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October 15, 2025

Fellow Shareholders,

For the third quarter, we recorded net income to common stockholders of $0.9 million, or $0.04 per diluted share. Our results include certain non-core expenses totaling $4.4 million which were largely due to previously announced restructuring efforts. There is further detail on non-core items at the end of this letter.[1]

During the quarter, we continued to execute the strategy we have articulated for several prior quarters — investing through the cycle and proving the power of our integrated network and platform. We are beginning to realize the benefits of our investments and efficiency initiatives, which is showing up in our financial results.

CEO Summary of Key Points
Transportation Revenue Growth & Outlook. Our Payments revenue grew 7.4% q/o/q; EBITDA margin improved to 16.8%, and we generated positive pretax operating income in the segment for the first time. Factoring revenue was up slightly and core operating margin improved. Intelligence revenue was flat. In a difficult market, we grew total transportation revenue 3.7% q/o/q in 3Q[2]. I stand by my statement in the last earnings call that we expect our transportation revenue to grow 20% annually.
Expense Reduction & Margin Improvement. We reduced total expenses by ~5% through our efficiency efforts in 3Q, and 90% of those savings are in our run rate as we begin 4Q. We expect the remaining savings to be in place by year-end. These restructuring efforts were not a one-and-done event; they are representative of the evolution of our business I've been alluding to for the last few quarters. We are now at the point of properly monetizing our platform and Network and improving efficiency. Our work to become leaner and more efficient is far from done, and we expect to progress on this front in 2026. The investments we have made in AI tools are bearing the expected fruit, and we continue to find new ways to incorporate these tools into our operations, as I discuss later. We project 4Q expenses to be $96.5 million, which is 4.5% below adjusted 2Q 2025 numbers. The following table shows the expense reductions segment and adjusts for the impact of non-recurring items.
Noninterest Expense
in millionsReported 2Q25Reported 3Q25Adjusted 2Q25Adjusted 3Q25Adjusted QoQ $Adjusted QoQ %
Factoring$14.1 $19.1 $19.5 $18.0 $(1.5)(7.7)%
Payments$16.8 $17.1 $16.8 $16.6 $(0.2)(1.2)%
Intelligence (partial qtr 2Q)$7.7 $5.9 $4.7 $5.7 $1.0 21.3 %
Banking$32.0 $31.7 $32.0 $31.2 $(0.8)(2.5)%
Corporate$30.2 $29.9 $28.1 $27.8 $(0.3)(1.1)%
     Total$100.8 $103.7 $101.1 $99.3 $(1.8)(1.8)%
Note - adjusted to exclude, as appropriate, the expense impacts of USPS and other nonrecurring items highlighted in 2Q reporting,
and restructuring expense related non-recurring items in 3Q (see footnotes [1,3]).

Credit. The market noise around Tricolor was unexpected and unfortunate. We have more to learn about the outcome of this credit, but at present we believe we remain adequately secured. Our collateral is of a different nature than lenders who may take the largest losses, and we have been diligent in monitoring it. In a war no one wants to be involved in, we like our battlefield position better than most others. Nevertheless, this type of lending is not core to our strategy, and investors should expect us to continue to shrink our non-transportation footprint.
Share Repurchase Announcement. We believe our current share price does not reflect the intrinsic value of Triumph. As of today, our board authorized a $30 million share repurchase program. We have consistently told investors that we have three potential outlets for excess capital: (i) as a buffer against the unknown, (ii) to pursue

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acquisitions that enhance the value we deliver to the transportation industry, and (iii) to reduce our share count. We will always maintain a capital cushion above regulatory requirements. For as long as our stock trades near current levels, we expect to use a portion of our earnings to buy back shares.

Our Strategy and The Harmony of a Customer-Centric Organization

Triumph is a technology and payments provider to the trucking industry. We connect brokers, carriers, shippers, and factors to improve their data strategy, payments, and working capital. Our goal is to serve our customers through the integrated value chain we are building, which is transforming the financial infrastructure of trucking, leading to improved margins, greater profitability, and reduced fraud and waste for all our stakeholders. Our competitive advantage in furtherance of this goal comes from the system of reinforcing activities across audit, payments, liquidity solutions, digital banking, and intelligence. No single competitor offers this full suite of services, nor can they easily replicate it. It took five years to lay the foundation, but we believe the integrated, reinforcing power of this value chain will drive sustainable revenue growth and margin expansion for our shareholders.
1.Audit – reducing the time and effort required to process invoices through automation and efficiency at scale
2.Payments – improving transactional confidence by efficiently making remittances to the right party at the right time while mitigating fraud
3.Liquidity Solutions – factoring, supply chain finance ("SCF"), Factoring-as-a-Service ("FaaS"), quickpay and cash advances that turn freight receivables into cash as well as equipment financing
4.Digital Banking+ – a business bank account integrated with our Network to allow for the seamless movement of money, plus an integrated set of tools to serve as the hub of a carrier’s back office
5.Intelligence – fraud protection, pricing, capacity and performance insights powered by our data
Each of these activities reinforces others, creating a competitive advantage rivals cannot copy piecemeal. As examples, our audit and payments processes feed transactional data to our Intelligence platform, and our payments Network and liquidity solutions connect directly to LoadPay, our digital banking product. It is difficult for any company to achieve competence in multiple products, but when all these products are fully integrated and working in harmony, it will create greater customer and shareholder value.
customerverticals.jpg
Reorganizing around a customer-centric view better serves our clients and creates efficiencies for the enterprise. Using a product-centric approach as we built density was appropriate, but to achieve the long-term revenue growth and margin improvement goals we have set, this is now the best path forward.

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In hindsight, none of us comprehended how bad the freight market of 2021-2022 was going to be for trucking. In fact, I think that the issues created by that market distortion have been a net negative for Triumph and the industry, despite the short-term boost to our stock price. The unprecedented growth created an all-hands-on-deck situation that became a desperate attempt to hold the sail while market tailwinds pushed us along. That same tailwind also brought with it a flood of capacity that the government has struggled to properly regulate, license and track. Organized crime also took advantage of this chaos. These elements have always been part of the trucking industry, but they are more present in the supply chain now than ever before. I am encouraged that our government is beginning to focus on this issue. Truckers should not have to bend or break the rules just to compete against a shadow market.

Our focus is now squarely on two things: (i) serving our customers with excellence as an indispensable partner, and (ii) growing revenue and improving margins to create long-term shareholder value. Through a major effort and despite the voices of many skeptics and naysayers, we have willed into existence the only financial Network in brokered freight. We have largely done it through the most difficult freight cycle since deregulation in the 1980s. We will continue to expand the value of the Network as we now focus on building returns and delivering a leaner enterprise.
Payments
1.Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter
2.Pricing Changes; Revenue Drivers and Growth Forecasts
3.LoadPay Update
4.Additional Segment Financial Analysis
Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter. Revenue grew 7.4% q/o/q, and EBITDA margin for the quarter improved to 16.8%. Pretax operating income was positive for the first time in 3Q.
September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Current Quarter Q/QCurrent Year Y/Y
For the Qtr EndingChange% ChangeChange% Change
Payments:
Invoice Volume8,826,848 8,500,565 7,182,044 6,788,408 6,278,246 326,283 3.8 %2,548,602 40.6 %
Payment Volume$10,662,418,000 $10,081,206,000 $8,777,825,000 $7,625,735,000 $7,091,493,000 $581,212,000 5.8 %$3,570,925,000 50.4 %
Network Invoice Volume1,057,606 1,004,603 719,531 567,258 661,628 53,003 5.3 %395,978 59.8 %
Network Payment Volume$1,696,817,000 $1,579,662,000 $1,167,464,000 $922,927,000 $1,063,228,000 $117,155,000 7.4 %$633,589,000 59.6 %
Average Invoice Price1,2081,1861,2221,1231,13022 1.9 %78 6.9 %
Network Engagement63.4 %63.3 %50.4 %48.7 %47.8 %0.1 %0.2 %15.6 %32.6 %
Average Float$484,582,000 $469,211,000 $442,901,000 $410,044,000 $363,255,000 $15,371,000 3.3 %$121,327,000 33.4 %
Fee Revenue$8,791,000 $8,105,000 $6,903,000 $6,704,000 $6,611,000 $686,000 8.5 %$2,180,000 33.0 %
Total Revenue$18,503,000 $17,231,000 $15,184,000 $15,031,000 $14,873,000 $1,272,000 7.4 %$3,630,000 24.4 %
# of LoadPay Accounts4,4212,367778192652,054 86.8 %4,356 6701.5 %
LoadPay Funding$53,042,000 $22,212,000 $4,986,000 $777,000 $178 $30,830,000 138.8 %$52,864,000 29698.9 %
Average Interchange Fees1.64 %1.61 %1.76 %1.67 %— %0.03 %1.86 %1.64 %— %
EBITDA margin16.8 %13.9 %(0.1)%8.6 %0.5 %2.9 %20.9 %16.3 %3260.0 %
For 3Q, annualized Network engagement[4] (breadth) was steady at $70 billion, while depth was $114 billion[5]. As a reminder, the breadth of the network represents the percentage of unique brokered freight[6] transactions Triumph has touched at least once regardless of product or segment. The depth of the network is the dollar volume of all transactions in each product or segment. The depth is larger because we touch certain transactions in multiple products and segments. Payment volume increased by 5.8% to $42.6 billion, annualized. Our broker customers represent $38.1 billion of that.
Pricing Changes; Revenue Drivers and Growth Forecasts. Payments revenue grew 7.4% in 3Q to an annualized rate of $74.0 million. While growth over the last two quarters has been driven by new customer additions, we expect our repricing efforts to drive more revenue growth in 4Q 2025 and accelerate in 1Q 2026.

