occupancy (1)
94.9%
93.7%
1.2%
—
93.5%
92.9%
0.6%
—
94.9%
93.6%
1.3%
—
Average effective monthly rent, per unit (1)
$1,553
$1,529
$24
1.6%
$1,543
$1,614
$(71)
(4.4)%
$1,553
$1,545
$8
0.5%
Revenue:
Rental and other property revenue
$
304,587
$
294,346
$
10,241
3.5%
$
13,849
$
30,390
$
(16,541)
(54.4)%
$
318,436
$
324,736
$
(6,300)
(1.9)%
Expenses:
Property operating expenses
115,288
109,834
5,454
5.0%
5,566
11,493
(5,927)
(51.6)%
120,854
121,327
(473)
(0.4)%
Net Operating Income
$
189,299
$
184,512
$
4,787
2.6%
$
8,283
$
18,897
$
(10,614)
(56.2)%
$
197,582
$
203,409
$
(5,827)
(2.9)%
Other Revenue:
Other revenue
$
501
$
594
$
(93)
(15.7)%
Corporate and other expenses:
Property management expenses
15,165
13,189
1,976
15.0
%
General and administrative expenses
14,624
14,063
561
4.0
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
107,850
107,520
330
0.3
%
Casualty losses
2,767
831
1,936
233.0
%
Interest expense
(38,063)
(44,351)
6,288
(14.2)
%
Gain on sale of real estate assets, net
10,378
985
9,393
953.6
%
Gain on extinguishment of debt
203
—
203
100.0
%
Other (loss) income, net
(1)
21
(22)
(104.8)
%
Loss from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
(1,679)
(1,981)
302
(15.2)
%
Restructuring costs
—
(3,213)
3,213
(100.0)
%
Net income
$28,515
$19,861
$8,654
43.6%
Income allocated to noncontrolling interests
(585)
(503)
(82)
16.3
%
Net income available to common shares
$27,930
$19,358
$8,572
44.3%
(1)Excludes our development projects. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for our definition of a development property and our methodology for determining same-store properties.
Rental and other property revenue. Revenue from rental and other property revenue of the consolidated portfolio decreased $6.3 million to $318.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $324.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $16.5 million decrease in non same-store rental and other property revenue driven by the sale of ten properties under the Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy. This decrease in non same-store rental and other property revenue was partially offset by an increase in same-store rental and other property revenue of $10.2 million driven by a 1.6% increase in average effective monthly rents and a 1.2% increase in average occupancy compared to the prior year period.
Expenses
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses decreased $0.4 million to $120.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $121.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the $5.9 million decrease in property operating expenses due to the sale of ten properties under our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy partially offset by a $5.5 million increase in same-store property operating expenses, primarily due to higher property insurance, personnel expenses, and advertising expenses.
Property management expenses. Property management expenses increased $2.0 million to $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $13.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily due to higher personnel costs driven by $0.4 million of employee retention credit benefits realized in the prior year period and higher software license costs as a result of ongoing centralization efforts.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $0.5 million to $14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher professional fees compared to the prior year period.
Casualty losses. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $2.8 million in casualty losses where the carrying value of the damage exceeded insurance proceeds due to policy deductibles. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $0.8 million in casualty losses due to fires at three properties where the carrying value of the damage exceeded insurance proceeds due to policy deductibles.
Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $6.3 million to $38.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $44.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily due to the reduction of debt associated with the sale of ten properties under the Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy.
Gain on sale of real estate assets, net. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we sold six multi-family properties and recognized a gain on sale of real estate, net of $10.4 million comprised of a $25.5 million gain on sale of real estate, net, partially offset by a loss on impairment of $15.1 million for one property held for sale as of June 30, 2024, as a result of the carrying value of the real estate exceeding the expected sales price less transaction costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we sold one multi-family property resulting in a gain on sale of real estate, net of $1.0 million.
Restructuring costs. During the six months ended June 30, 204, we incurred no restructuring costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred approximately $3.2 million of severance costs related to the reorganization of certain departments that impacted a limited number of employees.
Funds from Operations (FFO) and Core Funds from Operations (CFFO)
We believe that FFO and Core FFO (“CFFO”), each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure, are additional appropriate measures of the operating performance of a REIT and us in particular. We compute FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), as net income or loss allocated to common shares (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense, gains or losses on sales of real estate and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. While our calculation of FFO is in accordance with NAREIT’s definition, it may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to FFO computations of such other REITs.
