tm265607-1_sctoi_DIV_12-exha1b - none

Exhibit (a)(1)(B)

Letter of Transmittal

To Tender Shares of Common Stock Pursuant to
the Offer to Purchase dated February 10, 2026

Yext, Inc.

Up to $180,000,000 in Value of Shares of its Common Stock
at a Purchase Price not less than $5.75 nor greater than $6.50 per Share

THE OFFER, PRORATION PERIOD AND WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON MARCH 12, 2026, UNLESS THE OFFER IS EXTENDED OR TERMINATED (SUCH DATE AND TIME, AS THEY MAY BE EXTENDED, THE “EXPIRATION TIME”).

The Depositary for the Tender Offer is:

Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC

	If delivering by mail:			If delivering by hand, express mail or other expedited service:
	By the Expiration Date Broadridge, Inc. Attn: BCIS Re-Organization Dept. P.O. Box 1317 Brentwood, NY 11717-0718			By the Expiration Date Broadridge, Inc. Attn: BCIS IWS 51 Mercedes Way Edgewood, NY 11717

DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO ANOTHER ADDRESS WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY. DELIVERIES TO THE COMPANY, THE INFORMATION AGENT, THE DEALER MANAGER OR DTC WILL NOT BE FORWARDED TO THE DEPOSITARY AND WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY.

CAPITALIZED TERMS USED HEREIN WITHOUT DEFINITION HAVE THE MEANINGS ASCRIBED TO THEM IN THE OFFER TO PURCHASE (AS DEFINED BELOW)

YOU SHOULD READ CAREFULLY THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, INCLUDING THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS, BEFORE YOU COMPLETE IT. FOR THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO BE VALIDLY DELIVERED, IT MUST BE RECEIVED BY THE DEPOSITARY AT ONE OF THE ABOVE ADDRESSES BEFORE THE EXPIRATION TIME (IN ADDITION TO THE OTHER REQUIREMENTS DETAILED IN THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND ITS INSTRUCTIONS).

This Letter of Transmittal is to be used if book-entry shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (each, a “Share,” and collectively, the “Shares”), of Yext, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), are to be tendered herewith to Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC (the “Depositary”) pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase dated February 10, 2026 (together with any amendments or supplements thereto, the “Offer to Purchase,” and together with this Letter of Transmittal, as each may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Offer”). Tendering stockholders must deliver this Letter of Transmittal for, or timely confirmation of book-entry transfer in accordance with the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase with respect to, their Shares and all other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal to the Depositary by 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March 12, 2026, unless the Company extends or terminates the Offer (such date and time, as they may be

extended, the “Expiration Time”). Tendering stockholders who cannot deliver either this Letter of Transmittal, or timely confirmation of book-entry in accordance with the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase with respect to, their Shares and all other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal to the Depositary by the Expiration Time must tender their Shares in accordance with the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. See Instructions 2 and 13.

All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Offer to Purchase.

Your attention is directed to the following:

1. If you want to retain your Shares, do not take any action.

2. If you want to participate in the Offer (as defined below) and wish to maximize the chance that your Shares will be purchased in the Offer, you should check the box marked “Shares Tendered At Price Determined Under The Offer” below and complete the other portions of this Letter of Transmittal as appropriate. If you agree to accept the Purchase Price (as defined in the Offer to Purchase) determined pursuant to the Offer, your Shares will be deemed to be tendered at the minimum price of $5.75 per Share. YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND THAT THIS ELECTION COULD RESULT IN YOUR TENDERED SHARES BEING PURCHASED AT THE MINIMUM PRICE OF $5.75 PER SHARE, WHICH IS THE LOW END OF THE PRICE RANGE IN THE OFFER, LESS ANY APPLICABLE WITHHOLDING TAXES AND WITHOUT INTEREST.

3. If you wish to select a specific price at which you will be tendering your Shares (in increments of $0.10), you should check one of the boxes in the section captioned “Shares Tendered At Price Determined By Stockholder” below and complete the other portions of this Letter of Transmittal as appropriate.

We urge stockholders who hold Shares through a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee to consult their nominee to determine whether transaction costs are applicable if they tender Shares through their nominee and not directly to the Depositary.

Beneficial owners of Shares should be aware that their broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee may establish their own earlier deadlines for participation in the Offer. Accordingly, beneficial owners holding Shares through a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and who wish to participate in the Offer should contact their such nominee as soon as possible in order to determine the times by which such owner must take action in order to participate in the Offer.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned hereby tenders to the Company the above-described Shares on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Company’s Offer to Purchase, dated February 10, 2026 (the “Offer to Purchase”), and this Letter of Transmittal (this “Letter of Transmittal” and, together with the Offer to Purchase, as they may be amended and supplemented from time to time, the “Offer”), receipt of which is hereby acknowledged.

Subject to and effective on acceptance for payment of the Shares tendered with this Letter of Transmittal in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers to, or upon the order of, the Company, all right, title and interest in and to all the Shares that are being tendered and irrevocably constitutes and appoints Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC (the “Depositary”) as the true and lawful agent of the undersigned, with full power of substitution, to the full extent of the undersigned’s rights with respect to such Shares, to (a) transfer ownership of such Shares on the account books maintained by DTC, together, in any such case, with all accompanying evidences of transfer and authenticity to, or upon the order of, the Company, upon receipt by the Depositary as the undersigned’s agent, of the aggregate purchase price with respect to such Shares; (b) present instructions for cancellation and transfer of such Shares on the Company’s books and (c) receive all benefits and otherwise exercise all rights of beneficial ownership of such Shares all in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer.

