As filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 2025.

Registration No. 333-[●]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

 REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Sadot Group Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

295 E. Renfro Street, Suite 209

Burleson, Texas 76028

Tel: (832) 604-9568

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

295 E. Renfro Street, Suite 209

Burleson, Texas 76028

(832) 604-9568

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies of all communications to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall hereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Subject to Completion, dated November 14, 2025

Sadot Group Inc.

Up to 400,000 Shares of Common Stock to be Offered by the Selling Stockholder

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by Sadot Group Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” or “Sadot Group”) to Helena Global Investment Opportunities I Ltd. (“Helena” or the “Selling Stockholder”) of up to 400,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), including (i) up to 386,151 shares of Common Stock issuable to Helena in connection with in shares of that may be issued by us to Helena pursuant to that certain Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2025, by and between the Company and Helena (the “Purchase Agreement”) in the aggregate amount of $10,000,000 (the “Commitment Amount”) and (ii) 13,849 shares of Common Stock (the “Helena Commitment Shares”) issued to Helena as consideration for its irrevocable commitment under the Purchase Agreement. From time to time, we may register additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, in excess of the 400,000 shares initially registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should carefully read this prospectus as well as the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you purchase any of the securities offered hereby. The actual number of shares of our Common Stock issuable will vary depending on the then-current market price of shares of our Common Stock sold to Helena under the Purchase Agreement, but will not exceed the number set forth on the cover page of this prospectus unless we file an additional registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to Helena, from time to time as provided therein, and Helena shall purchase from the Company, up to the Commitment Amount of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement except as specified therein.

Under the Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver written notices (each, an “Advance Notice”) to Helena to purchase a portion of the Commitment Amount (each, an “Advance”). The amount of each Advance may not exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, which is the lesser of (i) 100% of the average of the Daily Value Traded of the Common Stock over the ten (10) Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice, and (ii) $5,000,000, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties. For purposes of the Purchase Agreement, “Daily Value Traded” is the product obtained by multiplying the daily trading volume of the Common Stock on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P., by the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) for such Trading Day.

The shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to an Advance will be purchased at a price (the “Purchase Price”) equal to 97% of the lowest daily closing VWAP during the Pricing Period minus clearing fees, brokerage fees, transfer agent fees and legal costs associated with the applicable Advance; provided that if during any Trading Day during the Pricing Period the VWAP at the end of any given 1-hour interval has changed by +/- 7% versus the previous 1-hour interval, the VWAP for such Trading Day will be deemed to be 90% of Helena’s sale execution for that day in respect of the Common Stock. The Pricing Period is generally three (3) Trading Days commencing on the date of Helena’s receipt of the Common Stock relating to such Advance (subject to adjustments for Secondary Advances). The last 30 minutes of trading on such Trading Day during the Pricing Period will be deemed as the final “1-hour” interval of such Trading Day.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed that if it has not submitted Advance Notices in an aggregate amount of at least $2,000,000 (the “Threshold Amount”) prior to the date that is six (6) months following the effective date of the registration, it shall pay to Helena in liquidated damages the amount of $100,000 for every 30 day period thereafter until it shall have submitted Advance Notices in an amount equal to the Threshold Amount.

Sales of shares of Common Stock to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will be subject to certain limitations, including (i) an Ownership Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue, and Helena shall not purchase, any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would cause Helena’s beneficial ownership to exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) a Registration Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would exceed the number of Registrable Securities registered on an effective Registration Statement, and (iii) an Exchange Cap providing that the Company shall not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in an amount that would exceed 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless stockholder approval is obtained.

In consideration for Helena’s execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 13,849 shares of Common Stock to Helena as Commitment Fee Shares having an aggregate value of $100,000, calculated as $100,000 divided by the lowest one-day VWAP during the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the entry into the Purchase Agreement (the “Original Commitment Fee Share Amount”). If the closing price of the Common Stock on the Principal Market on the Trading Day the Registration Statement is declared effective is less than the Commitment Fee Share Reference Price, the Company shall issue additional Make-Whole Shares such that the total Commitment Fee Shares equal $100,000 divided by such closing price, minus the Original Commitment Fee Share Amount. The Commitment Fee Shares will bear a standard restrictive legend and be Registrable Securities under the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company, indemnification rights, and agreements of the parties, as well as certain customary covenants. The Purchase Agreement will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the expiration of the Commitment Period (which commences on the date of the Purchase Agreement and expires upon termination in accordance with the Purchase Agreement), (ii) the date on which Helena shall have purchased the total Commitment Amount pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, (iii) the date the Purchase Agreement is terminated pursuant to its terms, or (iv) the date on which the Common Stock fails to be listed or quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other eligible market.

The Company has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC within 15 days of the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Filing Deadline”) and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have it declared effective in no event later than 90 calendar days following the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Effectiveness Deadline”). If the Registration Statement is not filed by the Filing Deadline or declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline, the Company will be unable to issue Advances under the Purchase Agreement until such registration statement is filed and effective, as Helena would be unable to resell the shares without an effective Registration Statement. Such failure may constitute a material breach of the Purchase Agreement, entitling Helena to terminate the Agreement and seek other remedies, including indemnification for any losses incurred. If the registration statement is not filed on or prior to the Filing Deadline or a registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC by the Effectiveness Deadline, then, in addition to any other rights Helena may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date, the Company shall pay to Helena an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the Commitment Amount. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from any sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes.

We are registering the shares on behalf of Helena, to be offered and sold by it from time to time. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock by Helena pursuant to this prospectus. We may receive up to $10,000,000 in aggregate gross proceeds from Helena under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of the shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices after the date of this prospectus. However, the actual proceeds from Helena may be less than this amount depending on the number of shares of our Common Stock sold and the price at which the shares of our Common Stock are sold. The purchase price per share that Helena will pay for shares of Common Stock purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the market price of our shares at the time we elect to sell shares to Helena and, further, to the extent that the Company sells shares of Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, substantial amounts of shares could be issued and resold, which would cause dilution and may impact the Company’s stock price.

The Selling Stockholder may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. The Selling Stockholder may offer all or part of the shares for resale from time to time through public or private transactions, at either prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. Our registration of the shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus does not mean that the Selling Stockholder will offer or sell any of the shares. We will bear all of the registration expenses incurred in connection with the registration of the shares. On September 23, 2025, the Company entered into an Engagement Agreement (the “Engagement Agreement”) with Digital Offering LLC (the “Placement Agent”). Pursuant to the Engagement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee of 1.25% of the net proceeds drawn from the Purchase Agreement. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 73 of this prospectus.

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under symbol “SDOT.” On November 12, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Common Stock was $4.94 per share. We recommend that you obtain current market quotations for our Common Stock prior to making an investment decision.

Sales of our Common Stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made by any method permitted that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust, or similar arrangement.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Equity Line” beginning on page 27 of this prospectus.

Our business involves farming, commodity trading, and shipping of food and feed products, such as soybean meal, wheat, and corn, via dry bulk cargo ships across global markets. We have recently encountered substantial operational issues that have severely impacted our ability to conduct these activities effectively. These challenges include, but are not limited to, disruptions in our supply chain, such as delays in sourcing raw materials, logistical bottlenecks in shipping and transportation, and inefficiencies in our farming operations due to adverse weather conditions, labor shortages, equipment failures or litigation with our local partner. Additionally, geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, fluctuating commodity prices, droughts and increased competition in the agri-foods sector have compounded these issues, leading to halted or suspended trading activities and an inability to fulfill contracts or secure new ones. As a result of these operational difficulties, we have had to curtail a significant portion of our operations, which has strained our liquidity, increased our reliance on external financing, and heightened the risk of default under our existing obligations. In addition, we have in the past and may have to continue and impair certain receivables and assets which we previously believed to be of value. If we are unable to resolve these operational challenges in a timely manner—through measures such as restructuring our supply chain, diversifying our sourcing strategies, or investing in improved infrastructure—our business may continue to suffer prolonged periods of inactivity. This could lead to further erosion of our market position, loss of key customers and partners, regulatory scrutiny, or even insolvency. Moreover, our dependence on global markets exposes us to ongoing risks from external factors, including volatile commodity prices, changes in international trade policies, environmental regulations, and disruptions from events like pandemics, natural disasters, or political instability in key regions where we operate or source materials. Our legacy business which is a much smaller part is in the process of being sold and we have classified it as discontinued operations.

There can be no assurance that we will successfully overcome these operational issues or resume revenue-generating activities. Failure to do so could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, stock price, and ability to continue as a going concern, potentially leading to delisting from Nasdaq or other exchanges, reduced access to capital, and diminished investor confidence.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. We urge you to read the entire prospectus, any amendments or supplements, any free writing prospectuses, and any documents incorporated by reference carefully before you make your investment decision.

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary contains basic information about us and the offering contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. You should read and carefully consider the entire prospectus before making an investment decision, especially the information presented under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and all other information included in this prospectus in its entirety before you decide whether to purchase any shares offered by this prospectus. Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” “the Company,” and “Sadot Group” refer to Sadot Group Inc., our parent company incorporated in the State of Nevada.

Our Company

Corporate Overview

Sadot Group Inc. is our parent company and is headquartered in Burleson, Texas. In late 2022, Sadot Group began a transformation from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global organization focused on the Agri-Foods supply-chain. As of June 30, 2025, Sadot Group consisted of one distinct operating unit and one discontinued operations.

Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships across the globe. Sadot Agri-Foods was trying to compete with the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a majority owned subsidiary, a roughly 5,000 acre crop farm in Zambia with a goal of planting commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. However, as of November 15, 2025, the value of the farm in Zambia as well as its monetization opportunity is not clear as a result of a number of factors primarily relating to litigation with Sadot Agri-Foods local partner. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food supply chain.