CFFO is a computation made by analysts and investors to measure a real estate company’s operating performance by removing the effect of items that do not reflect ongoing property operations, including depreciation and amortization of other items not included in FFO, and other non-cash or non-operating gains or losses related to items such as casualty (gains) losses, loan premium accretion and discount amortization, debt extinguishment costs, and restructuring costs from the determination of FFO.
Our calculation of CFFO may differ from the methodology used for calculating CFFO by other REITs and, accordingly, our CFFO may not be comparable to CFFO reported by other REITs. Our management utilizes FFO and CFFO as measures of our operating performance, and believe they are also useful to investors, because they facilitate an understanding of our operating performance after adjustment for certain non-cash or non-recurring items that are required by GAAP to be expensed but may not necessarily be indicative of current operating performance and our operating performance between periods. Furthermore, although FFO, CFFO and other supplemental performance measures are defined in various ways throughout the REIT industry, we believe that FFO and CFFO may provide us and our investors with an additional useful measure to compare our financial performance to certain other REITs. Neither FFO nor CFFO is equivalent to net income or cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, FFO and CFFO do not represent amounts available for management’s discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments or uncertainties. Accordingly, FFO and CFFO do not measure whether cash flow is sufficient to fund all of our cash needs, including principal amortization and capital improvements. Neither FFO nor CFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income or any other GAAP measurement as an indicator of our operating performance or as an alternative to cash flow from operating, investing, and financing activities as a measure of our liquidity.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of net income to FFO and CFFO for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share information):
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Amount
Per Share(1)
Amount
Per Share(2)
Amount
Per Share(1)
Amount
Per Share(2)
Net income
$
10,555
$
0.05
$
10,988
$
0.05
$
28,515
$
0.12
$
19,861
$
0.09
Adjustments:
Real estate depreciation and amortization
53,757
0.23
53,701
0.23
107,149
0.46
106,989
0.46
Our share of real estate depreciation and amortization from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
598
—
575
—
1,196
0.01
994
—
Loss on impairment (gain on sale) of real estate assets net, excluding prepayment gains
336
—
—
—
(9,273)
(0.04)
(314)
—
FFO
$
65,246
$
0.28
$
65,264
$
0.28
$
127,587
$
0.55
$
127,530
$
0.55
FFO
$
65,246
$
0.28
$
65,264
$
0.28
$
127,587
$
0.55
$
127,530
$
0.55
Adjustments:
Other depreciation and amortization
370
—
283
—
701
—
531
—
Casualty losses
465
0.01
680
0.01
2,767
0.01
831
0.01
Loan (premium accretion) discount amortization, net
(2,283)
(0.01)
(2,737)
(0.01)
(4,679)
(0.02)
(5,493)
(0.02)
Prepayment (gains) losses on asset dispositions
(184)
—
—
—
(1,105)
—
(670)
—
Gain on extinguishment of debt
—
—
—
—
(203)
—
—
—
Other expense
—
—
192
—
1
—
234
—
Restructuring costs
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,213
0.01
CFFO
$
63,614
$
0.28
$
63,682
$
0.28
$
125,069
$
0.54
$
126,176
$
0.55
(1)Based on 230,734,872 and 230,652,876 weighted-average shares and units outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
(2)Based on 230,369,086 and 230,278,208 weighted-average shares and units outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
Same-Store Portfolio Net Operating Income
We believe that Net Operating Income (“NOI”), a non-GAAP financial measure, is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance. We define NOI as total property revenues less total property operating expenses, excluding interest expenses, depreciation and amortization, casualty related costs and gains, property management expenses, general and administrative expense, net gains on sale of assets, and restructuring costs. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI, and accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. We believe that this measure provides an operating perspective not immediately apparent from GAAP operating income or net income insofar as the measure reflects only operating income and expense at the property level. We use NOI to evaluate performance on a same-store and non same-store basis because NOI measures the core operations of property performance by excluding corporate level expenses, financing expenses, and other items not related to property operating performance and captures trends in rental housing and property operating expenses. However, NOI should only be used as an alternative measure of our financial performance.
Same-Store Properties and Same-Store Portfolio
We review our same-store portfolio at the beginning of each calendar year. Properties are added into the same-store portfolio if they were owned and not a development property at the beginning of the previous year. Properties that are held for sale or have been sold are excluded from the same-store portfolio.