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Anyone can use inflation or a hot market as air cover for price increases. While we see inflationary pressures, we do not have anything resembling a hot market in freight (right now or for the last three years). Investors have asked about the revenue growth trajectory of our existing customer base – specifically, when would we bring legacy customers to our standard pricing. Our position has been that the value we provide our customers would precede monetization. This is how we create long-term value for both customers and shareholders. We have reached that point in the development of the Network. Our experience with recent repricing efforts confirms the logic of our approach. We have proven the increasing value proposition of our payments services to customers, which has allowed us to increase prices towards our standard rates with no customer attrition thus far.
Importantly, fee revenue represented ~54% of the growth this quarter and should continue to lead our growth. In 3Q, the percentage of payments for which we charged a fee increased from 28.5% to 30.8%. During the quarter, fee revenue for payments increased by $0.7 million, or an annualized $2.7 million.
Closely related to the repricing question, I am often asked about the revenue opportunity of our existing Payments business. Investors and analysts want to be able to forecast the future. I want to do the same. My experience, however, has been that forecasting the Network is hard to do. Perhaps the best way to look at this is on a per invoice basis.
We have sized the brokered freight industry at about $110 billion for several years. When we use that number, we are referring to what brokers pay carriers (not what brokers charge shippers, which would be larger to account for broker margins). That number is directionally correct today given lower invoice sizes, although it is fair to say that brokered freight continues to grow. We can use $1,500 as an average for all truckload invoices. Doing that math, we can estimate about 73 million invoices annually for full truckload freight. If you use our standard rate card for doing both audit and payment, the potential fee revenue for the truckload brokered market is ~$150 million. This is a market dimension of fee revenue, not a target. This does not include revenue potential from our existing embedded liquidity solutions, the value of float, less-than-truckload (“LTL”) audit which we just launched with RXO, and other areas of our future expansion. We will account for the revenue from these offerings in Payments, and cumulatively, these have a larger total revenue opportunity than per invoice audit and payment fees.
In 3Q, we earned $7.1 million in broker noninterest income on 8.8 million invoices. Triumph’s annualized run rate of invoices paid is approximately 35 million invoices, or 47% of all invoices. As a reminder, broker noninterest income includes audit and payment revenues, and we audit some invoices that we do not pay. For purposes of this sizing exercise, we are using invoices that we pay and excluding those where we only perform audit. We earned $0.80 per invoice on average for those payment invoices. Using basic assumptions, we believe there is an opportunity to generate $42 million more revenue per year if existing customers for whom we currently make payments utilized our audit feature and paid standard pricing for audit and payments. It is highly improbable that we will get to 100% of this revenue opportunity in the near term, but the opportunity to grow fee income within our existing client base alone is still a material one. Further, we have growth opportunities to add new clients and monetize the network in other ways, as described below. This repricing exercise to our standard rates isn’t accomplished by just announcing fee increases; we are doing it by individually demonstrating the increasing value of the Network to the broker for their own operation. It is a collaborative approach. If I were on the other side of the negotiation, it’s how I would want to be treated. That’s how we endeavor to do things at Triumph. It may take longer and more work, but it builds loyalty and trust in your brand.
Once again, we recognize that 100% realization on penetration or pricing is not realistic, but we are making demonstrable progress in moving pricing towards standard rates and improving margins while we do it. The ability to cross-sell brokers our other products (e.g., Intelligence) and other modes (e.g., LTL) to deliver more value to their bottom line is also an exciting opportunity. Finally, we will continue to add new customers nearly every quarter.
LoadPay Update. If the broker fee revenue of our original payments business is still less than 50% of its total opportunity, then LoadPay is just getting started. LoadPay is positioned to win for several reasons, but its primary competitive edge is its deep integration and connection into our payments Network. We have previously sized the LoadPay addressable market to be about $100 million, and we stand by that projection.
We added 2,054 LoadPay accounts during the quarter, nearly doubling our total number of accounts to 4,421. With a quarter to go, we can reaffirm our expectation that we will open between 5,000 and 10,000 accounts in 2025. LoadPay functionality is expanding beyond being the leading bank for over-the-road carriers. In 3Q, we started connecting limited

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factoring capabilities for carriers who use both our factoring services and LoadPay banking accounts. This is a first step in expanding LoadPay beyond its banking roots into a full-service financial companion for carriers. In the coming months, we will introduce features which empower carriers to make more informed business decisions and build financial resilience. Features include the ability for carriers to access lane rate insights and savings toward specific goals or recurring costs. We will also begin offering cash advances and insights driven by both the carriers' own behavior/data and industry insights.
Additional Segment Financial Analysis. In the chart below we graphically highlight the continued revenue growth and its trend over the last eight quarters against the backdrop of our payment volumes (note this is payment volume only, not Network engagement). We have generated a roughly 27.8% CAGR in revenue over the last two years and 102% over the last six years despite more than half of that period being part of the longest recession in the history of trucking..
revenuevolumeebitda.jpg
The chart on the next page provides a visual demonstration of how we have increased revenue in our Payments segment to date. The line represents invoice sizes[7], while the bars represent revenue. The revenue bars highlight fee income which can be attributed to a specific customer in a specific year and excludes supply chain finance income and float.

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cohortrevenuefin.jpg
Factoring

1.Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter
2.Automation & AI Update
3.FaaS Update

Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter. Factoring segment pretax operating income was $8.2 million, revenue declined (2.7)% q/o/q, and pretax operating margin was 20.7%. Adjusting for USPS and our restructuring efforts[1,2,3], pretax operating income was $9.3 million, revenue was up 0.3% q/o/q, and pretax operating margin was 23.5%. During 3Q, our average transportation invoice price was $1,690. This is $27 higher than 2Q 2025, but $34 lower than the same period in 2024. Given the two distinct customer profiles we serve — fleets and small owner-operators (“O/O”) — it is helpful to look at the average invoice size separately. This is also interesting as it leverages our data to help explain a common question in trucking: “why are O/O not leaving the system faster?” The average invoice size for our fleet customers was $1,817; for O/O it was $1,317. Said differently, on average, fleet invoices are 38% larger. Compared to 2Q, these numbers represent modest declines of $36 and $16, respectively. Compared to 3Q 2024, fleet average invoice sizes were down $92, while the O/O segment showed a $16 increase. I would offer a few takeaways from this data, although I am not suggesting that these anecdotes fully explain all the countervailing market forces in trucking and in our own client base...doing that would require a much longer letter.

First, it is important to recognize that the O/O has a lower fixed operating cost and more flexibility. They can park their truck, drive for Uber and skip maintenance cycles. I am not saying it is always in their best interest long term to do this, but it allows them to stay in the game longer than many thought possible. Because of a fleet’s large, fixed cost base, they don’t have the same option to sit on the sidelines. This partially explains why O/O invoice sizes have gone up while fleets have not – the O/O market has partially self-regulated.

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Second, O/Os have access to different load offerings and aggregated discounts that were not as prevalent in the last major slowdown in 2009. Taking an Amazon power-only load with shorter hauls between distribution centers can keep O/Os alive, while a fleet would not likely take that load. The fuel discount aggregators have also reduced a major gap between what fleets and O/Os pay for fuel.

The punchline is this; small carriers are suffering for a variety of reasons, but have hung in longer than anyone anticipated. Until there is focused enforcement to ensure the capacity in the system is properly licensed and tracked, low rates are likely here to stay. It is possible we are at an inflection point, but this all happens against the backdrop of trade policy and macroeconomic forces.