Sadot Restaurant Group, LLC (“Sadot Food Services”): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. SuperFit Foods was sold in August 2024. This entire operating segment was identified as held for sale and classified as discontinued operations.

Our Industry

Sadot Agri-Foods:

Sadot LLC’s plan through its subsidiaries, Sadot Latam, Sadot Brazil, Sadot Canada, Sadot Dubai and Sadot Enterprises (Zambia Farm), was to establish and operate an integrated supply-chain within the international Agri-food commodity industry that includes shipping, sourcing, farming and production. Our focus has historically been on farming, trading and shipping food and feed commodity items such as soy meal, corn and wheat between countries via containers or cargo ships. These shipments enhance global food security by providing raw materials and ingredients to various food manufacturers as part of the overall food supply chain. Our business involves farming, commodity trading, and shipping of food and feed products, such as soybean meal, wheat, and corn, via dry bulk cargo ships across global markets. We have recently encountered substantial operational issues that have severely impacted our ability to conduct these activities effectively. These challenges include, but are not limited to, disruptions in our supply chain, such as delays in sourcing raw materials, logistical bottlenecks in shipping and transportation, and inefficiencies in our farming operations due to adverse weather conditions, labor shortages, equipment failures or litigation with our local partner. Additionally, geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, fluctuating commodity prices, and increased competition in the agri-foods sector have compounded these issues, leading to halted or suspended trading activities and an inability to fulfill contracts or secure new ones. As a result of these operational difficulties, we have had to curtail a significant portion of our operations, which has strained our liquidity, increased our reliance on external financing, and heightened the risk of default under our existing obligations. If we are unable to resolve these operational challenges in a timely manner—through measures such as restructuring our supply chain, diversifying our sourcing strategies, or investing in improved infrastructure—our business may continue to suffer prolonged periods of inactivity. This could lead to further erosion of our market position, loss of key customers and partners, regulatory scrutiny, or even insolvency. Moreover, our dependence on global markets exposes us to ongoing risks from external factors, including volatile commodity prices, changes in international trade policies, environmental regulations, and disruptions from events like pandemics, natural disasters, or political instability in key regions where we operate or source materials.

The following reflects past operations which have resulted with only limited success:

Sadot Latam LLC (“Sadot Latam”): In May 2023, the Company expanded its Sadot Agri-Foods subsidiary within the agri-commodity sourcing and trading operations into North, Central and South America.

Sadot Enterprises Limited Ltd (“Sadot Enterprises”: Sadot Farm Operations (“Sadot Zambia” is 100% owned by Sadot Enterprises Limited, which is 70% owned by Sadot LLC) includes approximately 5,000 acres of farmland in the Mkushi Region of Zambia which was acquired in August of 2023. Farm operations are focused on the supply of grains (soy, corn and wheat) as well as tree crops (mango and avocado).

Sadot Brasil Ltda (“Sadot Brazil”): In December 2023 Sadot Agri-Foods onboarded a team of seasoned industry professionals in Brazil to form Sadot Brazil. Sadot Brazil provides access to new trade routes originating in North, Central, and South America with destinations to various markets in Central and South America, as well as considerably enhancing its sourcing capabilities in one of the most important agricultural production regions worldwide.

Sadot Canada Inc (“Sadot Canada”): In July and August 2024 the Company expanded its Sadot Agri-Foods operations with the expansion into Canada. This entity is focused on commodity trading in Canada.

Sadot Agri FZCO (“Sadot Dubai”): In September 2024 the Company expanded its Sadot Agri-Foods operation with the expansion into United Arab Emirates. This entity was established to expand our banking and financing opportunities and for agri-food sourcing and transition our Black Sea trading operations from Sadot LLC to Sadot Dubai. Sadot Dubai will focus on trades in Black Sea and European based originations with Southeast Asian & China destinations.

Sadot Food Service:

Over the past year, the Company converted all its corporately owned and operated locations into franchise owned locations or closed underperforming locations. This strategy helped position the division to potentially divest the restaurants allowing the Company to focus on its international Agri-Foods supply chain business segments. The division sold SuperFit Foods in August 2024 and currently only operates as the franchisor for Muscle Maker Grill and Pokémoto restaurants which are identified as Assets held for sale.

Our Strategy

With the substantial pivot in the company’s strategy over the past two years, the Company will be focusing its growth on the international Agri-Foods supply-chain, including farming, commodity trade and shipping operations and is actively selling its legacy restaurant business. Our goal is to continue enhancing the Sadot Group Inc. global operations by creating a comprehensive, global Agri-Foods company that encompasses farming, agricultural commodity shipping and trading, distribution and production.

Recent Developments

Equity Line

On September 23, 2025, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Helena. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to Helena, from time to time as provided therein, and Helena shall purchase from the Company, up to the Commitment Amount of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement except as specified therein.

Under the Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver an Advance Notice to Helena to purchase a portion of the Commitment Amount (each, an “Advance”). The amount of each Advance may not exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, which is the lesser of (i) 100% of the average of the Daily Value Traded of the Common Stock over the ten (10) Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice, and (ii) $5,000,000, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties. For purposes of the Purchase Agreement, “Daily Value Traded” is the product obtained by multiplying the daily trading volume of the Common Stock on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P., by the VWAP for such Trading Day.

The shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to an Advance will be purchased at the Purchase Price equal to 97% of the lowest daily closing VWAP during the Pricing Period minus clearing fees, brokerage fees, transfer agent fees and legal costs associated with the applicable Advance; provided that if during any Trading Day during the Pricing Period the VWAP at the end of any given 1-hour interval has changed by +/- 7% versus the previous 1-hour interval, the VWAP for such Trading Day will be deemed to be 90% of Helena’s sale execution for that day in respect of the Common Stock. The Pricing Period is generally three (3) Trading Days commencing on the date of Helena’s receipt of the Common Stock relating to such Advance (subject to adjustments for Secondary Advances). The last 30 minutes of trading on such Trading Day during the Pricing Period will be deemed as the final “1-hour” interval of such Trading Day.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed that if it has not submitted Advance Notices in an aggregate amount of at least $2,000,000 (the “Threshold Amount”) prior to the date that is six (6) months following the effective date of the registration, it shall pay to Helena in liquidated damages the amount of $100,000 for every 30 day period thereafter until it shall have submitted Advance Notices in an amount equal to the Threshold Amount.

Sales of shares of Common Stock to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will be subject to certain limitations, including (i) an Ownership Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue, and Helena shall not purchase, any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would cause Helena’s beneficial ownership to exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) a Registration Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would exceed the number of Registrable Securities registered on an effective Registration Statement, and (iii) an Exchange Cap providing that the Company shall not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in an amount that would exceed 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless stockholder approval is obtained.

In consideration for Helena’s execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Helena 13,849 Commitment Fee Shares having an aggregate value equal to the Original Commitment Fee Share Amount. If the closing price of the Common Stock on the Principal Market on the Trading Day the Registration Statement is declared effective is less than the Commitment Fee Share Reference Price, the Company shall issue additional Make-Whole Shares such that the total Commitment Fee Shares equal $100,000 divided by such closing price, minus the Original Commitment Fee Share Amount. The Commitment Fee Shares will bear a standard restrictive legend and be Registrable Securities under the Purchase Agreement. On September 23, 2025, the Company entered into the Engagement Agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Engagement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee of 1.25% of the net proceeds drawn from the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company, indemnification rights, and agreements of the parties, as well as certain customary covenants. The Purchase Agreement will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the expiration of the Commitment Period (which commences on the date of the Purchase Agreement and expires upon termination in accordance with the Purchase Agreement), (ii) the date on which Helena shall have purchased the total Commitment Amount pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, (iii) the date the Purchase Agreement is terminated pursuant to its terms, or (iv) the date on which the Common Stock fails to be listed or quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other eligible market.

The Company has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC within 15 days of the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Filing Deadline”) and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have it declared effective in no event later than 90 calendar days following the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Effectiveness Deadline”). If the Registration Statement is not filed by the Filing Deadline or declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline, the Company will be unable to issue Advances under the Purchase Agreement until such registration statement is filed and effective, as Helena would be unable to resell the shares without an effective Registration Statement. Such failure may constitute a material breach of the Purchase Agreement, entitling Helena to terminate the Agreement and seek other remedies, including indemnification for any losses incurred. If the registration statement is not filed on or prior to the Filing Deadline or a registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC by the Effectiveness Deadline, then, in addition to any other rights Helena may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date, the Company shall pay to Helena an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the Commitment Amount.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from any sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Registered Direct Offering

On September 23, 2025, the Company consummated a registered direct offering of shares of Common Stock (the “September 2025 Shares”) and pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-funded Warrants” and, together with the September 2025 Shares, the “September 2025 Securities”), for a purchase price of $6.14 per September 2025 Share and $6.1399 per Pre-funded Warrant (representing the per share purchase price minus the exercise price of $0.0001 per warrant share), resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $500,000, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. The Company intended to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities for general corporate purposes and working capital. The offering closed on September 23, 2025. The September 2025 Shares and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants were offered and sold by the Company pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283813) filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and declared effective by the SEC, and a prospectus supplement dated September 19, 2024. In connection with the offering, on September 23, 2025, the Company entered into an Engagement Agreement (the “Engagement Agreement”) with Digital Offering LLC (the “Digital Offering”), pursuant to which the Digital Offering acted as a non-exclusive placement agent for the Company in connection with the offering to the sole investor, Helena Global Investment Opportunities I Ltd (the “Investor”), on a best efforts basis, at the purchase prices noted above. Pursuant to the Engagement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Digital Offering a cash fee of 1.25% of the net proceeds raised in connection with the sale of the Securities or drawn from the equity line of credit as further described below. The Engagement Agreement has a term commencing on the execution date and terminating automatically on the earlier of (i) the date that is two (2) months from the first date on which the offering is officially commenced, or (ii) termination by the Company. Upon termination, the Placement Agent will be entitled to collect all fees and any subsequent fees on the associated transaction for the life of the equity line of credit. Notwithstanding any termination, if at any time after termination the Company receives cash consideration from Helena, the Company shall pay Digital Offering fees in accordance with the terms of the Engagement Agreement. In connection with the offering, on September 23, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Helena, pursuant to which Helena agreed to purchase the Securities at the purchase prices noted above. The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, indemnification obligations, and closing conditions.