The undersigned hereby covenants, represents and warrants that (a) the undersigned has full power and authority to tender, sell, assign and transfer the Shares tendered and that, when the same are accepted for

payment by the Company, the Company will acquire good, marketable and unencumbered title thereto, free and clear of all security interests, liens, restrictions, claims, charges, encumbrances and other obligations relating to the sale or transfer of the Shares, and the same will not be subject to any adverse claim or right; (b) the undersigned will, on request by the Depositary or the Company, execute and deliver any additional documents deemed by the Depositary or the Company to be reasonably necessary or desirable to complete the sale, assignment and transfer of the Shares tendered, all in accordance with the terms of the Offer; and (c) the undersigned understands that tendering Shares pursuant to any one of the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase and in the instructions hereto will constitute the undersigned’s acceptance of the terms and conditions of the Offer, including the undersigned’s representation and warranty that: (i) the undersigned has a “net long position” in Shares or Equivalent Securities at least equal to the Shares tendered within the meaning of Rule 14e-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended, the “Exchange Act”) and (ii) such tender of Shares complies with Rule 14e-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act. See Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase.

All authority conferred or agreed to be conferred pursuant to this Letter of Transmittal shall be binding on the successors, assigns, heirs, personal representatives, executors, administrators and other legal representatives of the undersigned and shall not be affected by, and shall survive, the death or incapacity of the undersigned. Except as stated in the Offer to Purchase and this Letter of Transmittal, this tender is irrevocable. See Section 4 of the Offer to Purchase.

The valid tender of Shares pursuant to any of the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase and in the instructions to this Letter of Transmittal will constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and the Company on the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer, which agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

The undersigned understands that the Company will, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer, determine a single per Share purchase price (the “Purchase Price”), not greater than $6.50 nor less than $5.75 per Share, the seller in cash, less any applicable withholding taxes and without interest, and that the Company will pay for Shares validly tendered and not validly withdrawn, taking into account the number of Shares so tendered and the prices specified by tendering stockholders. The undersigned understands that the Company will look at the prices chosen by tendering stockholders and select the lowest purchase price (in increments of $0.10) within the price range specified above that will allow the Company to purchase up to $180 million in value of Shares, or a lower amount depending on the number of Shares as are validly tendered and not validly withdrawn. The undersigned understands that if, based on the purchase price determined by the Company, Shares having an aggregate purchase price that is less than or equal to $180 million are validly tendered and not validly withdrawn, the Company will buy all the Shares that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn. The undersigned understands that the Company will purchase only Shares validly tendered and not validly withdrawn at prices at or below the Purchase Price the Company determines.

Unless otherwise indicated herein under “Special Payment Instructions,” please issue a check for payment of the purchase price for any Shares tendered hereby that are purchased in the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appearing under “Description of Shares Tendered.” Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under “Special Delivery Instructions,” please mail the check for payment of the purchase price for any Shares tendered hereby that are purchased to the address(es) of the registered holder(s) appearing under “Description of Shares Tendered.” In the event that both the “Special Delivery Instructions” and the “Special Payment Instructions” herein are completed, please issue the check for payment of the purchase price for any Shares tendered hereby that are purchased in the name(s) of, and deliver such check to, the person or persons so indicated.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES TENDERED
(SEE INSTRUCTION 13)

NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) OF
REGISTERED HOLDER(S)
(PLEASE FILL IN, IF BLANK,
EXACTLY AS NAME(S)
APPEAR(S) ON THIS LETTER
OF TRANSMITTAL
and/or ACCOUNT STATEMENT

SHARES TENDERED (ATTACH ADDITIONAL SIGNED LIST, IF NECESSARY)

Indicate Book-Entry
Shares

Number
of Shares
Tendered(1)

Total Shares Tendered

(1)

If Shares are held in book-entry form, you must indicate the number of Shares you are tendering.

QUESTIONS AND REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE INFORMATION AGENT OR THE DEALER MANAGER AT THEIR RESPECTIVE ADDRESSES OR TELEPHONE NUMBERS SET FORTH AT THE END OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. REQUESTS FOR ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THE OFFER TO PURCHASE OR THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE INFORMATION AGENT AT THE ADDRESS OR TELEPHONE NUMBERS SET FORTH AT THE END OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

PRICE (IN DOLLARS) PER SHARE AT WHICH SHARES ARE BEING TENDERED

THE UNDERSIGNED IS TENDERING SHARES AS FOLLOWS (CHECK ONLY ONE BOX):

(1)

SHARES TENDERED AT PRICE DETERMINED UNDER THE OFFER (SEE INSTRUCTION 3)

By checking the box below INSTEAD OF ONE OF THE BOXES UNDER “Shares Tendered at Price Determined by Stockholder,” the undersigned hereby tenders Shares at the purchase price determined by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Offer.

☐

The undersigned wants to maximize the chance of having the Company purchase all Shares the undersigned is tendering (subject to the possibility of proration). Accordingly, by checking this box instead of one of the price boxes below, the undersigned hereby tenders Shares at, and is willing to accept, the purchase price determined by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Offer. THE UNDERSIGNED UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS ELECTION COULD RESULT IN THE TENDERED SHARES BEING PURCHASED AT THE MINIMUM PRICE OF $5.75 PER SHARE, WHICH IS THE LOW END OF THE PRICE RANGE IN THE OFFER, FOR PURPOSES OF DETERMINING THE PURCHASE PRICE. THE UNDERSIGNED ALSO UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS MAY HAVE THE EFFECT OF LOWERING THE PURCHASE PRICE AND COULD RESULT IN THE UNDERSIGNED RECEIVING A PER SHARE PRICE AS LOW AS $5.75, WHICH IS THE LOW END OF THE PRICE RANGE IN THE OFFER, LESS ANY APPLICABLE WITHHOLDING TAXES AND WITHOUT INTEREST.