Total purchased volume reached $3.0 billion for the quarter, a 4.3% increase over 2Q, and 14.9% over the same quarter in 2024. Invoice volume increased 2.2% this quarter.

September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Current Quarter Q/QCurrent Year Y/Y
For the Qtr EndingChange% ChangeChange% Change
Factoring:
Invoice Volume1,735,860 1,697,851 1,497,644 1,524,904 1,480,824 38,009 2.2 %255,036 17.2 %
Purchased Volume$2,997,895,000 $2,873,659,000 $2,707,805,000 $2,747,351,000 $2,610,177,000 $124,236,000 4.3 %$387,718,000 14.9 %
Average Transportation Invoice Size$1,690 $1,663 $1,769 $1,767 $1,724 $27 1.6 %$(34)(2.0)%
Invoices / Client236 232 204 205 192 1.7 %44 22.9 %
Discount Rate1.29 %1.37 %1.31 %1.34 %1.40 %(0.08)%(5.8)%(0.11)%(7.9)%
Avg Daily Purchases*$46,842,000 $45,614,000 $44,390,000 $43,609,000 $40,784,000 1,228,000 2.7 %6,058,000 14.9 %
Operating margin20.71 %48.46 %19.24 %23.67 %20.99 %(27.75)%(57.3)%(0.28)%(1.3)%
*calculated using number of working days


It is not easy to grow a business of material size and scale at a 20% CAGR consistently for over a decade. We have done so. As we reached nearly $3 billion in purchases last quarter with subdued invoice prices, it reminds me that we have a lot to celebrate in our factoring business.

factoringgrowthfin.jpg


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Automation & AI Update. We remain focused on initiatives that will drive revenue growth and improve operating margin. In 3Q, we launched automated cash posting, delivering a ~20% efficiency lift within our treasury department. We expect that additional enhancements that are underway in this area will further streamline back-office operations and reduce manual effort.
We also introduced our automated bill reminder system, which proactively reaches out to account debtors regarding aged invoices. While currently in beta testing, the early results are promising, showing the capability to touch 10x more invoices than could previously be managed. This allows our staff to focus their time and expertise on exception handling and complex cases rather than routine outreach.
Our instant decision model continues to drive efficiency, with a pass and approval rate of 58% in our O/O segment, enabling these clients to get instant funding when they use LoadPay or our fuel card. Today, the product team is working on improving the model to better support our large fleet operations team, which is currently experiencing a ~15% approval rate. This is custom built AI that is, in my opinion, unrivaled in the industry. We will continue to update our AI models to improve performance, reduce friction, and increase margins.
We also have some exciting initiatives on the horizon, including the automation of our origination process to enhance the client experience and accelerate approvals during the application journey. These efforts will streamline workflow and ensure that applications move through the funnel more efficiently, delivering faster decisions, greater satisfaction for our clients, and the ability to manage more volume without adding expenses.
FaaS Update. FaaS is slowly grinding upwards, but we are beginning to see some inflection in adoption. This is to be expected with an intricate partnership – it takes time to get things in place and work out the kinks. Our partners are deeply committed to the opportunity and recognize the value it brings to their organizations. For example, CHRW has publicly discussed it as an area of growth. While our partners focus on deployment and capitalizing on their unique delivery channels, we continue to advance the technology behind FaaS to deliver a more seamless, efficient, and intuitive experience for our shared clients, positioning us for meaningful growth as adoption accelerates.
Intelligence

1.Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter
2.Product Roadmap
3.Partnership with Highway on the Trusted Freight Exchange
Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter. Total revenue was $2.3 million, our average contract value (ACV) was $43 thousand, and gross margin was 89%.
Product Roadmap. It has been 160 days since we completed the acquisition of Greenscreens.ai. We did not intend to just offer the existing Greenscreens product with a rebranded interface. Our goal was to combine that product with the ISO platform we acquired in December 2024, and to inject existing Triumph data into the combined offering. This has taken a bit of time and explains why revenue remained flat during our first full quarter post-acquisition.
In late September, we launched our integrated Pricing and Performance Intelligence solution. This product unifies pricing, performance, and capacity sourcing into a single data solution for freight brokers. With this tool, brokers can see rate, performance, and embedded capacity information with AI-driven predictive analytics and capacity sourcing suggestions. This solution builds on the AI models we acquired with Greenscreens. By combining real-world performance metrics with predictive analytics, brokers can sharpen their pencil on pricing, making smarter, more efficient decisions, balancing cost and reliability to improve load coverage and overall freight outcomes. Using AI and our proprietary data to do this makes our offering differentiated and highly scalable. I would also mention that we have ~400 Payments Network customers who do not currently use our Intelligence solution or its Greenscreens predecessor, and I would repeat here what I said earlier about treating customers the way we want to be treated to build loyalty and brand trust. If customers can trust you to do one thing well, they are likely to trust you with another. I would expect many of our existing Payments customers to become Intelligence customers in 2026.

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We are also working on our Intelligence solutions for shippers to enable strategic rate and performance benchmarking and transportation procurement. The first phase of this initiative will see us establish a pilot program to achieve critical mass of shipper intelligence data with an expected commercial offering by the second half of 2026. This product would focus on the aggregation of information derived from participating Shippers, as opposed to Brokers, in an effort to provide a targeted solution for this market.
Partnership with Highway on the Trusted Freight Exchange. Our work continues in our partnership with Highway to power portions of their Trusted Freight Exchange (TFX). TFX is a secure alternative to public loadboards. As Highway continues to build density within their two-sided freight exchange, we are actively integrating various Intelligence and liquidity solutions capabilities to enhance the experience for carriers and brokers.
In TFX, carriers can access market rate ranges in the context of each load they evaluate using our Intelligence rate data. Carriers are also able to understand the specific payment terms available to them on a given load by incorporating the capabilities of our Payments platform. There are additional liquidity solutions in development for carriers on loads posted from brokers who are Payments customers. We will provide more details on this in future quarters.

Banking

1.Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter
2.Update on Credit Metrics

Analysis of Financial and Operational Performance for the Quarter. Banking segment operating income increased $0.7 million to $27.1 million, or 2.7%, from the prior quarter, on lower noninterest and credit loss expense, while revenue was marginally higher.
Update on Credit Metrics. The credit risk in our business is generally low, but we must be diligent against fraud. When introducing investors to Triumph, we stress the quick turn of our portfolio where the receivables portion turns about every 37 days, our mortgage warehouse portfolio turns about every three weeks, and 70% of the entire portfolio will turn in under one year. Our allowance for credit losses reflects these fast-turning portfolios and, when those specifics are accounted for, the rest of the portfolio reserves are in-line with most community banks. Our credit outlook and expectations remain in line with our comments on last quarter’s earnings call.
Fraud is something against which we maintain constant vigilance. Despite that, in mid-September, we issued an 8-K related to Tricolor’s bankruptcy announcement. Although we do not yet know the details, there have been public statements that Tricolor had engaged in fraud. We have $22.5 million of a $60 million facility. Our exposure is through a floorplan lending facility secured by vehicle inventory with a perfected first lien position. This perfected status should give us priority in repayment. As of now, we can identify thousands of vehicles we believe are collateral that adequately secure our loan and as such it would not be appropriate to record a specific loss reserve at this time. Should the bankruptcy process lead us to a place where our beliefs around the nature of that collateral is no longer correct, we will evaluate accordingly. Going forward, we will continue to review our portfolio in light of our strategic focus on transportation.
Credit metrics for the quarter generally moved modestly negatively, largely influenced by Tricolor.
Total non-performing loans to total loans increased by 0.16% to 1.36%.
Total classified assets increased by $8.2 million.
Past due to total loans improved by 0.30% to 1.91%.

Freight Market Update
State of the US Trucking Market. The U.S. trucking industry remains in a prolonged correction phase caused by excess capacity built during the post-Covid boom. Supply continues to exceed demand, leading to stagnant rates and margin pressures for carriers. Gradual capacity rationalization and modest economic growth signals potential stabilization, though key metrics continue to send mixed signals.