Nasdaq

On September 9, 2025, the Company received a letter (the “Staff Determination”) from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that the Company’s Common Stock had a closing bid price of less than $1.00 per share over the previous 30 consecutive business days from July 28, 2025 through September 8, 2025, and, as a result, does not comply with the Rule. The Company was not eligible for the 180-calendar day compliance period specified in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) because the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split on October 18, 2024, which occurred during the prior one-year period. The Staff Determination notified the Company that its Common Stock would be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market unless the Company requests a hearing. Accordingly, the Company requested a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series. The Company’s hearing request automatically stayed any suspension or delisting action of the Company’s securities pending the hearing and the expiration of any additional extension period granted by the Panel following the hearing. A hearing was scheduled for October 21, 2025.

On October 10, 2025, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Hearings Department (the “Letter”). The Letter notified the Company that it has regained compliance with the bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and is therefore in compliance with the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market. As a result, the hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel scheduled for October 21, 2025 was cancelled. The Company’s Common Stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market.

Reverse Split

The Board unanimously approved a reverse split of the Company’s Common Stock at a ratio of one-for-ten (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On September 9, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Change Pursuant to NRS 78.209 with the Nevada Secretary of State to effect the Reverse Stock Split, which became effective 12:01 am eastern on September 15, 2025. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 10 shares of the Company’s Common Stock issued and outstanding on the effective date were consolidated into one issued and outstanding share. All stockholders who would be entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received one whole share for their fractional share interest. There was no change in the par value of our Common Stock.

December Notes

On December 3, 2024, we entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “December 2024 Agreement”) and Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with certain institutional investors (“December 2024 Purchasers”) and issued an aggregate of $3.75 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2025 (the “December 2024 Convertible Notes”) for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other expenses payable by the Company. Pursuant to the December 2024 Agreement, the December 2024 Convertible Notes were issued with an original issue discount of 20%. On July 23, 2025, the Company entered into an Amendment and Waiver with the December 2024 Purchasers, amending the certain December 2024 Agreement and the December 2024 Notes. On September 22, 2025, the Company and the December 2024 Purchasers entered into a Waiver, which among other things, provided that the conversion price will be equal to 97% of the lowest closing price of the Common Stock during the three (3) Trading Days immediately prior to the date of conversion into shares of Common Stock. Further, the Company agreed to increase the percentage of the net proceeds of any future capital raises to repay the outstanding balance of the December 2024 Notes from 19% to 21% and agreed to a lock up of 30 days. On October 15, 2025, the Company agreed to waive a lock up agreement previously entered with the December 2024 Purchasers.

 October 2024 Notes

On October 22, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor (the “October 2024 Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “October 2024 Note”) in the principal amount of $1,375,000 for a purchase price of $1,100,000, reflecting an original issue discount of $275,000. The October 2024 Note was originally due on April 10, 2025, and bears interest payable on the maturity date. On July 23, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to the October 2024 Note. On September 22, 2025, the Company and the October 2024 Purchaser entered into a Waiver, which among other things, provided that the conversion price will be equal to 97% of the lowest closing price of the Common Stock during the three (3) Trading Days immediately prior to the date of conversion into shares of Common Stock. Further, the Company agreed to increase the percentage of the net proceeds of any future capital raises to repay the outstanding balance of the October 2024 Notes from 6% to 6.5% and agreed to a lock up of 30 days. On October 15, 2025, the Company agreed to waive a lock up agreement previously entered with the October 2024 Purchaser.

Legal Proceedings

Star Fund

On September 3, 2025, Star Fund I LP (“Star Fund”) filed a complaint against the Company, its subsidiary Sadot Latam LLC (“Sadot Latam”), Lombard Trading International Corp. (“Lombard”), and Goldengrain International, Inc. in the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The complaint alleges, among other things, breach of contract, fraudulent misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent concealment, breach of promissory note, breach of parent company guaranty, breach of account debtor obligations, imposition of constructive trust, unjust enrichment, conversion, and violation of Florida Statutes § 679.4061, arising from a factoring agreement pursuant to which Star Fund advanced approximately $2.5 million to Sadot Latam, secured by a parent company guaranty from the Company, in reliance on representations regarding a $2,941,176.33 invoice purportedly owed by Lombard. Star Fund seeks damages in excess of $2.9 million, plus interest, attorneys’ fees, punitive damages where applicable, and other relief. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to defend the action vigorously. As of November 2025, Star Fund is seeking a judgement against both Sadot Latam and Sadot Group and a hearing is scheduled to take place on November 26, 2025.

Lombard

On November 7, 2024, Lombard Trading International Corp. filed an Amended Complaint against the Company and Sadot Latam, LLC in the 11th Judicial Circuit of Florida in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida (Case No.: 2024-020971-CA-01). The Amended Complaint alleges unjust enrichment, conversion, fraud, conspiracy and civil theft related to a commodities transaction. The plaintiff claims that the Company failed to pay upon delivery of certain goods and is seeking damages in the amount of $7.4 million. The Company denies these allegations and intends to vigorously defend against the claims. On August 1, 2025, the court dismissed Lombard’s third motion in its entirety and the case will now be fixed for a hearing to deal with Sadot’s motion to dismiss the claims advanced by Lombard. While the Company believes it has meritorious defenses, it cannot predict the outcome of this matter or reasonably estimate the potential loss at this time.

Cropit 

On March 21, 2025, Cropit Farming Limited ("Cropit") commenced legal proceedings against our subsidiary, Sadot LLC, in the Commercial Registry of the High Court of Zambia. The complaint alleges that certain agreements between the parties are invalid under Zambian law, and seeks rescission of these agreements, return of assets, and damages of approximately $6.7 million USD and 181,003 Zambian Kwacha.

Sadot LLC has filed a response denying all allegations and has asserted substantial counterclaims. The counterclaims seek a declaration that the agreements are valid and enforceable, specific performance of the agreements, injunctive relief to protect contractual rights, damages for breach of contract, reputational damages, damages for loss of use of land, punitive damages of 5 million Zambian Kwacha, interest, and costs.

As of August 2, 2025, the Company considers that all attempts of mediation were considered failed. The without prejudice mediation proceedings have therefore concluded. Sadot LLC filed for an injunction seeking court injunctions against their joint venture partner Cropit over serious breaches of their 2023 Joint Venture Agreement. Sadot asked the court to stop Cropit from: misappropriating company funds (approximately $0.4 million already spent without authorization), blocking access to farms and financial records, unilaterally hiring/firing staff, and making unauthorized high-value commitments. Sadot is demanding Cropit transfer five parcels of farmland to the joint venture company as contractually obligated - land transfers that Cropit has withheld despite Sadot already paying to discharge ABSA Bank's charges per the terms of the Joint Venture Agreement. Sadot claims these breaches have caused losses exceeding $1.6 million, prevented bank financing, and resulted in the loss of a potential investment funds. Sadot also intends to pursue damages under arbitration pursuant the ICC rules.

Management, in consultation with legal counsel, believes Sadot LLC has strong defensible positions with respect to this matter and intends to vigorously defend against the claims while pursuing its counterclaims. Based on current information, management does not believe that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. However, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and we cannot provide assurances regarding the outcome.

The Company has not recorded any material liabilities in connection with this matter as a loss is neither probable nor reasonably estimable at this time. The Company will continue to evaluate this matter and will establish reserves if and when appropriate.

Nuval

Nuval Trade S.A. (“Nuval”) initiated an arbitration against the Company in London, England on August 27, 2024. Nuval claims $12,025,396.32 plus interest for non-delivery under two FOB Argentine soybean meal contracts, alleging repudiatory breach and fraud. Nuval claims that Sadot sent copies of relevant documents but failed to tender original documentation. It is Sadot’s position that on October 17, 2024, Sadot and Lombard executed a Settlement Agreement for staged document release via tripartite framework. However, the vessel refused to split bills of lading and Nuval refused to provide letters of indemnity for discharge. Sadot contends Nuval breached the agreement between the parties and that document tender obligations shifted to Lombard after Sadot's initial payment, Nuval's refusal to cooperate prevented performance, and terminations were wrongful. Sadot is seeking dismissal with costs.

Board of Directors

On September 23, 2025, Ray Shankar notified the Company of his resignation as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), effective immediately. In connection with his resignation from the Board, Mr. Shankar also resigned from his positions as a member of the Board’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and as Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Shankar’s resignation was a result of Mr. Shankar’s increasing demands of his full time professional role and not the result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. The Company intends to identify and appoint a director to the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Compensation Committee, as appropriate, in order to maintain compliance with all applicable NASDAQ listing requirements, including those related to committee composition and independence.