(2)

SHARES TENDERED AT PRICE DETERMINED BY STOCKHOLDER (SEE INSTRUCTION 3)

☐

By checking ONE of the following boxes below INSTEAD OF THE BOX UNDER “Shares Tendered at Price Determined Under the Offer,” the undersigned tenders Shares at the price

checked. This action could result in none of the Shares being purchased if the purchase price determined by the Company is less than the price checked below. A STOCKHOLDER WHO DESIRES TO TENDER SHARES AT MORE THAN ONE PRICE MUST COMPLETE A SEPARATE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL FOR EACH PRICE SELECTED. The same Shares cannot be tendered at more than one price, unless previously validly withdrawn as provided in Section 4 of the Offer to Purchase.

PRICE (IN DOLLARS) PER SHARE AT WHICH SHARES ARE BEING TENDERED
☐ $5.75	☐ $5.85	☐ $5.95	☐ $6.05
☐ $6.15	☐ $6.25	☐ $6.35	☐ $6.45
☐ $6.50

CHECK ONLY ONE BOX UNDER (1) OR (2) ABOVE. IF MORE THAN ONE BOX IS CHECKED ABOVE, OR IF NO BOX IS CHECKED, THERE IS NO VALID TENDER OF SHARES.

CONDITIONAL TENDER

(See Instruction 10)

A tendering stockholder may condition his or her tender of Shares upon the Company purchasing a specified minimum number of Shares tendered, all as described in Section 6 of the Offer to Purchase. Unless at least the minimum number of Shares you indicate below is purchased by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Offer, none of the Shares tendered by you will be purchased. It is the tendering stockholder’s responsibility to calculate the minimum number of Shares that must be purchased if any are purchased, and each stockholder is urged to consult his or her own tax advisor before completing this section. Unless this box has been checked and a minimum specified, your tender will be deemed unconditional.

☐

The minimum number of Shares that must be purchased from me, if any are purchased from me, is:

Shares.

If, because of proration, the minimum number of Shares designated will not be purchased, the Company may accept conditional tenders by random lot, if necessary. However, to be eligible for purchase by random lot, the tendering stockholder must have tendered all of his or her Shares and checked this box:

☐

The tendered Shares represent all Shares held by the undersigned.

ODD LOTS

(See Instruction 11)

To be completed only if Shares are being tendered by or on behalf of a person owning of record an aggregate of fewer than 100 Shares. The undersigned (check box):

☐

is the record owner of an aggregate of fewer than 100 Shares, all of which are being tendered.

NOTE: SIGNATURE MUST BE PROVIDED ON PAGE 6 BELOW.

SPECIAL PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS
(See Instructions 1, 4, 5 and 6)

SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
(See Instruction 6)

To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price is to be issued in the name of someone other than the undersigned.

To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price is to be mailed or sent to someone other than the undersigned or to the undersigned at an address other than that designated above.

Name:

(Please Print)

Name:

(Please Print)

Address:

(Include Zip Code)

(RECIPIENT MUST COMPLETE IRS FORM W-9 INCLUDED HEREIN OR AN APPLICABLE IRS FORM W-8)

		IMPORTANT
		STOCKHOLDERS MUST SIGN HERE
		AND
		COMPLETE IRS FORM W-9 INCLUDED HEREIN OR AN APPLICABLE IRS FORM W-8
		PLEASE SIGN HERE
		By signing below, the undersigned expressly agrees to the terms and conditions set forth above.
		X
		X
		Signature(s) of Stockholder(s)
		Dated:
		(Must be signed by registered holder(s) exactly as name(s) appear(s) on this Letter of Transmittal or by person(s) authorized to become registered holder(s). If signature is by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, please provide the following information and see Instruction 4)
		Name(s):
		(Please Type or Print)
		Capacity (Full Title):
		Address:
		(Include Zip Code)
		Daytime Area Code, email address and Telephone Number:
		GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURE(S) (If required — see Instructions 1 and 4)
		APPLY MEDALLION GUARANTEE STAMP BELOW
		Authorized Signature:
		Name:
		Name of Firm:
		Address: (Include Zip Code)
		Daytime Area Code and Telephone Number:

INSTRUCTIONS

Forming Part of the Terms and Conditions of the Offer

1. Guarantee of Signatures. No signature guarantee is required on this Letter of Transmittal if either (a) this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of Shares tendered herewith and payment and delivery are to be made to such registered holder, unless such registered holder has completed the box entitled “Special Payment Instructions” on this Letter of Transmittal or (b) such Shares are tendered for the account of a firm that is a member in good standing of a recognized Medallion Program approved by the Securities Transfer Association, Inc., including the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program or the Stock Exchange Medallion Program (each, an “eligible institution”). In all other cases, all signatures on this Letter of Transmittal must be guaranteed by an eligible institution. See Instruction 4.

2. Requirements of Tender. This Letter of Transmittal is to be completed by stockholders of Shares unless an Agent’s Message is utilized for the delivery of Shares pursuant to the procedures for book-entry transfer set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. For a stockholder validly to tender Shares pursuant to the Offer, either (a) a Letter of Transmittal, properly completed and duly executed, together with any required signature guarantees, or, in the case of a book-entry transfer, an Agent’s Message, and any other required documents, must be received by the Depositary at one of its addresses set forth on the back of this Letter of Transmittal prior to the Expiration Time and either instructions indicated on this Letter of Transmittal for tendered Shares must be received by the Depositary at one of such addresses or Shares must be delivered pursuant to the procedures for book-entry transfer set forth herein (and a book-entry confirmation must be received by the Depositary), in each case prior to the Expiration Time, or (b) the tendering stockholder must comply with the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth below and in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. The term “Agent’s Message” means a message transmitted by the book-entry transfer facility to, and received by, the Depositary and forming a part of a book-entry confirmation, stating that the book-entry transfer facility has received an express acknowledgment from the participant tendering Shares through the book-entry transfer facility that the participant has received and agrees to be bound by the terms of the Letter of Transmittal and that we may enforce that agreement against that participant.

