Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-226047 and No. 333-231746) and Form S-3 (No. 333-232543) of Translate Bio, Inc. of our report dated March 12, 2020 relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 12, 2020