factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these
statements are not guarantees of any future events or financial results, and our actual results may differ materially
due to a variety of important factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors, which may be revised or
supplemented in subsequent reports we file with the SEC, include, among others, the following: (1) our ability to
deliver new products, services, technologies and customer experiences in response to increased competition and
changing consumer needs and preferences; (2) our ability to attract and retain talented and highly skilled employees;
(3) our ability to timely fund and introduce new and improved vehicle models, including EVs, that are able to attract
a sufficient number of consumers; (4) our ability to profitably deliver a strategic portfolio of EVs; (5) adoptions of
EVs by consumers; (6) the success of our current line of ICE vehicles, particularly our full-size sport utility vehicles
(SUVs) and full-size pickup trucks; (7) our highly competitive industry, which has been historically characterized by
excess manufacturing capacity and the use of incentives, and the introduction of new and improved vehicle models
by our competitors; (8) the unique technological, operational, regulatory and competitive risks related to our
refocused autonomous vehicle (AV) strategy on personal vehicles; (9) risks associated with climate change,
including increased regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, our transition to EVs and the potential increased
impacts of severe weather events; (10) global automobile market sales volume, which can be volatile; (11)
inflationary pressures and persistently high prices and uncertain availability of raw materials and commodities used
by us and our suppliers, and instability in logistics and related costs; (12) our business in China, which is subject to
unique operational, competitive, regulatory and economic risks; (13) the success of our ongoing strategic business
relationships, particularly with respect to facilitating access to raw materials necessary for the production of EVs,
and of our joint ventures, which we cannot operate solely for our benefit and over which we may have limited
control; (14) the international scale and footprint of our operations, which expose us to a variety of unique political,
economic, competitive and regulatory risks, including the risk of changes in government leadership and laws
(including labor, trade, tax and other laws), political uncertainty or instability and economic tensions between
governments and changes in international trade policies, new barriers to entry and changes to or withdrawals from
free trade agreements, introduction of new tariffs or changes to announced tariffs directly and indirectly applicable
to our industry, changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates, economic downturns in the countries in which
we operate, differing local product preferences and product requirements, changes to and compliance with U.S. and
foreign countries' export controls and economic sanctions, differing labor regulations, requirements and union
relationships, differing dealer and franchise regulations and relationships, difficulties in obtaining financing in
foreign countries, and public health crises, including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness; (15) any
significant disruption, including any work stoppages, at any of our manufacturing facilities; (16) the ability of our
suppliers to deliver parts, systems and components without disruption and at such times to allow us to meet
production schedules; (17) pandemics, epidemics, disease outbreaks and other public health crises; (18) the
possibility that competitors may independently develop products and services similar to ours, or that our intellectual
property rights are not sufficient to prevent competitors from developing or selling those products or services; (19)
our ability to manage risks related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other disruptions to our information
technology systems and networked products, including connected vehicles; (20) our ability to manage security
breaches and other disruptions to our in-vehicle systems; (21) our ability to comply with increasingly complex,
restrictive and punitive regulations relating to our enterprise data practices, including the collection, use, sharing and
security of the personal information of our customers, employees or suppliers; (22) our ability to comply with
extensive laws, regulations and policies applicable to our industry, operations and products, including those in the
One Big Beautiful Bill Act and/or relating to fuel economy, emissions and AVs; (23) costs and risks associated with
litigation and government investigations; (24) the costs and effect on our reputation of product safety recalls and
alleged defects in products and services; (25) any additional tax expense or exposure or failure to fully realize
available tax incentives; (26) our continued ability to develop captive financing capability through General Motors
Financial Company, Inc.; and (27) any significant increase in our pension funding requirements. A further list and
discussion of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-
K and our subsequent filings with the SEC.