The method of delivery of Shares, this Letter of Transmittal and all other required documents, including delivery through DTC, is at the sole election and risk of the tendering stockholder. Shares will be deemed delivered only when actually received by the Depositary (including, in the case of a book-entry transfer, by book-entry confirmation). If delivery is by mail, registered mail with return receipt requested, properly insured, is recommended. In all cases, sufficient time should be allowed to ensure timely delivery to the Depositary prior to the Expiration Time.

Except as specifically provided by the Offer to Purchase, no alternative, conditional or contingent tenders will be accepted. No fractional Shares will be purchased. All tendering stockholders, by execution of this Letter of Transmittal, waive any right to receive any notice of the acceptance for payment of their Shares.

3. Indication of Price at Which Shares Are Being Tendered. For Shares to be properly tendered, the stockholder MUST either (1) check the box in the section captioned “Shares Tendered At Price Determined Under The Offer” in order to maximize the chance of having the Company accept for payment all of the Shares tendered pursuant to this Letter of Transmittal (subject to the possibility of proration) or (2) check the box indicating the price per Share at which such stockholder is tendering Shares under “Shares Tendered At Price Determined by Stockholder.” Selecting option (1) may lower the purchase price paid for Shares in the Offer and could result in the stockholder receiving the minimum price of $5.75 per Share, less any applicable withholding taxes and without interest. Selecting option (2) could result in none of the stockholder’s tendered Shares being purchased if the purchase price for the Shares turns out to be less than the price selected by the stockholder.

Only one box under (1) or (2) may be checked. If more than one box is checked, or if no box is checked, there is no valid tender of Shares. A stockholder wishing to tender portions of such stockholder’s Share holdings at different prices must complete a separate Letter of Transmittal for each price at which such stockholder wishes to tender each such portion of such stockholder’s Shares. The same Shares cannot be tendered at more

than one price, unless previously validly withdrawn in accordance with the terms of the Offer and then validly re-tendered. In case of withdrawal, stockholders who tendered their Shares at multiple prices pursuant to multiple Letters of Transmittal must comply with the procedures set forth in Section 4 of the Offer to Purchase.

4. Signatures on Letter of Transmittal. If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of the Shares tendered hereby, the signature(s) must correspond exactly with the name(s) as written on the face of this Letter of Transmittal without any change whatsoever.

If any of the Shares tendered hereby are owned of record by two or more joint owners, all such owners must sign this Letter of Transmittal.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, he or she should so indicate when signing, and proper evidence satisfactory to the Company of his or her authority to so act must be submitted with this Letter of Transmittal.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered owner(s) of the Shares tendered hereby, no endorsements of separate stock powers are required.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered owner(s) of the Shares tendered hereby, or if payment is to be made or book entries for Shares not tendered or not purchased are to be entered in the name of a person other than the registered owner(s), the Letter(s) of Transmittal in respect of such Shares must be properly endorsed for transfer, signed exactly as the name(s) of the person to which the Shares are being transferred or to whom payment is being made. Signature(s) on the Letter(s) of Transmittal must be guaranteed by an eligible institution. See Instruction 1.

5. Stock Transfer Taxes. The Company will pay any stock transfer taxes with respect to the transfer and sale of Shares to it pursuant to the Offer. If, however, payment of the purchase price is to be made to, or if Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment are to be registered in the name of, any person(s) other than the registered owner(s), or if Shares tendered hereby are registered in the name(s) of any person(s) other than the person(s) signing this Letter of Transmittal, the amount of any stock transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered owner(s) or such person(s)) payable on account of the transfer to such person(s) will be deducted from the purchase price unless satisfactory evidence of the payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is submitted with this Letter of Transmittal.

Except as provided in this Instruction 5, it will not be necessary for transfer tax stamps to be affixed to this Letter of Transmittal.

6. Special Payment and Delivery Instructions. If a check for the purchase price of any Shares accepted for payment is to be issued in the name of a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal, the box titled “Special Payment Instructions” must be completed and signatures must be guaranteed as described in Instructions 1 and 4. If the check for the purchase price of any Shares accepted for payment is to be mailed to a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal, the box titled “Special Delivery Instructions” must be completed.

7. Irregularities. The Company will determine in its discretion (which may be delegated to the Depositary), subject to applicable laws, all questions as to the number of Shares to accept, the price to be paid therefore, and the validity, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance for payment of any tender of Shares. Any such determinations will be final and binding on all parties, subject to the right of any participant in the Offer to dispute such determination in a court of competent jurisdiction. The Company reserves the right to reject any or all tenders of Shares it determines not to be in proper form or the acceptance of which or payment for which may, in the Company’s opinion, be unlawful. The Company also reserves the right to waive any defect or irregularity in the tender of any particular Shares, and the Company’s interpretation of the terms of the Offer, including these instructions, will be final and binding on all parties, subject to the right of any participant in the Offer to dispute such determination in a court of competent jurisdiction. No tender of Shares will be deemed to be validly made until all defects and irregularities have been cured or waived. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders must be cured within such time as the Company shall determine. None of the Company, the Depositary, the Dealer

Manager the Information Agent or any other person is or will be obligated to give notice of any defects or irregularities in tenders and none of them will incur any liability for failure to give any such notice.