On October 10, 2025, Na Yeon Hannah Oh notified the Company of her resignation as a member of the Board, effective immediately. In connection with her resignation from the Board, Ms. Oh also resigned from her position as a member of the Board’s Sustainability Committee. Ms. Oh’s resignation was a result of Ms. Oh’s professional commitments and not the result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

On October 29, 2025, the Board increased the size of the Board from five to six and appointed Haggai Ravid, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as a director.

On October 29, 2025, David Errington, Ahmed Khan, Benjamin Petel, Stephen A. Spanos and Claudio Torres tendered their resignations as members of the Board. Such resignations were effective immediately upon acceptance by the Board and were not due to any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

Immediately following the acceptance of the foregoing resignations on October 30, 2025, the Board:

Secured Promissory Note

On October 29, 2025, the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note (the “Note”) with an individual lender (the “Lender”), pursuant to which the Company received financing in the principal amount of $238,986.87.

The Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum, calculated on the basis of a 365-day year and the actual number of days elapsed. The entire unpaid principal balance, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable in one lump sum payment on October 29, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”). The Company may prepay the Note, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty.

The Note is secured by a security interest in all assets of the Company, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, including but not limited to accounts, equipment, inventory, intellectual property, and all other personal property (collectively, the “Collateral”). The Lender has filed or will promptly file a UCC-1 Financing Statement with the appropriate filing offices to perfect the security interest in the Collateral.

The Note contains customary events of default, including failure to pay amounts when due (with a five-day cure period), material misrepresentations, and bankruptcy or insolvency events. Upon an event of default, the entire unpaid principal balance and all accrued interest become immediately due and payable, and the default interest rate increases to the lesser of 15% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by law. Upon default, the Lender has all rights and remedies of a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 295 E. Renfro Street, Suite 209, Burleson, Texas 76028, and our telephone number at that address is (832) 604-9568. Our website is https://www.sadotgroupinc.com. The information contained on, or that can accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.

For more information about our business, please see our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC, and in other documents which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company

We are a “smaller reporting company” meaning that the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. Accordingly, we may provide less public disclosure than larger public companies, including the inclusion of only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.

THE OFFERING

SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected historical statements of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and balance sheet data as of June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and 2023 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for those periods included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” appearing elsewhere in the prospectus.

Selected Consolidated Results of Operations Data

Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment decision, you should consider carefully the following risks and other information in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties we describe are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we believe are not material at the time could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In any case, the value of our Common Stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Please also see the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We face significant operational challenges in our global agri-foods operations, which have resulted in a significant curtailing of our operations and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects.

Our business involves farming, commodity trading, and shipping of food and feed products, such as soybean meal, wheat, and corn, via dry bulk cargo ships across global markets. We have recently encountered substantial operational issues that have severely impacted our ability to conduct these activities effectively. These challenges include, but are not limited to, disruptions in our supply chain, such as delays in sourcing raw materials, logistical bottlenecks in shipping and transportation, and inefficiencies in our farming operations due to adverse weather conditions, labor shortages, equipment failures or litigation with its local partner. Additionally, geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, fluctuating commodity prices, and increased competition in the agri-foods sector have compounded these issues, leading to halted or suspended trading activities and an inability to fulfill contracts or secure new ones.

As a result of these operational difficulties, we have had to curtail a significant portion of our operations, which has strained our liquidity, increased our reliance on external financing, and heightened the risk of default under our existing obligations. If we are unable to resolve these operational challenges in a timely manner—through measures such as restructuring our supply chain, diversifying our sourcing strategies, or investing in improved infrastructure—our business may continue to suffer prolonged periods of inactivity. This could lead to further erosion of our market position, loss of key customers and partners, regulatory scrutiny, or even insolvency. Moreover, our dependence on global markets exposes us to ongoing risks from external factors, including volatile commodity prices, changes in international trade policies, environmental regulations, and disruptions from events like pandemics, natural disasters, or political instability in key regions where we operate or source materials.

There can be no assurance that we will successfully overcome these operational issues or resume revenue-generating activities. Failure to do so could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, stock price, and ability to continue as a going concern, potentially leading to delisting from Nasdaq or other exchanges, reduced access to capital, and diminished investor confidence.

We will need additional capital to fund our operations, which, if obtained, could result in substantial dilution or significant debt service obligations. We may not be able to obtain additional capital on commercially reasonable terms, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.

In order to continue operating, we may need to obtain additional financing, either through borrowings, private placements, public offerings, or some type of business combination, such as a merger, or buyout, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such pursuits. We may be unable to acquire the additional funding necessary to continue operating. Accordingly, if we are unable to generate adequate cash from operations, and if we are unable to find sources of funding, it may be necessary for us to sell one or more lines of business or all or a portion of our assets, enter into a business combination, or reduce or eliminate operations. These possibilities, to the extent available, may be on terms that result in significant dilution to our shareholders or that result in our shareholders losing all of their investment in our Company.

We require significant capital in relation to our Sadot operations, including continuing access to credit markets, to operate our current business and fund our growth strategy. Our working capital requirements, including margin requirements on open positions on futures exchanges, are directly affected by the price of agricultural commodities, which may fluctuate significantly and change quickly. Moreover, the expansion of our business and pursuit of acquisitions or other business opportunities may require significant amounts of capital. Access to credit markets and pricing of our capital is dependent upon maintaining sufficient credit ratings from credit rating agencies. Sufficient credit ratings allow us to access cost competitive tier one commercial paper markets. If we are unable to maintain sufficiently high credit ratings, access to these commercial paper and other debt markets and costs of borrowings could be adversely affected. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or maintain access to adequate external financing, including as a result of significant disruptions in the global credit markets, it could restrict our current operations and our growth opportunities. We manage this risk with constant monitoring of credit/liquidity metrics, cash forecasting, and routine communications with credit rating agencies regarding risk management practices.

If we need to raise additional capital, we do not know what the terms of any such capital raising would be. In addition, any future sale of our equity securities could dilute the ownership and control of your shares and could be at prices substantially below prices at which our shares currently trade. We may seek to increase our cash reserves through the sale of additional equity or debt securities. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional and potentially substantial dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity. In addition, our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure to raise additional funds on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

Our indebtedness could negatively affect our financial condition, decrease our liquidity and impair our ability to operate the business.

If cash on hand is insufficient to pay our obligations or margin calls as they come due at a time when we are unable to draw on our credit facility, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. Our ability to generate cash is dependent on various factors. These factors include general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Certain of our long-term borrowings include provisions that require minimum levels of working capital and equity and impose limitations on additional debt. Our ability to satisfy these provisions can be affected by events beyond our control, such as the demand for and the fluctuating price of commodities. Noncompliance with these provisions could result in default and acceleration of long-term debt payments.

We are subject to global and regional economic downturns and related risks.

The level of demand for our products is affected by global and regional demographic and macroeconomic conditions, including population growth rates and changes in standards of living. A significant downturn in global economic growth, or recessionary conditions in major geographic regions, may lead to reduced demand for agricultural commodities and food products, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, deteriorating economic and political conditions in our major markets, such as inflation, increased unemployment, decreases in disposable income, declines in consumer confidence, uncertainty about economic stability, or economic slowdowns or recessions, could cause a decrease in demand for our products.

Additionally, weak global economic conditions and adverse conditions in global financial and capital markets, including rising interest rates and constraints on the availability of credit, have in the past adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, the financial condition and creditworthiness of the financial institutions that serve as our lenders and as counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative instruments we use to manage risks and some of our customers, suppliers, and other counterparties, which in turn may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We expect the pressures of input cost inflation to continue into 2025. Brazil is experiencing a slowing GDP growth rate coupled with relatively high interest rates, which may result in an uncertain economic and political environment that could in turn lead to reduced demand for our refined and specialty oils and milling products in the country. Argentina has experienced hyperinflation, high fiscal deficit and negative GDP growth in recent quarters, and faces additional uncertainty in connection with the newly-elected President’s anticipated economic and monetary policies. Additionally, a slowdown in China’s economy over a prolonged period, including as a result of population decline, real estate crisis and other factors, could lead to reduced global demand for agricultural commodities. To the extent that such economic and political conditions negatively impact consumer and business confidence and consumption patterns or volumes, our business and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.

We are exposed to adverse weather conditions, pandemic outbreaks, political events, war and terrorism that could disrupt business and may adversely affect the availability, quality and price of agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products, as well as our operations and operating results.

Our headquarters, trade offices, franchised restaurant locations, and farms, as well as certain of our vendors and customers, are located in areas which have been and could be subject to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, blizzards, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires or earthquakes.

Adverse weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the agricultural commodity industry and consequently in our operating results by causing crop failures or significantly reduced harvests, which may affect the supply and pricing of the agricultural commodities that we sell and use in our business, and negatively affect the creditworthiness of agricultural producers who do business with us. Our farming operations are currently solely located in the Mkushi region of Zambia. In this region, adverse weather during the fertilizer application, planting, and harvest seasons can have negative impacts on our crop yields and planting cycles. Adverse crop conditions in the Mkushi region can increase the input costs or lower the market value of our products relative to other market participants that do not have the same geographic concentration.

Severe adverse weather conditions, such as hurricanes and severe storms, may also result in extensive property damage, extended business interruption, personal injuries, and other loss and damage to us. Our operations also rely on dependable and efficient transportation services, including transportation by ocean vessel, river barges, rail, and truck. A disruption in transportation services as a result of weather conditions, such as low river levels following periods of drought, may also have a significant adverse impact on our operations and related supply chains.

Additionally, the potential physical impacts of climate change are uncertain and may vary by region. These potential effects could include changes in rainfall patterns, water shortages, changing sea levels, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels that could adversely impact our costs and business operations, the location, costs and competitiveness of agricultural commodity production and related storage and processing facilities and the supply and demand for agricultural commodities.