Non Same-Store Properties and Non Same-Store Portfolio
Properties that did not meet the definition of a same-store property as of the beginning of the previous year are added into the non same-store portfolio.
A development property is a property that is either currently under development or is in lease-up prior to reaching overall occupancy of 90%.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of GAAP net income to Same-Store Portfolio NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
% change
2024
2023
% change
Net income
$
10,555
$
10,988
(3.9)
%
$
28,515
$
19,861
43.6
%
Other revenue
(298)
(354)
(15.8)
%
(501)
(594)
(15.7)
%
Property management expenses
7,666
6,818
12.4
%
15,165
13,189
15.0
%
General and administrative expenses
6,244
5,910
5.7
%
14,624
14,063
4.0
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
54,127
53,984
0.3
%
107,850
107,520
0.3
%
Casualty losses
465
680
(31.6)
%
2,767
831
233.0
%
Interest expense
17,460
22,227
(21.4)
%
38,063
44,351
(14.2)
%
Loss on impairment (gain on sale) of real estate assets, net
152
—
100.0
%
(10,378)
(985)
953.6
%
Gain on extinguishment of debt
—
—
—
%
(203)
—
(100.0)
%
Other loss (income), net
—
72
(100.0)
%
1
(21)
(104.8)
%
Loss from investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
850
1,205
(29.5)
%
1,679
1,981
(15.2)
%
Restructuring costs
—
—
—
%
—
3,213
(100.0)
%
NOI
97,221
101,530
(4.2)
%
197,582
203,409
(2.9)
%
Less: Non same-store portfolio NOI
2,293
9,155
(75.0)
%
8,283
18,897
(56.2)
%
Same-store portfolio (a) NOI
$
94,928
$
92,375
2.8
%
$
189,299
$
184,512
2.6
%
(a)Same-Store Portfolio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 included 108 properties containing 32,153 units.
Average Effective Monthly Rent per Unit
Average effective rent per unit represents the average of gross rent amounts, divided by the average occupancy (in units) for the period presented. We believe average effective rent is a helpful measurement in evaluating average pricing. This metric, when presented, reflects the average effective rent per month.
Average Occupancy
Average occupancy represents the average occupied units for the reporting period divided by the average of total units available for rent for the reporting period.
Set forth below is Same-Store Portfolio (a) NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per unit data):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
% change
2024
2023
% change
Revenue:
Rental and other property revenue
$
153,969
$
148,645
3.6
%
$
304,587
$
294,346
3.5
%
Property Operating Expenses
Real estate taxes
18,626
18,576
0.3
%
37,596
37,055
1.5
%
Property insurance
4,014
3,600
11.5
%
8,164
6,566
24.3
%
Personnel expenses
12,806
11,745
9.0
%
25,005
22,870
9.3
%
Utilities
7,460
7,063
5.6
%
15,173
14,416
5.3
%
Repairs and maintenance
6,495
5,997
8.3
%
11,320
11,443
(1.1)
%
Contract services
5,886
5,941
(0.9)
%
10,987
11,038
(0.5)
%
Advertising expenses
2,065
1,592
29.7
%
3,661
2,894
26.5
%
Other expenses
1,689
1,756
(3.8)
%
3,382
3,552
(4.8)
%
Total property operating expenses
59,041
56,270
4.9
%
115,288
109,834
5.0
%
Same-store portfolio NOI
$
94,928
$
92,375
2.8
%
$
189,299
$
184,512
2.6
%
Same-store portfolio NOI Margin
61.7
%
62.1
%
(0.4)
%
62.1
%
62.7
%
(0.6)
%
Average Occupancy
95.4
%
94.2
%
1.2
%
94.9
%
93.7
%
1.2
%
Average effective monthly rent, per unit
$
1,555
$
1,531
1.6
%
$
1,553
$
1,529
1.6
%
(a)Same-Store Portfolio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 included 108 properties containing 32,153 units.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain investments, pay distributions and other general business needs. We believe our available cash balances, financing arrangements and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our liquidity requirements with respect to our existing portfolio for the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.