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Trucking capacity remains oversupplied, keeping rates near or below breakeven for carriers due to structural challenges from private fleet insourcing and slow exits among O/O. Key drivers of these challenges include uncertainty around tariffs (particularly tariffs on heavy duty imports, raw materials, and manufacturing components) as well as the FMCSA’s Interim Final Ruling “Restoring Integrity to the Issuance of Non-Domiciled Commercial Drivers Licenses”. The FMCSA IFR states: “There are roughly 200,000 non-domiciled CDL holders, which is approximately five percent of the 3.8 million active interstate CDL holders in 2024. A focus on enforcement of non-domiciled capacity issues could create material benefits for legitimate American small businesses, restoring some pricing power to small U.S. carriers. FMCSA anticipates that these non-domiciled drivers will exit the market within approximately two years as their credential comes up for renewal, and that the market will respond to this change in capacity as it has in the past, with rates adjusting and drivers and carriers entering the market where needed.” We would add to this statement that while the 3.8 million number is accurate as a total, it is more precise to say that 1.0 - 1.3 million drivers work in for-hire freight (as opposed to company owned fleets). We believe that a significant proportion of non-domiciled CDL holders work in the for-hire market, which is the market we primarily serve. If the enforcement actions proceed, it will likely have a bigger impact on the for-hire market than the overall market.
Expense Forecast & Closing Thoughts

As I noted at the beginning of the letter, there was noise this quarter related to our restructuring efforts, but those benefits are evidenced in our improving core expense run rate. We will not see the full benefit of those savings until 4Q, and project 4Q noninterest expense to be approximately $96.5 million. We are not done in our pursuit of greater efficiencies for our enterprise, and we expect to make additional progress in 2026.

While we are pursuing expense discipline, we remain committed to strategic investments, helping our broker customers ensure they are dealing with legitimate capacity and helping our carriers ensure they are working with legitimate and solvent payors.

I am excited about our Network and platform and the work we are doing in that ecosystem today to deliver unique value to our customers, helping them capture efficiency, improve margins, and generate new sources of revenue. While they do that, we will continue to innovate to help them capitalize on the opportunities tomorrow’s challenges will bring.
With warm regards,

Aaron P. Graft
Founder, Vice Chairman and CEO

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[1]Summary of nonrecurring items highlighted in 2Q25 and 3Q25.
(in millions)2Q253Q25
Factoring
Noninterest expense$14.1 $19.1 
Salaries and benefitsRestructuring costs— (1.1)
Professional FeesUSPS - Recovery of legal expense7.4 — 
OtherOther Legal Settlements(2.0)— 
Adjusted noninterest expense$19.5 $18.0 
Payments
Noninterest expense$16.8 $17.1 
Salaries and benefitsRestructuring costs— (0.5)
Adjusted noninterest expense$16.8 $16.6 
Intelligence (partial qtr 2Q)
Noninterest expense$7.7 $5.9 
Salaries and benefitsRestructuring costs— (0.2)
Professional feesGreenscreens transaction costs(3.0)— 
Adjusted noninterest expense$4.7 $5.7 
Banking
Noninterest expense$32.0 $31.7 
Salaries and benefitsRestructuring costs— (0.5)
Adjusted noninterest expense$32.0 $31.2 
Corporate
Noninterest expense$30.2 $29.9 
Salaries and benefits and Professional feesRestructuring costs— (2.1)
Other and Amortization of intangiblesNew HQ termination fees and accelerated amortization(2.1)— 
Adjusted noninterest expense$28.1 $27.8 
Total
Noninterest expense$100.8 $103.7 
Salaries and benefits and Professional feesRestructuring costs— (4.4)
Professional FeesUSPS - Recovery of legal expense7.4 — 
Professional feesGreenscreens transaction costs(3.0)— 
OtherOther Legal Settlements(2.0)— 
Other and Amortization of intangiblesNew HQ termination fees and accelerated amortization(2.1)— 
Adjusted noninterest expense$101.1 $99.3 



11


[2]Summary of nonrecurring items and highlighted in 2Q25 and 3Q25.
(in millions)2Q253Q25
Factoring
Total Revenue$40.8 $39.7 
Noninterest IncomeIntersegment Noninterest Income(0.9)(0.9)
Interest Income and FeesUSPS - Collection of fees(1.2)— 
Adjusted Total Revenue$38.7 $38.8 
Payments
Total Revenue$17.2 $18.5 
     Noninterest IncomeIntersegment Noninterest Income(0.4)(0.3)
No AdjustmentsNo Adjustments— — 
Adjusted Total Revenue$16.8 $18.2 
Intelligence (partial qtr 2Q)
Total Revenue$1.7 $2.3 
No AdjustmentsNo Adjustments— — 
Adjusted Total Revenue$1.7 $2.3 
Total Transportation Revenue*
Total revenue$59.7 $60.5 
Noninterest IncomeIntersegment Noninterest Income(1.3)(1.2)
Interest Income and FeesUSPS - Collection of fees(1.2)— 
Adjusted Total Transportation Revenue$57.2 $59.3 
Annualized Adjusted Total Transportation Revenue$228.8 $237.2 
*Presented this quarter and going forward excluding intracompany noninterest revenue.

[3]Summary of 2Q nonrecurring items included in 2Q reporting.
Broad CategoryIncome Statement
Line Item
SegmentDescription$ Impact
Interest incomeInterest income and feesFactoringUSPS - Collection of fees$1,213,000
Noninterest expenseProfessional FeesFactoringUSPS - Recovery of legal expense$7,376,000
Credit loss expenseCredit loss expenseFactoringUSPS - ACL Recovery$3,773,000
Net impact of USPS settlement$12,362,000
Noninterest expenseProfessional FeesIntelligenceGreenscreens transaction costs$(3,024,000)
Noninterest expenseOther Noninterest ExpenseFactoringOther Legal Settlements$(2,000,000)
Noninterest expenseOther & Amortization of intangiblesCorporateNew HQ termination fees and accelerated amortization.$(2,067,000)
Net impact of other non-recurring items$(7,091,000)
Pre-tax operating income impact$5,271,000
Income Tax ExpenseIncome Tax ExpenseAll SegmentsEquity award vesting and non-deductible transaction expenses$(1,100,000)

[4] We define Network engagement as the amount of freight touched through our payments, audit, full AP automation and rate intelligence products. It is an indicator of our broker volume density in the market, the source for growing available Network transactions and data assets, and a key value driver of the Network.

[5] The step up this quarter in depth is mostly related to the inclusion of all of Triumph Factoring's broker related volumes as well as continued improvement in our data validation processes. Triumph Factoring's data in 2Q only included the associated TriumphPay Audit volumes in keeping with our historical reporting practices.

[6] This reference to brokered freight is specific to domestic truckload (TL) freight only. Thus, this calculation would exclude less than truckload (LTL), parcel, etc. It would also exclude shipper volumes. Admittedly, this is a difficult percentage to calculate with precision, and it will move from year to year. That being said, we can evaluate the number of payments received in our factoring segment as a proxy for the percentage of TL freight Triumph

12


Payments is touching and also use industry data points to make informed assumptions. In the end, this goal is not intended to be a precise measurement in the same way as we would measure earnings. It is a directional and blunt measurement of the reach of the Network.

[7] Average invoice sizes in our payments segment are generally smaller than average invoice sizes in our factoring segment as a transportation factor generally will only factor long-haul trucking invoices. Less than truckload (LTL) and parcel typically are not regularly serviced by the transportation factoring industry due to their small ticket size. Our payments business pays all transportation invoices of a freight broker and, as such, includes some LTL, parcel and shorter hauls that a transportation factor normally will not service.

[8] Recurring cohort revenue is defined as quickpay revenue and fee revenue attributable to customers onboarded in the annual cohorts shown. It does not include non-recurring fees or gains, float revenue, or other supply chain finance income aside from quickpays. Average Invoice size presented excludes shipper and freight broker factoring invoices.