These events also could have indirect consequences such as increases in the cost of insurance if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage and the effect could be material to our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

We are subject to economic, political, and other risks of doing business globally and in emerging markets.

We are a global business with a substantial majority of our assets and operations located outside the United States. In addition, our business strategies may involve expanding or developing our business in emerging market regions, including South American, Eastern Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. Due to the international nature of our business, we are exposed to various risks of international operations, including:

These risks could adversely affect our operations, business strategies, and operating results.

As a result of our international operations, we are also exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies, particularly the Brazilian Real, Canadian dollar, Zambian Kwacha, and the euro affect our revenues and expenses that are denominated in local currencies, affect farm economics in those regions and may also have a negative impact on the value of our assets located outside of the United States.

Additionally, there continues to be a great deal of uncertainty regarding U.S. and global trade policies for companies with multinational operations like ours. In recent years, there has been an increase in populism and nationalism in various countries around the world and consequently historical free trade principles are being challenged. As we continue to operate our business globally, our success will depend, in part, on the nature and extent of any such changes and how well we are able to anticipate, respond to and effectively manage any such changes.

Our Company is subject to numerous laws, regulations, and mandates globally which could adversely affect our operating results and forward strategy.

Our Company does business globally, connecting crops and markets in various countries, and is required to comply with laws and regulations administered by the United States federal government as well as state, local, and non-U.S. governmental authorities in numerous areas including: accounting and income taxes, anti-corruption, anti-bribery, global trade, trade sanctions, environmental, product safety, and handling and production of regulated substances. Our Company might face challenges from U.S. and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due including questions regarding the timing, amount of deductions, the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions and further risks related to changing tax laws domestically and globally. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations or appropriately resolve these challenges could subject our Company to administrative, civil, and criminal remedies, including fines, penalties, disgorgement, injunctions, and recalls of its products and damage to its reputation.

Government policies, mandates, and regulations specifically affecting the agricultural sector and related industries; regulatory policies or matters that affect a variety of businesses; taxation polices; and political instability could adversely affect our Company’s operating results.

Agricultural production and trade flows are subject to government policies, mandates, regulations and trade agreements, including taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, incentives, foreign exchange rates and import and export restrictions, including policies related to genetically modified organisms, traceability standards, sustainable practices, product safety and labeling, renewable fuels, and low carbon fuel mandates. These policies can influence the planting of certain crops; the location and size of crop production; whether unprocessed or processed commodity products are traded; the volume and types of imports and exports; the availability and competitiveness of feedstocks as raw materials; the viability and volume of production of certain of our products; and industry profitability. International trade regulations can adversely affect agricultural commodity trade flows by limiting or disrupting trade between countries or regions. Regulations of financial markets and instruments, including the Dodd-Frank Act, Consumer Protection Act, and the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, create uncertainty and may lead to additional risks and costs, and could adversely affect our futures commission merchant business and our agricultural commodity risk management practices. Future government policies may adversely affect the supply of, demand for, and prices of our products; adversely affect our ability to deploy adequate hedging programs; restrict our ability to do business in our existing and target markets; and adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

Our Company’s operating results could be affected by political instability and by changes in monetary, fiscal, trade, and environmental policies, laws, regulations, and acquisition approvals, creating risks including, but not limited to: changes in a country’s or region’s economic or political conditions, local labor conditions and regulations, and safety and environmental regulations; reduced protection of intellectual property rights; changes in the regulatory or legal environment; restrictions on currency exchange activities; currency exchange fluctuations; burdensome taxes and tariffs; enforceability of legal agreements and judgments; adverse tax, administrative agency or judicial outcomes; and regulation or taxation of greenhouse gases. International risks and uncertainties, including changing social and economic conditions as well as terrorism, political hostilities, and war, could limit our ability to transact business in these markets. Our Company benefits from the free flow of agricultural and food and feed ingredient products from the U.S. and other sources to markets around the world. Increases in tariff and restrictive trade activities around the world (e.g., the U.S.-China trade relations dispute, Iran sanctions) could negatively impact our ability to enter certain markets or the price of products may become less competitive in those markets. Proposed tariffs on imports into the United States, potential retaliatory tariffs on U.S. exports, and potential renegotiation of trade deals may impact our existing or planned operations or strategic ventures and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our strategy involves expanding the volume and diversity of crops it merchandises and processes, expanding the global reach of our core model, expanding our value-added product portfolio, and expanding the sustainable agriculture programs and partnerships it participates in. Government policies including, but not limited to, antitrust and competition law, trade restrictions, food safety regulations, sustainability requirements and traceability, can impact our ability to execute this strategy successfully.

Upon the expansion of our operations internationally, we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws.

We have expanded our operations outside the United States for both our restaurant divisions and Sadot. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in preventing our franchisees or other agents from taking actions in violation of these laws or regulations. Such violations, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The availability and prices of the agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products we procure, transport, store, process, and merchandise can be affected by climate change, weather conditions, disease, government programs, competition, and various other factors beyond our control and could adversely affect our operating results.

The availability and prices of agricultural commodities are subject to wide fluctuations, including impacts from factors outside our control, such as changes in weather conditions, climate change, rising sea levels, crop disease, plantings, government programs and policies, competition and changes in global demand, which could adversely affect our operating results. Our Company uses a global network of procurement, processing, as well as robust communications between global commodity merchandiser teams, to continually assess price and basis opportunities. Management-established limits (including a corporate wide value-at-risk metric), with robust internal reporting, help to manage risks in pursuit of driving performance. Additionally, we depend globally on agricultural producers to ensure an adequate supply of agricultural commodities.

Reduced supply of agricultural commodities could adversely affect our profitability by increasing the cost of raw materials and/or limiting our ability to procure, transport, store, process, and merchandise agricultural commodities in an efficient manner. High and volatile commodity prices can place more pressures on short-term working capital funding. Conversely, if supplies are abundant and crop production globally outpaces demand for more than one or two crop cycles, price volatility is somewhat diminished. This could result in reduced operating results due to the lack of supply chain dislocations and reduced market spread and basis opportunities.

Advances in technology, such as seed and crop protection, farming techniques, storage and logistics, and speed of information flow, may reduce the significance of dislocations and arbitrage opportunities in the agricultural global markets, which may reduce the earnings potential of agricultural merchandisers and processors.

We are required to carry significant amounts of inventory across all of our businesses. If a substantial portion of our inventory becomes damaged or obsolete, its value would decrease, and have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial results.

We are exposed to the risk of a decrease in the value of our inventories due to a variety of circumstances in all of our businesses. For example, within our Sadot Agri-Foods business, there is the risk that the quality of our inventory could deteriorate due to damage, moisture, insects, disease or foreign material. If the quality of our inventory were to deteriorate below an acceptable level, the value of our inventory could decrease significantly. In our Sadot farming operations business, planted acreage, and consequently the volume of fertilizer and crop protection products applied, is partially dependent upon government programs and the producer’s perception of demand. Technological advances in agriculture, such as genetically engineered seeds that resist disease and insects, or that meet certain nutritional requirements, could also affect the demand for our crop nutrients and crop protection products. Either of these factors could render some of our inventory obsolete or reduce its value.

We face increasing exposure to country risk in countries that face financial, political, and economic unrest through unsecured credit, inventory, forward contract risk or payment origination that could adversely affect our future results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

 
We have increased our international supply chain operations and exposure. With the increased international presence comes additional country risk through trade flows around the globe with direct exposure to the counterparty, via contract mark-to-market exposure, unsecured accounts receivable or inventory in the country. In certain areas in which we trade (both origination and destination) country risk is more prevalent given the country’s political and/or economic situations. The addition of purchases and sales of grain in vessel sized quantities to support the Sadot Agri-Foods business including farming operations increases the size and potential severity of our country risk. Additionally, there could be a rapid increase in interest rates creating difficulty for our counterparties to access U.S. dollars making it difficult to collect accounts receivable timely.

We are exposed to potential business disruption including, but not limited to, disruption of transportation services, disruption in the supply, and other impacts resulting from acts of terrorism or war, natural disasters, pandemics, severe weather conditions, accidents, or other planned disruptions, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our operations rely on dependable and efficient transportation services the disruption of which could result in difficulties supplying materials to our facilities and impair our ability to deliver products to our customers in a timely manner. Certain factors which may impact the availability of agricultural commodity raw materials are out of our control including, but not limited to, disruptions resulting from weather, high or low river water conditions, economic conditions, manufacturing delays or disruptions at suppliers, shortage of materials, interruption of energy supply and unavailable or poor supplier credit conditions.

We are continuing to enhance and deploy additional food safety and security procedures and controls to appropriately mitigate the risks of any adulteration of the Company’s products in the supply chain.

Our business is seasonal, and our results may fluctuate depending on the harvest cycle of the crops upon which we rely and seasonal fluctuations related to the sale of our consumer products.

As with any agricultural business enterprise, our business operations are seasonal in nature. For example, in our Agribusiness segment, while there is a degree of seasonality in the growing season and procurement of our principal raw materials, such as soybeans and grains, we typically do not experience material fluctuations in volume between the first and second half of the year since we are geographically diversified between the northern and southern hemispheres.

This creates price fluctuations, which result in fluctuations in our inventories and a degree of seasonality in our gross profit. In addition, certain of our consumer food products are other annual events. Seasonality could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance. In addition, our quarterly results may vary as a result of the effects of fluctuations in commodities prices, production yields and costs.

We are vulnerable to the effects of supply and demand imbalances in our industries.