8. Tax Identification Number and Backup Withholding. To prevent backup withholding, each U.S. Holder (as defined below) that tenders Shares in the Offer should either (x) provide his, her or its correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) by completing the copy of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form W-9 attached to this Letter of Transmittal, certifying that (1) he, she or it is a “United States person” (as defined in section 7701(a)(30) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended), (2) the TIN provided is correct (or that such U.S. Holder is awaiting a TIN) and (3) that the U.S. Holder is not subject to backup withholding because (i) the holder is exempt from backup withholding, (ii) the holder has not been notified by the IRS that he, she or it is subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (iii) the IRS has notified the holder that he, she or it is no longer subject to backup withholding or (y) otherwise establish an exemption. If you do not provide the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) with the correct TIN or an adequate basis for exemption, you may be subject to a $50 penalty imposed by the IRS, and payments made to you pursuant to the Offer may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24%. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be obtained from the IRS, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

To prevent backup withholding, a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined below) that tenders Shares in the Offer should (i) submit a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as appropriate (or other applicable IRS Form W-8), to the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent), certifying under penalties of perjury to the Non-U.S. Holder’s exempt status or (ii) otherwise establish an exemption. IRS Forms W-8BEN and W-8BEN-E (and other applicable IRS Forms W-8) may be obtained from the Depositary or on the web at www.irs.gov.

Certain holders (including, among others, most corporations) are exempt recipients generally not subject to these backup withholding requirements. See the enclosed IRS Form W-9 for additional information regarding exempt recipients. To avoid possible erroneous backup withholding, exempt U.S. Holders, while not required to file IRS Form W-9, should complete and return the IRS Form W-9 and provide their proper “Exempt payee code” on its face.

For the purposes of these instructions, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident alien of the United States, (ii) a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) it has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. person. Holders that are, or hold their Shares through, partnerships and other pass-through entities should consult their tax advisors regarding their treatment for purposes of these instructions. A “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Shares that is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes).

See the enclosed IRS Form W-9 for additional information and instructions.

Withholding on Non-U.S. Holders. The determination of whether any portion of the gross proceeds paid to a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined above) is treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes depends on the individual circumstances of the Non-U.S. Holder. Therefore, even if a Non-U.S. Holder has provided the required certification to avoid backup withholding tax, the Depositary (and any other applicable withholding agent) is generally expected to withhold U.S. federal income taxes equal to 30% of the gross proceeds payable to a Non-U.S. Holder, unless the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) determines that a reduced rate of withholding is available pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty or that an exemption from withholding is applicable because such gross proceeds are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding pursuant to an income tax treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder must deliver to the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent), before payment is made, a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as appropriate (or a suitable substitute form), certifying that the Non-U.S. Holder is entitled to a reduced rate of withholding under an applicable tax treaty. In order to

obtain an exemption from withholding on the grounds that the gross proceeds paid pursuant to the Offer are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States, a Non-U.S. Holder must deliver to the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent), before payment is made, a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or a suitable substitute form). The Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) will determine a stockholder’s status as a Non-U.S. Holder and eligibility for a reduced rate of, or an exemption from, withholding by reference to outstanding certificates or statements concerning eligibility for a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding (e.g., IRS Form W-8BEN, Form W-8BEN-E, or Form W-8ECI) unless facts and circumstances indicate that such reliance is not warranted.

A Non-U.S. Holder may be eligible to obtain a refund of all or a portion of any tax withheld from the IRS if such Non-U.S. Holder meets those tests described in Section 14 of the Offer to Purchase that would characterize the exchange as a sale (as opposed to a distribution) for U.S. federal income tax purposes or is otherwise able to establish that no tax or a reduced amount of tax is due, and the requisite information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA Withholding Taxes. Provisions commonly referred to as “FATCA” impose withholding of 30% on payments of dividends by U.S. corporations to “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied, or an exemption applies. FATCA also generally imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends by U.S. corporations made to certain non-financial foreign entities unless such entity provides the withholding agent a certification identifying certain direct and indirect U.S. owners of the entity or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and the entity’s jurisdiction may modify these requirements. If FATCA withholding is imposed, a beneficial owner that is not a foreign financial institution or otherwise subject to FATCA withholding generally will be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld by filing a U.S. federal income tax return (which may entail significant administrative burden). Any amounts withheld under FATCA may be credited against the 30% withholding tax discussed in the preceding two paragraphs. Income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States is generally exempt from FATCA withholding.

As described above under “Withholding on Non-U.S. Holders”, the Depositary (and any other applicable withholding agent) is generally expected to withhold U.S. federal income taxes equal to 30% of the gross proceeds payable to certain non-U.S. entities, unless (i) such gross proceeds are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States and such Non-U.S. Holder provides to the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or a suitable substitute form) or (ii) such Non-U.S. Holder provides to the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-8BEN-E (or a suitable substitute form), certifying that the Non-U.S. Holder is entitled to a reduced rate of withholding under an applicable tax treaty. If the Depositary (or other applicable withholding agent) withholds tax under FATCA, it will not also withhold the 30% U.S. federal income tax described under “Withholding on Non-U.S. Holders” above. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions on them based on their particular circumstances.

HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX WITHHOLDING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING, INCLUDING ELIGIBILITY FOR A WITHHOLDING TAX REDUCTION OR EXEMPTION, AND THE REFUND PROCEDURE.

9. Requests for Assistance or Additional Copies. Questions and requests for assistance should be directed to the Information Agent or the Dealer Manager at their respective addresses and telephone numbers set forth on the last page of this Letter of Transmittal. Requests for additional copies of the Offer to Purchase, this Letter of Transmittal and the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery may be directed to the Information Agent at its address set forth on the last page of this Letter of Transmittal.

10. Conditional Tenders. As described in Sections 1 and 6 of the Offer to Purchase, stockholders may condition their tenders on all or a minimum number of their tendered Shares being purchased.