13


Conference Call Information
Aaron P. Graft, Vice Chairman and CEO, and Brad Voss, CFO, will review the financial results in a conference call with investors and analysts beginning at 9:30 a.m. central time on Thursday, October 16, 2025.
The live video conference option may be accessed directly through this link, https://triumph-financial-q3-2025-earnings.open-exchange.net/ or via the Company's IR website at ir.triumph.io through the News & Events, Events & Presentations links. An archive of this conference call will subsequently be available at this same location, referenced above, on the Company’s website.
About Triumph Financial
Triumph Financial, Inc. (NYSE: TFIN) is a financial and technology company focused on payments, factoring, intelligence and banking to modernize and simplify freight transactions. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, its portfolio of brands includes Triumph, TBK Bank and LoadPay. ir.triumph.io
Forward-Looking Statements
This letter to shareholders contains forward-looking statements. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “likely,” “intends,” “plans,” “pro forma,” “projects,” “estimates” or “anticipates” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases that are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties, and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements: business and economic conditions generally and in the bank and non-bank financial services industries, nationally and within our local market areas; our ability to mitigate our risk exposures; our ability to maintain our historical earnings trends; changes in management personnel; interest rate risk; concentration of our products and services in the transportation industry; credit risk associated with our loan portfolio; lack of seasoning in our loan portfolio; deteriorating asset quality and higher loan charge-offs; time and effort necessary to resolve non-performing assets; inaccuracy of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for probable loan losses and other estimates; risks related to the integration of acquired businesses and any future acquisitions; our ability to successfully identify and address the risks associated with our possible future acquisitions, and the risks that our prior and possible future acquisitions make it more difficult for investors to evaluate our business, financial condition and results of operations, and impairs our ability to accurately forecast our future performance; lack of liquidity; fluctuations in the fair value and liquidity of the securities we hold for sale; impairment of investment securities, goodwill, other intangible assets or deferred tax assets; our risk management strategies; environmental liability associated with our lending activities; increased competition in the bank and non-bank financial services industries, nationally, regionally or locally, which may adversely affect pricing and terms; the accuracy of our financial statements and related disclosures; material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting; system failures or failures to prevent breaches of our network security; the institution and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings against us or to which we become subject; changes in carry-forwards of net operating losses; changes in federal tax law or policy; the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations, such as the Dodd-Frank Act and their application by our regulators as well as privacy, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence regulation and oversight; governmental monetary and fiscal policies; changes in the scope and cost of FDIC, insurance and other coverages; failure to receive regulatory approval for future acquisitions and increases in our capital requirements.

14


While forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. All forward-looking statements are necessarily only estimates of future results. Accordingly, actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or contemplated by the particular forward-looking statement, and, therefore, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances, except as required by applicable law. For a discussion of such risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see "Risk Factors" and the forward-looking statement disclosure contained in Triumph Financial’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 11, 2025.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This letter to shareholders includes certain non‐GAAP financial measures intended to supplement, not substitute for, comparable GAAP measures. Reconciliations of non‐GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures are provided at the end of this letter to shareholders.


15


The following table sets forth key metrics used by Triumph Financial to monitor our operations. Footnotes in this table can be found in our definitions of non-GAAP financial measures at the end of this document.
As of and for the Three Months EndedAs of and for the Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
September 30,
2025
September 30,
2024
Financial Highlights:
Total assets$6,357,149 $6,494,748 $6,268,394 $5,948,975 $5,866,046 $6,357,149 $5,866,046 
Loans held for investment$4,986,922 $4,953,170 $4,666,223 $4,546,960 $4,332,967 $4,986,922 $4,332,967 
Deposits$4,955,246 $5,186,098 $4,976,750 $4,820,820 $4,706,694 $4,955,246 $4,706,694 
Net income available to common stockholders$907 $3,618 $(784)$3,036 $4,546 $3,741 $9,848 
Performance Ratios - Annualized:
Return on average assets0.11%0.28%%0.26%0.36%0.13%0.29%
Return on average total equity0.73%1.95%0.01%1.70%2.39%0.90%1.85%
Return on average common equity0.41%1.68%(0.37%)1.41%2.14%0.58%1.57%
Return on average tangible common equity (1)
0.76%2.81%(0.53%)2.01%3.07%0.94%2.26%
Yield on loans8.17%8.41%8.37%8.48%8.85%8.31%9.01%
Cost of interest bearing deposits2.36%2.22%2.14%2.17%2.20%2.24%2.18%
Cost of total deposits1.35%1.25%1.23%1.22%1.23%1.28%1.26%
Cost of total funds1.55%1.53%1.45%1.41%1.57%1.51%1.55%
Net interest margin6.29%6.43%6.49%6.65%6.81%6.40%7.05%
Net noninterest expense to average assets5.08%5.13%5.61%5.17%5.29%5.27%5.52%
Asset Quality:(2)
Past due to total loans1.91%2.21%3.24%3.27%2.62%1.91%2.62%
Non-performing loans to total loans1.36%1.20%2.07%2.49%2.62%1.36%2.62%
Non-performing assets to total assets1.10%1.04%1.64%2.02%2.07%1.10%2.07%
ACL to non-performing loans49.53%65.02%37.47%35.93%36.28%49.53%36.28%
ACL to total loans0.67%0.78%0.78%0.90%0.95%0.67%0.95%
Net charge-offs to average loans0.19%0.17%0.13%0.11%0.08%0.49%0.20%
Capital:
Tier 1 capital to average assets(3)
9.55%9.46%12.04%12.03%12.21%9.55%12.21%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets(3)
10.20%9.98%12.90%13.06%13.57%10.20%13.57%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets(3)
8.65%8.43%11.27%11.40%11.85%8.65%11.85%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets12.09%11.95%14.93%15.23%16.62%12.09%16.62%
Total equity to total assets14.46%14.05%14.26%14.98%15.10%14.46%15.10%
Tangible common stockholders' equity to tangible assets(1)
7.87%7.53%9.86%10.33%10.50%7.87%10.50%
Per Share Amounts:
Book value per share$36.79 $36.56 $36.25 $36.16 $35.95 $36.79 $35.95 
Tangible book value per share (1)
$19.70 $19.31 $25.32 $25.13 $25.22 $19.70 $25.22 
Basic earnings per common share$0.04 $0.15 $(0.03)$0.13 $0.19 $0.16 $0.42 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.04 $0.15 $(0.03)$0.13 $0.19 $0.16 $0.42 
Shares outstanding end of period23,763,401 23,727,046 23,419,740 23,391,411 23,387,522 23,763,401 23,387,522 


16


Unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of:
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
ASSETS
Total cash and cash equivalents$147,222 $282,346 $502,944 $330,117 $489,280 
Securities - available for sale378,088 392,275 411,925 381,561 403,186 
Securities - held to maturity, net1,766 1,782 1,731 1,876 2,121 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value4,569 4,526 4,512 4,445 4,583 
Loans held for sale9,741 6,066 2,950 1,172 26 
Loans held for investment4,986,922 4,953,170 4,666,223 4,546,960 4,332,967 
Allowance for credit losses(33,549)(38,691)(36,229)(40,714)(41,243)
Loans, net4,953,373 4,914,479 4,629,994 4,506,246 4,291,724 
FHLB and other restricted stock14,092 13,339 12,987 14,054 7,112 
Premises and equipment, net141,141 149,120 150,247 160,737 156,462 
Capitalized software, net44,934 43,011 40,869 37,971 34,481 
Goodwill353,898 353,900 241,949 241,949 233,709 
Intangible assets, net52,291 55,265 13,963 16,259 17,316 
Bank-owned life insurance64,338 63,787 63,200 62,690 42,381 
Deferred tax asset, net— 3,023 11,868 13,581 10,667 
Other assets191,696 211,829 179,255 176,317 172,998 
Total assets$6,357,149 $6,494,748 $6,268,394 $5,948,975 $5,866,046 
LIABILITIES     
Noninterest bearing deposits$2,095,017 $2,285,327 $2,260,048 $1,964,457 $2,103,092 
Interest bearing deposits2,860,229 2,900,771 2,716,702 2,856,363 2,603,602 
Total deposits4,955,246 5,186,098 4,976,750 4,820,820 4,706,694 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances280,000 180,000 205,000 30,000 30,000 
Subordinated notes69,829 69,780 69,732 69,662 109,072 
Junior subordinated debentures42,829 42,666 42,507 42,352 42,196 
Deferred tax liabilities, net687 — — — — 
Other liabilities89,225 103,822 80,478 95,222 92,320 
Total liabilities5,437,816 5,582,366 5,374,467 5,058,056 4,980,282 
EQUITY     
Preferred Stock45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 
Common stock295 295 292 291 291 
Additional paid-in-capital593,624 588,302 572,143 567,884 564,464 
Treasury stock, at cost(270,619)(270,619)(268,520)(268,356)(268,352)
Retained earnings552,956 552,049 548,431 549,215 546,179 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,923)(2,645)(3,419)(3,115)(1,818)
Total stockholders' equity919,333 912,382 893,927 890,919 885,764 
Total liabilities and equity$6,357,149 $6,494,748 $6,268,394 $5,948,975 $5,866,046 