Historically, the market for some agricultural commodities and fertilizer products has been cyclical, with periods of high demand and capacity utilization stimulating new plant investment and the addition of incremental processing or production capacity by industry participants to meet the demand. The timing and extent of this expansion may then produce excess supply conditions in the market, which, until the supply/demand balance is again restored, negatively impacts product prices and operating results. During times of reduced market demand, we may suspend or reduce production at some of our facilities. The extent to which we efficiently manage available capacity at our facilities will affect our profitability.

Our Company may fail to realize the benefits of or experience delays in the execution of its growth strategy, which encompasses organic and inorganic initiatives, including those outside the U.S. and in businesses where our Company does not currently have a large presence.

As we execute our growth strategy, through both organic and inorganic growth, we may encounter risks which could result in increased costs, decreased revenues and delayed synergies. Growth in new geographies outside the U.S. can expose us to volatile economic, political and regulatory risks that may negatively impact our operations and ability to achieve our growth strategy. Expanding businesses where we have limited presence may expose us to risks related to the inability to identify an appropriate partner or target and favorable terms, inability to retain/hire strategic talent or integration risks that may require significant management resources that would have otherwise been available for ongoing growth or operational initiatives. Acquisitions may involve unanticipated delays, costs and other problems. Due diligence performed prior to an acquisition may not identify a material liability or issue that could impact our reputation or adversely affect results of operations resulting in a reduction of the anticipated acquisition benefits. Additionally, acquisitions may involve integration risks such as: internal control effectiveness, system integration risks, the risk of impairment charges related to goodwill and other intangibles, ability to retain acquired employees and other unanticipated risks.

Failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.

 
Our growth plan includes expansion into multiple verticals of the food supply chain, including expansion into new commodity trade routes and geographies, farming & warehousing, logistics & transportation, food processing, restaurant franchising, sustainability and carbon offsets. Our existing management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may be inadequate to support our planned expansion. Managing our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance these systems, procedures and controls and to hire, train and retain managers and team members. We may not respond quickly enough to the changing demands that our expansion will impose on our management, restaurant teams and existing infrastructure, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company may not be able to effectively integrate businesses it acquires.

 
We continuously look for opportunities to enhance our existing businesses through strategic acquisitions. The process of integrating an acquired business into our existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures as well as require a significant amount of management resources. There is also the risk that our due diligence efforts may not uncover significant business flaws or hidden liabilities. In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition and they may not generate the anticipated financial results. Additional risks may include the inability to effectively integrate the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies. The inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies would also negatively impact operations.

Failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.

Our growth plan includes expansion into multiple verticals of the food supply chain, including expansion into new commodity trade routes and geographies, farming & warehousing, logistics & transportation, food processing, restaurant franchising, sustainability and carbon offsets. Our existing management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may be inadequate to support our planned expansion. Managing our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance these systems, procedures and controls and to hire, train and retain managers and team members. We may not respond quickly enough to the changing demands that our expansion will impose on our management, restaurant teams and existing infrastructure, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, divestitures or joint ventures.

Part of our strategy involves acquisitions, alliances and joint ventures designed to expand or optimize our portfolio of businesses. Our ability to benefit from acquisitions, joint ventures, and alliances depends on many factors, including our ability to identify suitable prospects, access funding sources on acceptable terms, negotiate favorable transaction terms, and successfully consummate and integrate any businesses we acquire. In addition, we proactively review our portfolio of businesses in order to identify opportunities to enhance shareholder value and may decide as a result of such reviews or otherwise, from time to time, to divest certain of our assets or businesses by selling them or entering into joint ventures. Our ability to successfully complete a divestiture will depend on, among other things, our ability to identify buyers that are prepared to acquire such assets or businesses on acceptable terms and to adjust and optimize our retained businesses following the divestiture.

Our acquisition, joint venture, or divestiture activities may involve unanticipated delays, costs, and other problems. If we encounter unexpected problems with acquisitions, joint ventures, or divestitures, our senior management may be required to divert attention away from other aspects of our businesses to address these problems. Additionally, we may fail to consummate proposed acquisitions, joint ventures or divestitures, after incurring expenses and devoting substantial resources, including management time, to such transactions.

Acquisitions also pose the risk that we may be exposed to successor liability relating to actions by an acquired company and its management before the acquisition. The due diligence we conduct in connection with an acquisition, the controls and policies we implement at acquired companies, and any contractual guarantees or indemnities that we receive from the sellers of acquired companies, may not be sufficient to protect us from, or compensate us for, actual liabilities. A material liability associated with an acquisition could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations and reduce the benefits of the acquisition. Additionally, acquisitions involve other risks, such as differing levels of management and internal control effectiveness at the acquired entities, systems integration risks, the risk of impairment charges relating to goodwill and intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions, the risk of significant accounting charges and expenses resulting from the completion and integration of a sizable acquisition, the need to fund increased capital expenditures and working capital requirements, our ability to retain and motivate employees of acquired entities, compliance and reputational risks and other unanticipated problems and liabilities.

Divestitures may also expose us to potential liabilities or claims for indemnification, as we may be required to retain certain liabilities or indemnify buyers for certain matters, including legal, environmental, or litigation matters associated with the assets or businesses that we sell. The magnitude of any such retained liability or indemnification obligation may be difficult to quantify at the time of the transaction and its cost to us could ultimately exceed the proceeds we receive for the divested assets or businesses. Divestitures also have other inherent risks, including possible delays in closing transactions (including potential difficulties in obtaining regulatory approvals), the risk of lower-than-expected sales proceeds for the divested businesses and unexpected costs or other difficulties associated with the separation of the businesses to be sold from our information technology systems and other management processes, including the loss of key personnel. Further, expected cost savings or other anticipated efficiencies or benefits from divestitures may also be difficult to achieve or maximize.

Additionally, we joint ventures and investments in which we have limited control over governance, financial reporting, and operations. As a result, we face certain operating, financial, and other risks relating to these investments, including risks related to the financial strength of our joint venture partners or their willingness to provide adequate funding for the joint venture, having differing objectives from our partners, the inability to implement some actions with respect to the joint venture’s activities that we may believe are favorable if the joint venture partner does not agree, compliance risks relating to actions of the joint venture or our partners, and the risk that we will be unable to effectively work with or resolve disputes with the joint venture partner. As a result, these investments may contribute significantly less than anticipated to our earnings and cash flows.

We outsource certain aspects of our business to third-party vendors and consultants which subjects us to risks, including disruptions in our business and increased costs.

 
We have outsourced certain administrative functions for our business to third-party service providers. We also outsource certain information technology support services and benefit plan administration. Our Sadot Agri-Foods operations have relied on Aggia LLC FZ as third-party consultants to execute commodity trades and conduct farming operations. In the future, we may outsource other functions to achieve cost savings and efficiencies. If the service providers to which we outsource these functions do not perform effectively, we may not be able to achieve the expected cost savings and may have to incur additional costs in connection with such failure to perform. Depending on the function involved, such failures may also lead to business disruption, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, the loss of sales and customers, the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach, and the loss of sensitive data through security breach or otherwise. Any such damage or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause us to face significant fines, customer notice obligations or costly litigation, harm our reputation with our customers or prevent us from paying our collective suppliers or employees or receiving payments on a timely basis.

In the event our consulting agreement with Aggia LLC FZ were to terminate, or were to prove unsuccessful, our food origination and trading operations would be negatively impacted and we may be forced to curtail or cease operations in this business segment.

Sadot Agri-Foods, is an international agri-commodities company engaged in the trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets across the globe. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of our diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, business lines throughout the food value chain and is our largest operating unit. Sadot Agri-Foods has engaged Aggia LLC FZ, a major shareholder of Sadot Group (“Aggia”) to provide critical consulting services. On November 14, 2022, the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia entered into the Services Agreement pursuant to which Aggia agreed to provide services with respect to the operations of Sadot Agri-Foods. In the event Aggia were to terminate their agreement, our food origination and trading operations would be negatively impacted and we may be forced to curtail or cease operations in this business segment.

We face increasing competition and pricing pressure from other companies in our industries. If we are unable to compete effectively with these companies, our sales and profit margins would decrease, and our earnings and cash flows would be adversely affected.

 
The markets for our products in each of our business segments are highly competitive. While we have substantial operations in certain of the regions where we operate, some of our competitors are significantly larger, compete in wider markets, have greater purchasing power, and have considerably larger financial resources. We also may enter into new markets where our brand is not recognized and in which we do not have an established customer base. Competitive pressures in all of our businesses could affect the price of, and customer demand for, our products, thereby negatively impacting our profit margins and resulting in a loss of market share.

The restaurant industry is intensely competitive, and we compete with many well-established food service companies on the basis of product choice, quality, affordability, service and location. Each of our brands also competes for qualified franchisees, suitable restaurant locations and management and personnel. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial resources, higher revenues and greater economies of scale than we do. These advantages may allow them to implement their operational strategies more quickly or effectively than we can or benefit from changes in technologies, which could harm our competitive position. If we are unable to maintain our competitive position, we could experience lower demand for products, downward pressure on prices, reduced margins, an inability to take advantage of new business opportunities, a loss of market share, reduced franchisee profitability and an inability to attract qualified franchisees in the future. Any of these competitive factors may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The interests of our franchisees may conflict with ours or yours in the future and we could face liability from our franchisees or related to our relationship with our franchisees.

Franchisees, as independent business operators, may from time to time disagree with us and our strategies regarding the business or our interpretation of our respective rights and obligations under the franchise agreement and the terms and conditions of the franchisee/franchisor relationship. This may lead to disputes with our franchisees, and we expect such disputes to occur from time to time in the future as we continue to offer franchises. Such disputes may result in legal action against us. To the extent we have such disputes, the attention, time and financial resources of our management and our franchisees will be diverted from our restaurants, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows even if we have a successful outcome in the dispute.