If you wish to make a conditional tender, you must indicate this in the box captioned “Conditional Tender” in this Letter of Transmittal and, if applicable, in the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery. In the box in this Letter of Transmittal and, if applicable, in the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery, you must calculate and appropriately indicate the minimum number of Shares that must be purchased from you if any are to be purchased from you.

As discussed in Sections 1 and 6 of the Offer to Purchase, proration may affect whether the Company accepts conditional tenders and may result in Shares tendered pursuant to a conditional tender being deemed withdrawn if the required minimum number of Shares would not be purchased. If, because of proration, the minimum number of Shares that you designate will not be purchased, the Company may accept conditional tenders by random lot, if necessary. However, to be eligible for purchase by random lot, you must have tendered all your Shares and checked the box so indicating. Upon selection by lot, if any, the Company will limit its purchase in each case to the designated minimum number of Shares.

All tendered Shares will be deemed unconditionally tendered unless the “Conditional Tender” box is completed.

The conditional tender alternative is made available so that a stockholder may seek to structure the purchase of Shares pursuant to the Offer in such a manner that the purchase will be treated as a sale or exchange of such Shares by the stockholder, rather than a distribution to the stockholder, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If you are an odd lot holder, you cannot conditionally tender, since your Shares will not be subject to proration. It is the tendering stockholder’s responsibility to calculate the minimum number of Shares that must be purchased from the stockholder in order for the stockholder to qualify for sale or exchange (rather than distribution) treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each stockholder is urged to consult his or her own tax advisor. No assurances can be provided that a conditional tender will achieve the intended U.S. federal income tax results in all cases. See Section 14 of the Offer to Purchase.

11. Odd Lots. As described in Section 1 of the Offer to Purchase, if the Company is to purchase fewer than all Shares validly tendered before the Expiration Time and not validly withdrawn, the Shares purchased first will consist of all Shares validly tendered by any stockholder who owned, beneficially or of record, an aggregate of fewer than 100 Shares, and who tenders all of the holder’s Shares at or below the purchase price. This preference will not be available to you unless you complete the section captioned “Odd Lots” in this Letter of Transmittal and, if applicable, in the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery.

12. Order of Purchase in Event of Proration. As described in Section 1 of the Offer to Purchase, stockholders may designate the order in which their Shares are to be purchased in the event of proration. The order of purchase may have an effect on the U.S. federal income tax classification of any gain or loss on the Shares purchased. See Section 1 and Section 14 of the Offer to Purchase.

13. Guaranteed Delivery. Any stockholder who cannot deliver this Letter of Transmittal and all other required documents to the Depositary or complete the procedures for book-entry transfer prior to the Expiration Time may tender such Shares by properly completing and duly executing the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase.

IMPORTANT. This Letter of Transmittal, together with any required signature guarantees, or, in the case of a book-entry transfer, an Agent’s Message, and any other required documents, must be received by the Depositary prior to the Expiration Time and either this Letter of Transmittal for tendered Shares must be received by the Depositary or Shares must be delivered pursuant to the procedures for book-entry transfer, in each case prior to the Expiration Time, or the tendering stockholder must comply with the procedures for guaranteed delivery.

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must obtain your correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), which may be your social security number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number (EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other amount reportable on an information return. Examples of information returns include, but are not limited to, the following. • Form 1099-INT (interest earned or paid). • Form 1099-DIV (dividends, including those from stocks or mutual funds). • Form 1099-MISC (various types of income, prizes, awards, or gross proceeds). • Form 1099-NEC (nonemployee compensation). • Form 1099-B (stock or mutual fund sales and certain other transactions by brokers). • Form 1099-S (proceeds from real estate transactions). • Form 1099-K (merchant card and third-party network transactions). • Form 1098 (home mortgage interest), 1098-E (student loan interest), and 1098-T (tuition). • Form 1099-C (canceled debt). • Form 1099-A (acquisition or abandonment of secured property). Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident alien), to provide your correct TIN. Caution: If you don’t return Form W-9 to the requester with a TIN, you might be subject to backup withholding. See What is backup withholding, later. By signing the filled-out form, you: 1. Certify that the

TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a number to be issued); 2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding; or 3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt payee; and 4. Certify to your non-foreign status for purposes of withholding under chapter 3 or 4 of the Code (if applicable); and 5. Certify that FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that you are exempt from the FATCA reporting is correct. See What Is FATCA Reporting, later, for further information. Note: If you are a U.S. person and a requester gives you a form other than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if it is substantially similar to this Form W-9. Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are considered a U.S. person if you are: • An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien; • A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States; • An estate (other than a foreign estate); or • A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7). Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding. Payments made to foreign persons, including certain distributions, allocations of income, or transfers of sales proceeds, may be subject to withholding under chapter 3 or chapter 4 of the Code (sections 1441–1474). Under those rules, if a Form W-9 or other certification of non-foreign status has not been received, a withholding agent, transferee, or partnership (payor) generally applies presumption rules that may require the payor to withhold applicable tax from the recipient, owner, transferor, or partner (payee). See Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities. The following persons must provide Form W-9 to the payor for purposes of establishing its non-foreign status. • In the case of a disregarded entity with a U.S. owner, the U.S. owner of the disregarded entity and not the disregarded entity. • In the case of a grantor trust with a U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner, generally, the U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner of the grantor trust and not the grantor trust. • In the case of a U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust), the U.S. trust and not the beneficiaries of the trust. See Pub. 515 for more information on providing a Form W-9 or a certification of non-foreign status to avoid withholding. Page 2 Foreign person. If you are a foreign person or the U.S. branch of a foreign bank that has elected to be treated as a U.S. person (under Regulations section 1.1441-1(b)(2)(iv) or other applicable section for chapter 3 or 4 purposes), do not use Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233 (see Pub. 515). If you are a qualified foreign pension fund under Regulations section 1.897(l)-1(d), or a partnership that is wholly owned by qualified foreign pension funds, that is treated as a non-foreign person for purposes of section 1445 withholding, do not use Form W-9. Instead, use Form W-8EXP (or other certification of non-foreign status). Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax treaties contain a provision known as a saving clause. Exceptions specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes. If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items. 1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien. 2. The treaty article addressing the income. 3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the saving clause and its exceptions. 4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption from tax. 5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of the treaty article. Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if their stay in the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first Protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax on their scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to support that exemption. If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity, give the requester the appropriate completed Form W-8 or Form 8233. Backup Withholding What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS 24% of such payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be subject to backup withholding include, but are not limited to, interest, tax-exempt interest, dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties, nonemployee pay, payments made in settlement of payment card and third-party network transactions, and certain payments from fishing boat operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup withholding. You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your tax return. Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if: 1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester; 2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the instructions for Part II for details); 3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN; 4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax return (for reportable interest and dividends only); or 5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to backup withholding, as described in item 4 under “By signing the filled- out form” above (for reportable interest and dividend accounts opened after 1983 only).