17


Unaudited consolidated statement of income:
For the Three Months EndedFor the Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
September 30,
2025
September 30,
2024
Interest income:
Loans, including fees$56,400 $54,836 $53,576 $52,493 $52,886 $164,812 $161,338 
Factored receivables, including fees43,841 44,217 38,694 41,351 40,598 126,752 118,535 
Securities5,489 5,721 5,308 6,182 6,500 16,518 17,374 
FHLB and other restricted stock223 246 249 153 379 718 845 
Cash deposits2,987 4,181 4,443 5,299 7,712 11,611 18,945 
Total interest income108,940 109,201 102,270 105,478 108,075 320,411 317,037 
Interest expense:
Deposits17,532 15,505 14,397 14,522 14,041 47,434 41,713 
Subordinated notes661 661 682 1,024 1,227 2,004 3,676 
Junior subordinated debentures1,049 1,035 994 1,129 1,172 3,078 3,518 
Other borrowings1,865 3,322 1,814 996 2,936 7,001 5,481 
Total interest expense21,107 20,523 17,887 17,671 19,376 59,517 54,388 
Net interest income87,833 88,678 84,383 87,807 88,699 260,894 262,649 
Credit loss expense (benefit)4,284 (702)1,330 4,453 4,263 4,912 14,314 
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit)83,549 89,380 83,053 83,354 84,436 255,982 248,335 
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposits1,847 1,742 1,596 1,682 1,865 5,185 5,402 
Card income1,968 1,922 1,797 1,948 2,135 5,687 6,088 
Net gains (losses) on sale of securities— — — (1)— — — 
Net gains (losses) on sale of loans119 190 134 (6)253 443 184 
Fee income14,305 12,755 9,114 9,048 9,129 36,174 26,329 
Insurance commissions1,481 1,282 1,250 1,338 1,472 4,013 4,545 
Other1,728 1,493 3,299 1,742 2,643 6,520 7,115 
Total noninterest income21,448 19,384 17,190 15,751 17,497 58,022 49,663 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits60,192 59,882 58,718 53,943 55,447 178,792 165,637 
Occupancy, furniture and equipment7,862 8,139 8,442 8,112 8,701 24,443 24,902 
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments1,468 894 727 744 679 3,089 1,973 
Professional fees5,228 (320)6,064 5,006 4,734 10,972 12,833 
Amortization of intangible assets2,956 3,400 2,400 2,799 3,600 8,756 9,193 
Advertising and promotion2,209 1,838 1,464 1,545 1,416 5,511 4,638 
Communications and technology12,295 12,315 12,244 12,299 12,422 36,854 38,623 
Software amortization2,868 2,865 1,992 1,831 1,484 7,725 4,015 
Travel and entertainment1,043 1,619 1,492 975 1,431 4,154 4,453 
Other7,593 10,208 6,630 6,021 5,732 24,431 17,093 
Total noninterest expense103,714 100,840 100,173 93,275 95,646 304,727 283,360 
Net income before income tax1,283 7,924 70 5,830 6,287 9,277 14,638 
Income tax expense(425)3,504 53 1,992 940 3,132 2,386 
Net income$1,708 $4,420 $17 $3,838 $5,347 $6,145 $12,252 
Dividends on preferred stock(801)(802)(801)(802)(801)(2,404)(2,404)
Net income available to common stockholders$907 $3,618 $(784)$3,036 $4,546 $3,741 $9,848 


18


Earnings per share:
For the Three Months EndedFor the Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
September 30,
2025
September 30,
2024
Basic
Net income (loss) to common stockholders$907 $3,618 $(784)$3,036 $4,546 $3,741 $9,848 
Weighted average common shares outstanding23,752,331 23,590,119 23,362,400 23,339,651 23,330,635 23,569,712 23,268,887 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share$0.04 $0.15 $(0.03)$0.13 $0.19 $0.16 $0.42 
Diluted
Net income (loss) to common stockholders - diluted$907 $3,618 $(784)$3,036 $4,546 $3,741 $9,848 
Weighted average common shares outstanding23,752,331 23,590,119 23,362,400 23,339,651 23,330,635 23,569,712 23,268,887 
Dilutive effects of:
Assumed exercises of stock options59,389 54,952 — 106,713 95,472 65,104 89,349 
Restricted stock awards— 16,097 — 43,875 40,259 20,410 67,805 
Restricted stock units90,675 89,156 — 153,326 130,331 115,441 129,047 
Performance stock units - market based18,812 17,704 — 223,173 128,157 20,699 117,101 
Employee stock purchase plan3,651 4,627 — 2,711 470 4,083 1,774 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted23,924,858 23,772,655 23,362,400 23,869,449 23,725,324 23,795,449 23,673,963 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share$0.04 $0.15 $(0.03)$0.13 $0.19 $0.16 $0.42 
Shares that were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share because they were antidilutive or have not met the thresholds to be considered in the dilutive calculation are as follows:
For the Three Months EndedFor the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
September 30,
2025
September 30,
2024
Stock options181,647 199,859 253,629 43,582 64,315 141,531 43,389 
Restricted stock awards— — 48,076 — — — — 
Restricted stock units— 5,171 203,812 — 7,500 3,750 7,818 
Performance stock units - market based77,074 56,311 82,020 23,476 — 42,846 24,798 
Employee stock purchase plan— — — — — — — 


19


Loans held for investment summarized as of:
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Commercial real estate$769,314 $754,509 $811,244 $777,689 $762,343 
Construction, land development, land204,247 221,419 204,021 203,804 217,148 
1-4 family residential properties180,970 172,312 159,105 154,020 126,103 
Farmland43,208 44,069 47,311 56,366 57,621 
Commercial1,144,872 1,132,269 1,121,740 1,119,245 1,093,477 
Factored receivables1,424,631 1,401,377 1,350,656 1,204,510 1,201,495 
Consumer17,235 17,520 7,088 8,000 6,990 
Mortgage warehouse1,202,445 1,209,695 965,058 1,023,326 867,790 
Total loans$4,986,922 $4,953,170 $4,666,223 $4,546,960 $4,332,967 
Our banking loan portfolio consists of traditional community bank loans as well as commercial finance product lines focused on businesses that require specialized financial solutions and national lending product lines that further diversify our lending operations.
Banking loans held for investment are further summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Commercial real estate$769,314 $754,509 $811,244 $777,689 $762,343 
Construction, land development, land204,247 221,419 204,021 203,804 217,148 
1-4 family residential180,970 172,312 159,105 154,020 126,103 
Farmland43,208 44,069 47,311 56,366 57,621 
Commercial - General285,571 298,653 274,697 285,469 284,989 
Commercial - Agriculture49,742 48,107 49,529 49,365 52,997 
Commercial - Equipment564,984 543,062 529,359 511,855 488,326 
Commercial - Asset-based lending198,809 192,793 214,000 205,353 205,476 
Commercial - Liquid Credit42,593 47,061 53,075 65,053 59,539 
Consumer17,235 17,520 7,088 8,000 6,990 
Mortgage Warehouse1,202,445 1,209,695 965,058 1,023,326 867,790 
Total banking loans held for investment$3,559,118 $3,549,200 $3,314,487 $3,340,300 $3,129,322 

The following table presents the Company’s operating segments:

20


(Dollars in thousands)TotalCorporate
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025BankingFactoringPaymentsIntelligenceSegments
and Other(1)
Consolidated
Total interest income$64,931 $37,157 $6,769 $— $108,857 $83 $108,940 
Intersegment interest allocations6,657 (9,600)2,943 — — — — 
Total interest expense19,391 — — 19,397 1,710 21,107 
Net interest income (expense)52,197 27,551 9,712 — 89,460 (1,627)87,833 
Credit loss expense (benefit)1,973 2,302 — 4,284 — 4,284 
Net interest income after credit loss expense50,224 25,249 9,703 — 85,176 (1,627)83,549 
Noninterest income8,364 1,585 8,462 2,338 20,749 699 21,448 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits15,349 13,674 8,769 3,767 41,559 18,633 60,192 
Depreciation1,603 449 203 15 2,270 1,431 3,701 
Other occupancy, furniture and equipment2,134 525 152 17 2,828 1,333 4,161 
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments1,468 — — — 1,468 — 1,468 
Professional fees1,194 45 248 131 1,618 3,610 5,228 
Amortization of intangible assets385 193 904 1,360 2,842 114 2,956 
Advertising and promotion416 186 1,221 56 1,879 330 2,209 
Communications and technology4,541 2,251 2,713 381 9,886 2,409 12,295 
Software amortization— 952 1,550 12 2,514 354 2,868 
Travel and entertainment188 108 179 127 602 441 1,043 
Other4,393 702 1,155 70 6,320 1,273 7,593 
Total noninterest expense31,671 19,085 17,094 5,936 73,786 29,928 103,714 
Net intersegment noninterest income (expense)(2)
158 463 (621)— — — — 
Operating income (loss)$27,075 $8,212 $450 $(3,598)$32,139 $(30,856)$1,283 