In addition, various state and federal laws govern our relationship with our franchisees and our potential sale of a franchise. A franchisee and/or a government agency may bring legal action against us based on the franchisee/franchisor relationships that could result in the award of damages to franchisees and/or the imposition of fines or other penalties against us.

We have limited control with respect to the operations of our franchisees, which could have a negative impact on our business.

Franchisees are independent business operators and are not our employees, and we do not exercise control over the day-to-day operations of their restaurants. We provide training and support to franchisees, and set and monitor operational standards, but the quality of franchised restaurants may be diminished by any number of factors beyond our control. Consequently, franchisees may not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements or may not hire and train qualified managers and other restaurant personnel. If franchisees do not operate to our expectations, our image and reputation, and the image and reputation of other franchisees, may suffer materially and system-wide sales could decline significantly, which would reduce our royalty and other revenues, and the impact on profitability could be greater than the percentage decrease in royalties and fees.

The failure to enforce and maintain our trademarks and protect our other intellectual property could materially adversely affect our business, including our ability to establish and maintain brand awareness.

 
We have registered Sadot®, Pokémoto®, Muscle Maker Grill® and other certain names used by our restaurants as trademarks or service marks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and Muscle Maker Grill® in one foreign country. Our brand campaign, Great Food with Your Health in Mind™ and Get in the Aloha State of Mind™ have also been approved for registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, the Sadot, Muscle Maker Grill and Pokémoto logos, recipes, website name and addresses (www.sadotgroupinc.com, www.musclemakergrill.com and www.pokemoto.com) and Facebook, Instagram, Linkedin, Twitter and other social media and internet accounts are our intellectual property as well as Muscle Maker Grill and Pokémoto recipes and trade dress. We maintain the recipe for our healthy inspired recipes, as well as certain proprietary standards, specifications and operating procedures, as trade secrets or confidential proprietary information. The success of our business strategy depends on our continued ability to use our existing trademarks and service marks in order to increase brand awareness and develop our branded products. If our efforts to protect our intellectual property are not adequate, or if any third-party misappropriates or infringes on our intellectual property, whether in print, on the Internet or through other media, the value of our brands may be harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, including the failure of our brands and branded products to achieve and maintain market acceptance. There can be no assurance that all of the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property in the United States and in foreign countries will be adequate. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.

As of November 2025 we are in the last phase of negotiations and closing of the restaurant transaction. There is no assurance that given the demand by parties holding a secured lien over the assets that we will be able to sell the restaurants in a timely manner or at all.

Third-party claims with respect to intellectual property assets, if decided against us, may result in competing uses or require adoption of new, non-infringing intellectual property, which may in turn adversely affect sales and revenues.

 
There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us, or assert claims that our rights in our trademarks, service marks, trade dress and other intellectual property assets are invalid or unenforceable. Any such claims could have a material adverse effect on us or our franchisees if such claims were to be decided against us. If our rights in any intellectual property were invalidated or deemed unenforceable, it could permit competing uses of intellectual property which, in turn, could lead to a decline in overall or restaurant revenues. If the intellectual property became subject to third-party infringement, misappropriation or other claims, and such claims were decided against us, we may be forced to pay damages, be required to develop or adopt non-infringing intellectual property or be obligated to acquire a license to the intellectual property that is the subject of the asserted claim. There could be significant expenses associated with the defense of any infringement, misappropriation, or other third-party claims.

Our information technology systems, processes and sites may suffer interruptions, security breaches or failures that may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business

 
We rely on certain key information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, to provide critical data and services for internal and external users, including procurement and inventory management, transaction processing, financial, commercial and operational data, human resources management, legal and tax compliance, and other information and processes necessary to operate and manage our business. If we or our third party service providers do not respond or perform effectively in connection with a cybersecurity breach or system failure, our business may be impacted.

Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats and more sophisticated and targeted cybersecurity attacks pose a potentially significant risk to the security of our information technology systems, networks and services, as well as the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and the confidential data of our employees, customers, suppliers and other third parties that we may hold. Such vulnerabilities include, among other things, social engineering threats and more sophisticated computer crime, including advanced persistent threats and zero-day vulnerability exploits. We may incur significant costs in protecting against potential security breaches, cyber-based attacks, or other cybersecurity incidents. We and our third-party service providers are targeted by malicious actors and expect such incidents to continue and the frequency and severity of such attacks to increase. While we have implemented cybersecurity and data protection measures, our efforts to minimize the risks and impacts of cyberattacks and protect our information technology systems may be insufficient and we may experience significant breaches or other failures or disruptions that could compromise our systems and the information we store and, ultimately, affect our business operations and results of operations. Additionally, hybrid or remote work arrangements among our employees and employees of our third-party providers present additional operational risks to our information technology systems, including, but not limited to, increased risks of cyberattacks and security breaches. We are also exposed to the risk of insider threat attacks. New technology that could result in greater operational efficiency may further expose our computer systems to the risk of cyberattacks.

In addition, the risk of cybersecurity incidents, including cyberattacks against the Ukrainian government and other countries in the region, has increased in connection with the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, driven by justifications such as retaliation for the sanctions imposed in conjunction with the war, or in response to certain companies’ continued operations in Russia. It is possible that these attacks could have collateral effects on additional critical infrastructure and financial institutions globally. While we no longer have operations in Russia, we do have operations in the region that, along with our operations globally, could be adversely affected by these attacks, including cyber-based attacks against our information technology systems, or be at risk to collateral effects of such attacks. While we have taken actions to mitigate such potential risks, the proliferation of malware from the war into systems unrelated to the war, or cyberattacks against U.S. companies in retaliation for U.S. sanctions against Russia, or U.S. support of Ukraine, could also adversely affect our operations.

We have implemented security policies, training programs, measures and disaster recovery plans designed to prevent, detect and mitigate cyber-based attacks, and to protect the security and continuity of our networks and critical systems. These measures may not adequately prevent adverse events such as breaches or failures from occurring, or mitigate their severity if they do occur.

If our information technology systems are breached, damaged or fail to function properly due to any number of causes, such as security breaches or cyber-based attacks, systems implementation difficulties, catastrophic events or power outages, and our security, contingency disaster recovery, or other risk mitigation plans do not effectively mitigate these occurrences on a timely basis, we may experience a material disruption in our ability to manage our business operations and produce financial reports, as well as significant costs and lost business opportunities until they are remediated. Further, our sensitive information may be compromised and we may suffer representational harm.

We are also subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding data privacy, data protection, and data security, including laws related to the collection, storage, handling, use, disclosure, transfer, and security of personal information. Data privacy regulations continue to evolve, and non-compliance with such regulations, including as a result of adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, could subject the Company to legal claims or proceedings, potential regulatory fines and penalties and damage to our reputation. These factors may adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as our competitive position.

Human capital requirements may not be sufficient to effectively support global operations.

Our global operations function with trained individuals necessary for the warehousing, and shipping of raw materials for products used in other areas of manufacturing or sold as inputs or products to third-party customers. Our Company has various methods and tactics to mitigate potential shortfalls.

Matters relating to employment and labor law may adversely affect our business.

Various federal and state labor laws govern our relationships with our employees and affect operating costs. These laws include employee classifications as exempt or non-exempt, minimum wage requirements, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, citizenship requirements and other wage and benefit requirements for employees classified as non-exempt. Significant additional government regulations and new laws, including mandating increases in minimum wages, changes in exempt and non-exempt status, or mandated benefits such as health insurance could materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow. Furthermore, if our or our franchisees’ employees unionize, it could materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow.

We are also subject in the ordinary course of business to employee claims against us based, among other things, on discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination or violation of wage and labor laws. Such claims could also be asserted against us by employees of our franchisees. Moreover, claims asserted against franchisees may at times be made against us as a franchisor. These claims may divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit our operations. The ongoing expense of any resulting lawsuits, and any substantial settlement payment or damage award against us, could adversely affect our business, brand image, employee recruitment, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

In addition, various states in which we operate are considering or have already adopted new immigration laws or enforcement programs, and the United States Congress and Department of Homeland Security from time to time consider and may implement changes to federal immigration laws, regulations or enforcement programs as well. Some of these changes may increase our obligations for compliance and oversight, which could subject us to additional costs and make our hiring process more cumbersome or reduce the availability of potential employees. Although we require all workers to provide us with government-specified documentation evidencing their employment eligibility, some of our employees may, without our knowledge, be unauthorized workers. Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties, and if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that negatively impacts our brand and may make it more difficult to hire and keep qualified employees. Termination of a significant number of employees who were unauthorized employees may disrupt our operations, cause temporary increases in our labor costs as we train new employees and result in additional adverse publicity. We could also become subject to fines, penalties and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all recordkeeping obligations of federal and state immigration compliance laws. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Finally, the Company has employees who reside in different countries around the world who have specific labor law requirements we are subject to follow.

We depend on our executive officers, the loss of whom could materially harm our business.

 
We rely upon the accumulated knowledge, skills and experience of our executive officers, significant employees and expertise of our hired consultants. Our executive officers, significant employees and hired consultants have significant experience in food service, international and agri-foods industries. If they were to leave us or become incapacitated, we might suffer in our planning and execution of business strategy and operations, impacting our brand and financial results. We also do not maintain any key man life insurance policies for any of our employees.

Our risk management strategies may not be effective.