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Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding. See Exempt payee code, later, and the separate Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information. See also Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding, earlier. What Is FATCA Reporting? The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires a participating foreign financial institution to report all U.S. account holders that are specified U.S. persons. Certain payees are exempt from FATCA reporting. See Exemption from FATCA reporting code, later, and the Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information. Updating Your Information You must provide updated information to any person to whom you claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you are no longer tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if the name or TIN changes for the account, for example, if the grantor of a grantor trust dies. Penalties Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty. Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment. Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties. Specific Instructions Line 1 You must enter one of the following on this line; do not leave this line blank. The name should match the name on your tax return. If this Form W-9 is for a joint account (other than an account maintained by a foreign financial institution (FFI)), list first, and then circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in Part I of Form W-9. If you are providing Form W-9 to an FFI to document a joint account, each holder of the account that is a U.S. person must provide a Form W-9. • Individual. Generally, enter the name shown on your tax return. If you have changed your last name without informing the Social Security Administration (SSA) of the name change, enter your first name, the last name as shown on your social security card, and your new last name. Note for ITIN applicant: Enter your individual name as it was entered on your Form W-7 application, line 1a. This should also be the same as the name you entered on the Form 1040 you filed with your application. • Sole proprietor. Enter your individual name as shown on your Form 1040 on line 1. Enter your business, trade, or “doing business as” (DBA) name on line 2. • Partnership, C corporation, S corporation, or LLC, other than a disregarded entity. Enter the entity’s name as shown on the entity’s tax return on line 1 and any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2. • Other entities. Enter your name as shown on required U.S. federal tax documents on line 1. This name should match the name shown on the charter or other legal document creating the entity. Enter any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2. • Disregarded entity. In general, a business entity that has a single owner, including an LLC, and is not a corporation, is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner (a disregarded entity). See Regulations section 301.7701-2(c)(2). A disregarded entity should check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner. Enter the owner’s name on line 1. The name of the owner entered on line 1 should never be a disregarded entity. The name on line 1 should be the name shown on the income tax return on which the income should be reported. For Page 3 example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a single owner that is a U.S. person, the U.S. owner’s name is required to be provided on line 1. If the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the disregarded entity’s name on line 2. If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, the owner must complete an appropriate Form W-8 instead of a Form W-9. This is the case even if the foreign person has a U.S. TIN. Line 2 If you have a business name, trade name, DBA name, or disregarded entity name, enter it on line 2. Line 3a Check the appropriate box on line 3a for the U.S. federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one box on line 3a. IF the entity/individual on line 1 is a(n) . . . THEN check the box for . . . • Corporation Corporation. • Individual or • Sole proprietorship Individual/sole proprietor. • LLC classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes or • LLC that has filed Form 8832 or 2553 electing to be taxed as a corporation Limited liability company and enter the appropriate tax classification: P = Partnership, C = C corporation, or S = S corporation. • Partnership Partnership. • Trust/estate Trust/estate. Line 3b Check this box if you are a partnership (including an LLC classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes), trust, or estate that has any foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries, and you are providing this form to a partnership, trust, or estate, in which you have an ownership interest. You must check the box on line 3b if you receive a Form W-8 (or documentary evidence) from any partner, owner, or beneficiary establishing foreign status or if you receive a Form W-9 from any partner, owner, or beneficiary that has checked the box on line 3b. Note: A partnership that provides a Form W-9 and checks box 3b may be required to complete Schedules K-2 and K-3 (Form 1065). For more information, see the Partnership Instructions for Schedules K-2 and K-3 (Form 1065). If you are required to complete line 3b but fail to do so, you may not receive the information necessary to file a correct information return with the IRS or furnish a correct payee statement to your partners or beneficiaries. See, for example, sections 6698, 6722, and 6724 for penalties that may apply. Line 4 Exemptions If you are exempt from backup withholding and/or FATCA reporting, enter in the appropriate space on line 4 any code(s) that may apply to you. Exempt payee code. • Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from backup withholding. • Except as provided below, corporations are exempt from backup withholding for certain payments, including interest and dividends. • Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding for payments made in settlement of payment card or third-party network transactions. • Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding with respect to attorneys’ fees or gross proceeds paid to attorneys, and corporations that provide medical or health care services are not exempt with respect to payments reportable on Form 1099-MISC. The following codes identify payees that are exempt from backup withholding. Enter the appropriate code in the space on line 4. 1—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2).