21


(Dollars in thousands)TotalCorporate
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025BankingFactoringPaymentsIntelligenceSegments
and Other(1)
Consolidated
Total interest income$64,851 $38,040 $6,230 $— $109,121 $80 $109,201 
Intersegment interest allocations6,386 (9,282)2,896 — — — — 
Total interest expense18,825 — — 18,827 1,696 20,523 
Net interest income (expense)52,412 28,756 9,126 — 90,294 (1,616)88,678 
Credit loss expense (benefit)2,219 (2,916)92 — (605)(97)(702)
Net interest income after credit loss expense50,193 31,672 9,034 — 90,899 (1,519)89,380 
Noninterest income7,989 1,811 7,724 1,724 19,248 136 19,384 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits16,001 13,444 8,711 3,234 41,390 18,492 59,882 
Depreciation1,656 468 222 2,353 1,602 3,955 
Other occupancy, furniture and equipment1,896 508 163 14 2,581 1,603 4,184 
FDIC insurance and other regulatory assessments894 — — — 894 — 894 
Professional fees1,801 (7,272)240 2,995 (2,236)1,916 (320)
Amortization of intangible assets385 193 1,418 946 2,942 458 3,400 
Advertising and promotion557 223 669 22 1,471 367 1,838 
Communications and technology5,257 2,438 2,455 278 10,428 1,887 12,315 
Software amortization— 1,125 1,413 — 2,538 327 2,865 
Travel and entertainment306 245 456 130 1,137 482 1,619 
Other3,210 2,770 1,097 84 7,161 3,047 10,208 
Total noninterest expense31,963 14,142 16,844 7,710 70,659 30,181 100,840 
Intersegment noninterest income (expense)(2)
155 413 (568)— — — — 
Operating income (loss)$26,374 $19,754 $(654)$(5,986)$39,488 $(31,564)$7,924 
(1) Includes revenue and expense from the Company’s holding company, which does not meet the definition of an operating segment. Also includes corporate shared service costs such as the majority of salaries and benefits expense for our executive leadership team, as well as other selling, general, and administrative shared services costs including human resources, accounting, finance, risk management and a significant amount of information technology expense.
(2) Intersegment noninterest income (expense) includes:
(Dollars in thousands)BankingFactoringPayments
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Factoring revenue received from Payments$— $911 $(911)
Payments revenue received from Factoring— (329)329 
Banking revenue received from Payments and Factoring158 (119)(39)
Intersegment noninterest income (expense)$158 $463 $(621)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Factoring revenue received from Payments$— $910 $(910)
Payments revenue received from Factoring— (381)381 
Banking revenue received from Payments and Factoring155 (116)(39)
Intersegment noninterest income (expense)$155 $413 $(568)

22


Information pertaining to our Factoring segment, summarized as of and for the quarters ended:
FactoringSeptember 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Factored receivable period end balance$1,193,849,000 $1,174,830,000 $1,146,429,000 $1,032,842,000 $1,031,633,000 
Commercial loans period end balance$3,173,000 $2,593,000 $1,080,000 $2,150,000 $2,150,000 
Yield on average receivable balance(1)
12.63%13.40%12.75%13.36%13.57%
Current quarter charge-off rate(2)
0.33%(0.19%)0.11%0.26%0.07%
Factored receivables - transportation concentration96%96%97%97%97%
Interest income, including fees$37,157,000 $38,040,000 $33,331,000 $35,754,000 $34,905,000 
Noninterest income1,585,000 1,811,000 1,719,000 1,594,000 2,170,000 
Intersegment noninterest income911,000 910,000 911,000 864,000 864,000 
Factoring total revenue39,653,000 40,761,000 35,961,000 38,212,000 37,939,000 
Average net funds employed1,097,229,000 1,065,073,000 948,729,000 950,776,000 915,257,000 
Yield on average net funds employed(1)
14.34%15.35%15.37%15.99%16.49%
Operating income (loss)$8,212,000 $19,754,000 $6,919,000 $9,046,000 $7,963,000 
Factoring total revenue$39,653,000 $40,761,000 $35,961,000 $38,212,000 $37,939,000 
Operating margin(1)
20.71%48.46%19.24%23.67%20.99%
Accounts receivable purchased$2,997,895,000 $2,873,659,000 $2,707,805,000 $2,747,351,000 $2,610,177,000 
Number of invoices purchased1,735,860 1,697,851 1,497,644 1,524,904 1,480,824 
Average invoice size$1,727 $1,693 $1,808 $1,802 $1,763 
Average invoice size - transportation$1,690 $1,663 $1,769 $1,767 $1,724 
Average invoice size - non-transportation$4,381 $3,638 $4,019 $4,867 $4,940 
(1)Operating margin is a non-GAAP financial measure used as a supplemental measure to evaluate the performance of our Factoring segment. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, operating income and factoring total revenue were impacted by $1.2 million of interest and fees resulting from the USPS Settlement and such settlement further impacted operating income by $7.4 million of legal expense accrual reversal and $3.8 million of recovery of factoring balances charged-off in a prior period. Operating income was also impacted by a $2.0 million legal settlement that was unrelated to the USPS Settlement. Such items had a 24.71% impact on operating margin, a 0.43% impact on yield on average receivables, and a 0.46% impact on yield on average net funds employed for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
(2)The current quarter charge-off rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 reflects a $3.8 million recovery of factoring balances charged off in a prior period. Such recovery impacted the current quarter charge-off rate for that period by (0.33%).


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Information pertaining to our Payments segment, summarized as of and for the quarters ended:
PaymentsSeptember 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Supply chain financing factored receivables$157,662,000 $152,054,000 $122,583,000 $107,300,000 $101,336,000 
Quickpay and other factored receivables73,120,000 74,493,000 81,644,000 64,368,000 68,526,000 
Total factored receivable period end balance$230,782,000 $226,547,000 $204,227,000 $171,668,000 $169,862,000 
Total revenue
Supply chain finance interest income$3,895,000 $3,412,000 $2,695,000 $2,789,000 $2,897,000 
Quickpay interest income2,874,000 2,818,000 2,668,000 2,808,000 2,796,000 
Intersegment interest income allocation2,943,000 2,896,000 2,918,000 2,730,000 2,569,000 
Total interest income9,712,000 9,126,000 8,281,000 8,327,000 8,262,000 
Broker noninterest income7,131,000 6,443,000 5,178,000 5,082,000 4,804,000 
Factor noninterest income933,000 993,000 1,233,000 1,346,000 1,339,000 
Other noninterest income398,000 288,000 120,000 (80,000)179,000 
Intersegment noninterest income329,000 381,000 372,000 356,000 289,000 
Total noninterest income8,791,000 8,105,000 6,903,000 6,704,000 6,611,000 
$18,503,000 $17,231,000 $15,184,000 $15,031,000 $14,873,000 
Total expense
Credit loss expense (benefit)$9,000 $92,000 $118,000 $2,000 $(5,000)
Noninterest expense17,094,000 16,844,000 17,113,000 15,820,000 16,598,000 
Intersegment noninterest expense950,000 949,000 944,000 895,000 893,000 
$18,053,000 $17,885,000 $18,175,000 $16,717,000 $17,486,000 
Pre-tax operating income (loss)$450,000 $(654,000)$(2,991,000)$(1,686,000)$(2,613,000)
Depreciation expense203,000 222,000 230,000 243,000 253,000 
Software amortization expense1,550,000 1,413,000 1,196,000 1,049,000 743,000 
Intangible amortization expense904,000 1,418,000 1,551,000 1,687,000 1,687,000 
Earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization(1)
$3,107,000 $2,399,000 $(14,000)$1,293,000 $70,000 
EBITDA Margin(1)
16.8 %13.9 %(0.1)%8.6 %0.5 %
Number of invoices processed8,826,848 8,500,565 7,182,044 6,788,408 6,278,246 
Amount of payments processed$10,662,418,000 $10,081,206,000 $8,777,825,000 $7,625,735,000 $7,091,493,000 
Network invoice volume1,057,606 1,004,603 719,531 567,258 661,628 
Network payment volume$1,696,817,000 $1,579,662,000 $1,167,464,000 $922,927,000 $1,063,228,000 
(1)Earnings (losses) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") and EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures used as supplemental measures to evaluate the performance of our Payments segment.