Our primary cash requirements are to:
•make investments to continue our value add initiatives to improve the quality and performance of our properties;
•repay our indebtedness;
•fund costs necessary to maintain our properties;
•continue funding our current real estate developments until completion;
•pay our operating expenses; and
•distribute a minimum of 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain) and to make investments in a manner that enables us to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We intend to meet our liquidity requirements primarily through a combination of one or more of the following:
•the use of our cash and cash equivalents of $21.0 million as of June 30, 2024;
•existing and future unsecured financing, including advances under our unsecured credit facility, and financing secured directly or indirectly by the apartment properties in our portfolio;
•net cash proceeds from property sales, including sales undertaken as part of our capital recycling strategy and other sales; and
•proceeds from the sales of our common stock and other equity securities, including common stock that may be sold under our ATM program.
Cash Flows
As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, we maintained cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash of approximately $47.4 million and $42.5 million, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents were generated from the following activities (dollars in thousands):
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
Cash flow provided by operating activities
$
127,080
$
127,194
Cash flow provided by (used in) investing activities
238,553
(83,959)
Cash flow used in financing activities
(368,967)
(44,740)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
(3,334)
(1,505)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period
50,732
44,017
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of the period
$
47,398
$
42,512
Our cash inflows from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were primarily driven by ongoing operations of our properties.
Our cash inflows from investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were primarily due to $320.6 million of proceeds from the disposition of six properties under our Portfolio Optimization and Deleveraging Strategy and $3.5 million of proceeds from insurance claims, partially offset by $55.7 million of capital expenditures, $26.9 million of investments in real estate under development and $3.0 million of investments in unconsolidated real estate entities. Our cash outflows from investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to $67.2 million of capital expenditures, $21.7 million of investments in unconsolidated real estate entities, and $30.6 million of investments in real estate under development, partially offset by $35.6 million of proceeds from one property disposition.
Our cash outflows from financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were primarily due to unsecured credit facility and mortgage principal repayments of $422.3 million, payment of dividends on our common stock and noncontrolling interests of $74.0 million, partially offset by $131.0 million of draws on our unsecured revolver. Our cash outflows from financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to payment of dividends on our common stock and noncontrolling interests of $64.7 million partially offset by $27.5 million of net draws on our unsecured revolver.
Contractual Obligations
Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a table of contractual obligations. There were no material changes to these obligations since the filing of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There were no off-balance sheet arrangements during the six months ended June 30, 2024 that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our interests.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a discussion of our critical accounting policies. Management discusses our critical accounting policies and management’s judgments and estimates with the audit committee of our board of directors. There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.
Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a discussion of qualitative and quantitative market risks. There have been no material changes in quantitative and qualitative market risks during the six months ended June 30, 2024 from the disclosures included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Effective as of June 30, 2024, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation referred to above during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business operations. Matters which arise out of allegations of bodily injury, property damage, and employment practices are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Starting around November 2022, putative class action representatives began filing complaints in various United States District Courts across the country naming as defendants RealPage, Inc. (“RealPage”), a seller of revenue management products, and approximately 50 defendants who own and/or manage multifamily residential rental housing, alleging that the defendants conspired to fix, raise, maintain, and stabilize rent prices in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. Some of the complaints, including one filed on November 14, 2022 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, named us as one of the defendants, and others did not. On April 10, 2023, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation issued an order transferring the cases to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee for coordinated and consolidated pretrial proceedings, where plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint. We filed an answer to the consolidated complaint and asserted affirmative defenses. We deny all allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend against these claims vigorously.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have not been any material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, holders of IROP units exchanged 0 and 4,928 units, respectively, for 0 and 4,928 shares, respectively, of our common stock. The issuance of these shares upon exchange of the units was exempt from registration under the Securities Act, pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. As of June 30, 2024, 5,941,643 IROP units held by unaffiliated third parties remained outstanding.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we withheld shares of common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations payable upon the vesting of restricted common stock awards as follow:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Price Paid per Share (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2)
Apr 2024
4,721
$
15.65
—
$
250,000
May 2024
—
—
—
250,000
Jun 2024
—
—
—
250,000
Total
4,721
$
15.65
—
(1)The price reported is the average price paid per share using our closing price on the NYSE on the vesting date of the relevant award.
(2)On May 18, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the Stock Repurchase Program covering up to $250,000 in shares of our common stock. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, we, in our discretion, may purchase our shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of the purchases will depend on a number of factors, including the price and availability of our shares, trading volumes and general market conditions. The Stock Repurchase Program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, none of the Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company did not adopt, terminate or modify a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.
Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials, formatted in iXBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and (vi) notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2024.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
* Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. IRT agrees to furnish supplementally to the SEC a copy of any omitted schedule upon request by the SEC.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.