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2—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. 3—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or territory, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities. 4—A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities. 5—A corporation. 6—A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or territory. 7—A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. 8—A real estate investment trust. 9—An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940. 10—A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a). 11—A financial institution as defined under section 581. 12—A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian. 13—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947. The following chart shows types of payments that may be exempt from backup withholding. The chart applies to the exempt payees listed above, 1 through 13. IF the payment is for . . . THEN the payment is exempt for . . . • Interest and dividend payments All exempt payees except for 7. • Broker transactions Exempt payees 1 through 4 and 6 through 11 and all C corporations. S corporations must not enter an exempt payee code because

they are exempt only for sales of noncovered securities acquired prior to 2012. • Barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends Exempt payees 1 through 4. • Payments over $600 required to be reported and direct sales over $5,0001 Generally, exempt payees 1 through 5.2 • Payments made in settlement of payment card or third-party network transactions Exempt payees 1 through 4. 1 See Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Information, and its instructions. 2 However, the following payments made to a corporation and reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup withholding: medical and health care payments, attorneys’ fees, gross proceeds paid to an attorney reportable under section 6045(f), and payments for services paid by a federal executive agency. Exemption from FATCA reporting code. The following codes identify payees that are exempt from reporting under FATCA. These codes apply to persons submitting this form for accounts maintained outside of the United States by certain foreign financial institutions. Therefore, if you are only submitting this form for an account you hold in the United States, you may leave this field blank. Consult with the person requesting this form if you are uncertain if the financial institution is subject to these requirements. A requester may indicate that a code is not required by providing you with a Form W-9 with “Not Applicable” (or any similar indication) entered on the line for a FATCA exemption code. A—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) or any individual retirement plan as defined in section 7701(a)(37). B—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. C—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or territory, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities. D—A corporation the stock of which is regularly traded on one or more established securities markets, as described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i). E—A corporation that is a member of the same expanded affiliated group as a corporation described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i). Page 4 F—A dealer in securities, commodities, or derivative financial instruments (including notional principal contracts, futures, forwards, and options) that is registered as such under the laws of the United States or any state. G—A real estate investment trust. H—A regulated investment company as defined in section 851 or an entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940. I—A common trust fund as defined in section 584(a). J—A bank as defined in section 581. K—A broker. L—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947(a)(1). M—A tax-exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g) plan. Note: You may wish to consult with the financial institution requesting this form to determine whether the FATCA code and/or exempt payee code should be completed. Line 5 Enter your address (number, street, and apartment or suite number). This is where the requester of this Form W-9 will mail your information returns. If this address differs from the one the requester already has on file, enter “NEW” at the top. If a new address is provided, there is still a chance the old address will be used until the payor changes your address in their records. Line 6 Enter your city, state, and ZIP code. Part I. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. If you are a resident alien and you do not have, and are not eligible to get, an SSN, your TIN is your IRS ITIN. Enter it in the entry space for the Social security number. If you do not have an ITIN, see How to get a TIN below. If you are a sole proprietor and you have an EIN, you may enter either your SSN or EIN. If you are a single-member LLC that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner, enter the owner’s SSN (or EIN, if the owner has one). If the LLC is classified as a corporation or partnership, enter the entity’s EIN. Note: See What Name and Number To Give the Requester, later, for further clarification of name and TIN combinations. How to get a TIN. If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately. To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, from your local SSA office or get this form online at www.SSA.gov. You may also get this form by calling 800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/EIN. Go to www.irs.gov/Forms to view, download, or print Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4. Or, you can go to www.irs.gov/OrderForms to place an order and have Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4 mailed to you within 15 business days. If you are asked to complete Form W-9 but do not have a TIN, apply for a TIN and enter “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, sign and date the form, and give it to the requester. For interest and dividend payments, and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable instruments, you will generally have 60 days to get a TIN and give it to the requester before you are subject to backup withholding on payments. The 60-day rule does not apply to other types of payments. You will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments until you provide your TIN to the requester. Note: Entering “Applied For” means that you have already applied for a TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon. See also Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding, earlier, for when you may instead be subject to withholding under chapter 3 or 4 of the Code. Caution: A disregarded U.S. entity that has a foreign owner must use the appropriate Form W-8.

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Part II. Certification To establish to the withholding agent that you are a U.S. person, or resident alien, sign Form W-9. You may be requested to sign by the withholding agent even if item 1, 4, or 5 below indicates otherwise. For a joint account, only the person whose TIN is shown in Part I should sign (when required). In the case of a disregarded entity, the person identified on line 1 must sign. Exempt payees, see Exempt payee code, earlier. Signature requirements. Complete the certification as indicated in items 1 through 5 below. 1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification. 2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during 1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the certification before signing the form. 3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may cross out item 2 of the certification. 4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments”

include payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to a nonemployee for services, payments made in settlement of payment card and third-party network transactions, payments to certain fishing boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to attorneys (including payments to corporations). 5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program payments (under section 529), ABLE accounts (under section 529A), IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification. What Name and Number To Give the Requester Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information, such as your name, SSN, or other identifying information, without your permission to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive a refund. To reduce your risk: • Protect your SSN, • Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and • Be careful when choosing a tax return preparer. If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number printed on the IRS notice or letter. If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable credit card activity, or a questionable credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline at 800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039. For more information, see Pub. 5027, Identity Theft Information for Taxpayers

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Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a systemic problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that Page 6 Privacy Act Notice have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD 800-829-4059. Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft. The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts. If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, forward this message to phishing@irs.gov. You may also report misuse of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 800-366-4484. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at spam@uce.gov or

report them at www.ftc.gov/complaint. You can contact the FTC at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). If you have been the victim of identity theft, see www.IdentityTheft.gov and Pub. 5027. Go to www.irs.gov/IdentityTheft to learn more about identity theft and how to reduce your risk. Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information. Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and territories for use in administering their laws. The information may also be disclosed to other countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payors must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividends, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payor. Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent information.