24


Information pertaining to our Intelligence segment, summarized as of and for the quarters ended:
IntelligenceSeptember 30,
2025
Revenue$2,338,000 
Cost of revenue266,000 
Gross profit2,072,000 
Selling, general and administrative costs5,670,000 
Pre-tax operating income (loss)(3,598,000)
Gross Margin(1)
89 %
*prior periods not meaningful
(1)Gross margin is a non-GAAP financial measure used as supplemental measure to evaluate the performance of our Intelligence segment. Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and benefits and communications and technology costs for employees providing services to the Company's customers. This includes the costs of the Company's personnel performing integration, customer support, third-party data center and customer training activities. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of third party hosting services as well as costs related to bad debt expense. We have elected to exclude amortization expense of capitalized developed software and acquired technology, as well as allocations of fixed asset depreciation expense and occupancy expenses from cost of revenues.


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Deposits summarized as of:
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Non-interest bearing demand$2,095,017 $2,285,327 $2,260,048 $1,964,457 $2,103,092 
Interest bearing demand668,576 694,005 731,477 697,949 700,928 
Individual retirement accounts39,133 40,888 42,344 43,937 46,096 
Money market580,748 565,781 610,120 629,610 606,321 
Savings522,469 517,474 525,133 515,545 533,553 
Certificates of deposit228,415 230,179 231,076 232,232 242,093 
Brokered time deposits705,772 701,059 576,552 490,650 474,611 
Other brokered deposits115,116 151,385 — 246,440 — 
Total deposits$4,955,246 $5,186,098 $4,976,750 $4,820,820 $4,706,694 

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Net interest margin summarized for the three months ended:
September 30, 2025June 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate(4)
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate(4)
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning cash balances$268,704 $2,987 4.41%$377,775 $4,181 4.44%
Taxable securities388,181 5,473 5.59%409,277 5,705 5.59%
Tax-exempt securities2,511 16 2.53%2,535 16 2.53%
FHLB and other restricted stock13,176 223 6.71%17,687 246 5.58%
Loans(1)
4,864,878 100,241 8.17%4,725,240 99,053 8.41%
Total interest earning assets$5,537,450 $108,940 7.81%$5,532,514 $109,201 7.92%
Non-interest earning assets:
Other assets887,821 834,470 
Total assets$6,425,271 $6,366,984 
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand$689,220 $856 0.49%$722,653 $916 0.51%
Individual retirement accounts40,176 125 1.23%41,694 131 1.26%
Money market584,459 3,989 2.71%586,420 3,931 2.69%
Savings518,854 1,480 1.13%519,067 1,354 1.05%
Certificates of deposit228,802 1,497 2.60%225,333 1,520 2.71%
Brokered time deposits744,436 8,017 4.27%614,168 6,618 4.32%
Other brokered deposits142,814 1,568 4.36%93,315 1,035 4.45%
Total interest bearing deposits2,948,761 17,532 2.36%2,802,650 15,505 2.22%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances166,141 1,865 4.45%298,132 3,322 4.47%
Subordinated notes69,797 661 3.76%69,749 661 3.80%
Junior subordinated debentures42,729 1,049 9.74%42,587 1,035 9.75%
Other borrowings— — %— — %
Total interest bearing liabilities$3,227,428 $21,107 2.59%$3,213,118 $20,523 2.56%
Noninterest bearing liabilities and equity:
Non-interest bearing demand deposits2,188,828 2,166,628 
Other liabilities83,556 77,036 
Total equity925,459 910,202 
Total liabilities and equity$6,425,271 $6,366,984 
Net interest income$87,833 $88,678 
Interest spread(2)
5.22%5.36%
Net interest margin(3)
6.29%6.43%
(1) Loan balance totals include respective nonaccrual assets.
(2) Net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets less the rate on interest bearing liabilities.
(3) Net interest margin is the ratio of net interest income to average interest earning assets.
(4) Average rates have been annualized.


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Additional information pertaining to our loan portfolio, including loans held for investment and loans held for sale, summarized for the quarters ended:
(Dollars in thousands)September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
Average Banking loans$3,484,400 $3,381,919 $3,237,692 $3,163,999 $3,008,767 
Average Factoring receivables1,167,092 1,138,792 1,060,482 1,064,772 1,023,570 
Average Payments receivables213,386 204,529 173,536 175,218 167,969 
Average total loans$4,864,878 $4,725,240 $4,471,710 $4,403,989 $4,200,306 
Banking yield6.41%6.50%6.71%6.60%6.99%
Factoring yield12.63%13.40%12.75%13.36%13.57%
Payments yield12.59%12.22%12.53%12.71%13.48%
Total loan yield8.17%8.41%8.37%8.48%8.85%

Metrics and non-GAAP financial:
As of and for the Three Months EndedAs of and for the Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands,
except per share amounts)
September 30,
2025
June 30,
2025
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
September 30,
2024
September 30,
2025
September 30,
2024
Average total stockholders' equity$925,459 $910,202 $902,260 $898,965 $888,435 $912,725 $882,849 
Average preferred stock liquidation preference(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)
Average total common stockholders' equity880,459 865,202 857,260 853,965 843,435 867,725 837,849 
Average goodwill and other intangibles(408,025)(347,894)(257,399)(253,415)(253,656)(338,324)(255,431)
Average tangible common stockholders' equity$472,434 $517,308 $599,861 $600,550 $589,779 $529,401 $582,418 
Net income available to common stockholders$907 $3,618 $(784)$3,036 $4,546 $3,741 $9,848 
Average tangible common equity472,434 517,308 599,861 600,550 589,779 529,401 582,418 
Return on average tangible common equity0.76%2.81%(0.53%)2.01%3.07%0.94%2.26%
Net non-interest expense to average assets ratio:
Noninterest expenses$103,714 $100,840 $100,173 $93,275 $95,646 $304,727 $283,360 
Noninterest income$21,448 $19,384 $17,190 $15,751 $17,497 $58,022 $49,663 
Net noninterest expenses$82,266 $81,456 $82,983 $77,524 $78,149 $246,705 $233,697 
Average total assets$6,425,267 $6,366,984 $5,994,040 $5,966,161 $5,871,903 $6,263,681 $5,654,804 
Net noninterest expense to average assets ratio5.08%5.13%5.61%5.17%5.29%5.27%5.52%
Total stockholders' equity$919,333 $912,382 $893,927 $890,919 $885,764 $919,333 $885,764 
Preferred stock liquidation preference(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)(45,000)
Total common stockholders' equity874,333 867,382 848,927 845,919 840,764 874,333 840,764 
Goodwill and other intangibles(406,189)(409,165)(255,912)(258,208)(251,025)(406,189)(251,025)
Tangible common stockholders' equity$468,144 $458,217 $593,015 $587,711 $589,739 $468,144 $589,739 
Common shares outstanding23,763,401 23,727,046 23,419,740 23,391,411 23,387,522 23,763,401 23,387,522 
Tangible book value per share$19.70 $19.31 $25.32 $25.13 $25.22 $19.70 $25.22 
Total assets at end of period$6,357,149 $6,494,748 $6,268,394 $5,948,975 $5,866,046 $6,357,149 $5,866,046 
Goodwill and other intangibles(406,189)(409,165)(255,912)(258,208)(251,025)(406,189)(251,025)
Tangible assets at period end$5,950,960 $6,085,583 $6,012,482 $5,690,767 $5,615,021 $5,950,960 $5,615,021 
Tangible common stockholders' equity ratio7.87%7.53%9.86%10.33%10.50%7.87%10.50%
1)Triumph Financial uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding Triumph Financial's operational performance and to enhance investors' overall understanding of such financial performance. The non-GAAP measures used by Triumph Financial include the following:
"Tangible common stockholders' equity" is defined as common stockholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

28


"Total tangible assets" is defined as total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets.
"Tangible book value per share" is defined as tangible common stockholders' equity divided by total common shares outstanding. This measure is important to investors interested in changes from period-to-period in book value per share exclusive of changes in intangible assets.
"Tangible common stockholders' equity ratio" is defined as the ratio of tangible common stockholders' equity divided by total tangible assets. We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in relative changes from period-to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets.
"Return on Average Tangible Common Equity" is defined as net income available to common stockholders divided by average tangible common stockholders' equity.
2)Asset quality ratios exclude loans held for sale, except for non-performing assets to total assets.
3)Current quarter ratios are preliminary.
Source: Triumph Financial, Inc.
###
Investor Relations:
Luke Wyse
Executive Vice President, Head of Investor Relations
lwyse@tfin.com
214-365-6936
Media Contact:
Amanda Tavackoli
Senior Vice President, Director of Corporate Communication
atavackoli@tfin.com
214-365-6930

29