Our business is affected by fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, energy prices, interest rates, and foreign currency exchange rates. We engage in hedging transactions to manage these risks. However, our exposures may not always be fully hedged, and our hedging strategies may not be successful in minimizing our exposure to these fluctuations. In addition, our risk management strategies may seek to position our overall portfolio relative to expected market movements. While we have implemented a broad range of risk monitoring and control procedures and policies to mitigate potential losses, they may not in all cases be successful in anticipating a significant risk exposure and protecting us from losses that have the potential to impair our financial position.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock and Lack of Liquidity

As a smaller reporting company, we are exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our Common Stock less attractive to the potential investors.

Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:

As a smaller reporting company, we will not be required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies which could make our Common Stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.

We have a limited number of authorized shares of common stock, which may restrict our ability to raise additional capital without shareholder approval.

Our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, authorizes the issuance of only 2,000,000 shares of common stock, of which approximately 1,300,000 shares are issued and outstanding. This leaves approximately 700,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance without further shareholder approval, which will be further reduced if we implement the Purchase Agreement with Helena. If we seek to raise additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, including in public or private offerings, pursuant to employee equity incentive plans, upon exercise of outstanding warrants or options, or in connection with acquisitions or other strategic transactions, we may exhaust our remaining authorized but unissued shares. In such event, we would be unable to issue additional shares of common stock unless and until our shareholders approve an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock. Obtaining such shareholder approval requires the solicitation of proxies, the preparation and filing of a proxy statement with the SEC, and the holding of a special or annual meeting of shareholders, which processes are time-consuming, costly, and uncertain in outcome. There can be no assurance that our shareholders will approve any proposed increase in authorized shares, or that such approval will be obtained on a timely basis, if at all. If we are unable to obtain shareholder approval to increase our authorized shares, or if there are delays in doing so, we may be precluded from pursuing capital-raising opportunities, funding our operations, executing acquisitions, or satisfying existing obligations, any of which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the need to seek shareholder approval for an increase in authorized shares may deter potential investors or limit our flexibility in responding to market conditions or strategic opportunities.

We are subject to significant pending litigation that, if resolved unfavorably, could result in substantial monetary damages exceeding our current financial resources and potentially lead to bankruptcy.

We are involved in multiple material legal proceedings with aggregate claimed damages that would exceed our cash availability (excluding interest, punitive damages, and counterclaim-related exposures). These include a lawsuit in Zambia seeking rescission of agreements and damages, and an arbitration in London for alleged non-delivery and breach of contract. Although we believe we have meritorious defenses and have asserted substantial counterclaims, litigation outcomes are inherently uncertain. An adverse judgment or series of judgments in one or more of these matters could require payments that exceed our available cash, insurance coverage, and access to capital, which could materially impair our liquidity, force us to seek additional financing on unfavorable terms, or result in insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings.

We are an emerging growth company and subject to less rigorous public reporting requirements and cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

We are a public reporting company under the Exchange Act, and thereafter publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, which we refer to as the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company”, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including but not limited to:

We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, if we issue $1 billion or more in non-convertible debt during a three-year period, or if our annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion. We would cease to be an emerging growth company on the last day of the fiscal year following the date of the fifth anniversary of our first sale of common equity securities under an effective registration statement or a fiscal year in which we have $1 billion in gross revenues. Finally, at any time we may choose to opt-out of the emerging growth company reporting requirements. If we choose to opt out, we will be unable to opt back in to being an emerging growth company.

We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

As an emerging growth company, our auditor is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting while we are an emerging growth company. This means that the effectiveness of our financial operations may differ from our peer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting and we are not. While our management will be required to attest to internal control over financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls on a quarterly basis, we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm’s review process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will be subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.

As a public company, we will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we have incurred significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the rules of the SEC and those of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”), NASDAQ Capital Market has imposed various requirements on public companies including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costlier. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting the later of our second annual report on Form 10-K or the first annual report on Form 10-K following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts.

We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the exchange we are listed on, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with Section 404 requires us to be able to prepare timely and accurate financial statements. We expect that we will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on trading prices for our common stock, and could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.

In addition to the “penny stock” rules described above, FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative, low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. The FINRA requirements may make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our Common Stock, which may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in our Common Stock. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our common stock, reducing a stockholder’s ability to resell shares of our Common Stock.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our Common Stock has been highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various potential factors, many of which will be beyond our control, including the following:

In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will, to some extent, depends on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our shares, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future, which could reduce the attractiveness of our stock to some investors.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases. In addition, we may incur debt financing to further finance our operations, the governing documents of which may contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

If we are unable to maintain listing of our securities on the NASDAQ Capital Market or another reputable stock exchange, it may be more difficult for our stockholders to sell their securities.

NASDAQ requires listing issuers to comply with certain standards in order to remain listed on its exchange. If, for any reason, NASDAQ should delist our securities from trading on its exchange and we are unable to obtain listing on another reputable national securities exchange, a reduction in some or all of the following may occur, each of which could materially adversely affect our stockholders.

If our shares of Common Stock become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.

The Commission has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price per share of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not obtain or retain a listing on the NYSE American or NASDAQ Capital Market and if the price of our Common Stock is less than $5.00 per share, our Common Stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before effecting a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that, before effecting any such transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive; (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our Common Stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Nevada law may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our Company and, therefore, may depress the trading price of our stock.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions that may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable. These provisions:

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

In the past companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could seriously hurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

Risks Related to the Equity Line

Substantial blocks of our common stock may be sold into the market as a result of the shares sold to Helena under the Purchase Agreement, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of shares of our common stock, if there is a large number of shares of our common stock available for sale, or if there is the perception that these sales could occur.

On September 23, 2025, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Helena. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to Helena, from time to time as provided therein, and Helena shall purchase from the Company, up to the Commitment Amount of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement except as specified therein. Under the Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver an Advance Notice to Helena to purchase a portion of the Commitment Amount (each, an “Advance”). The amount of each Advance may not exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, which is the lesser of (i) 100% of the average of the Daily Value Traded of the Common Stock over the ten (10) Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice, and (ii) $5,000,000, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties. For purposes of the Purchase Agreement, “Daily Value Traded” is the product obtained by multiplying the daily trading volume of the Common Stock on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P., by the VWAP for such Trading Day. The shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to an Advance will be purchased at the Purchase Price equal to 97% of the lowest daily closing VWAP during the Pricing Period minus clearing fees, brokerage fees, transfer agent fees and legal costs associated with the applicable Advance; provided that if during any Trading Day during the Pricing Period the VWAP at the end of any given 1-hour interval has changed by +/- 7% versus the previous 1-hour interval, the VWAP for such Trading Day will be deemed to be 90% of Helena’s sale execution for that day in respect of the Common Stock. The Pricing Period is generally three (3) Trading Days commencing on the date of Helena’s receipt of the Common Stock relating to such Advance (subject to adjustments for Secondary Advances). The last 30 minutes of trading on such Trading Day during the Pricing Period will be deemed as the final “1-hour” interval of such Trading Day.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed that if it has not submitted Advance Notices in an aggregate amount of at least $2,000,000 (the “Threshold Amount”) prior to the date that is six (6) months following the effective date of the registration, it shall pay to Helena in liquidated damages the amount of $100,000 for every 30 day period thereafter until it shall have submitted Advance Notices in an amount equal to the Threshold Amount. Sales of shares of Common Stock to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will be subject to certain limitations, including (i) an Ownership Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue, and Helena shall not purchase, any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would cause Helena’s beneficial ownership to exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) a Registration Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would exceed the number of Registrable Securities registered on an effective Registration Statement, and (iii) an Exchange Cap providing that the Company shall not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in an amount that would exceed 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless stockholder approval is obtained.

Any issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to this facility will dilute the percentage ownership of stockholders and may dilute the per share projected earnings (if any) or book value of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or other issuances of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales or issuances could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and may make it more difficult for you to sell your shares at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to Helena at any one time or in total, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of common stock to Helena under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our common stock, if any, to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors. We may ultimately decide to sell to Purchase Agreement all, some or none of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell to Helena pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by Helena for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to Helena under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the applicable the pricing period, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date hereof and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to Helena under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that Helena will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by Helena under the Purchase Agreement, if any.

In addition, we will not be able to issue shares of common stock in excess of 20% of our issuance and outstanding shares of common stock as of the date of the Purchase Agreement until approved by the shareholders of the Company under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules. Depending on the market prices of our common stock in the future, this could be a significant limitation on the amount of funds we are able to raise pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Other limitations in the Purchase Agreement, including the Ownership Limitation, and our ability to meet the conditions necessary to deliver an Advance Notice, could also prevent us from being able to raise funds up to the $10.0 million commitment amount.

Moreover, although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of our common stock to Helena, only 386,151 shares of our common stock have been registered for resale by Helena under the registration statement consisting of (i) the 13,849 commitment shares that we issued to Helena upon execution of the Purchase Agreement as consideration for its commitment to purchase our common stock under the Purchase Agreement and (ii) up to 386,151 shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to Helena, in our sole discretion, from time to time from and after the date of, and pursuant to, the Purchase Agreement. Even if we elect to sell to Helena all of the shares of common stock that have been registered for resale, depending on the market prices of our common stock at the time of such sales, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $10.0 million commitment amount under the Purchase Agreement, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity.

If we desire to issue and sell to Helena under the Purchase Agreement more than the 386,151 shares registered, and the Exchange Cap provisions and other limitations in the Purchase Agreement would allow us to do so, we would need to file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by Helena of any such additional shares of our common stock and the SEC would have to declare such registration statement or statements effective before we could sell additional shares.

Further, the resale by Helena of a significant amount of shares registered for resale at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and to be highly volatile.

The sale and issuance of our shares of Common Stock to Helena will cause dilution to our existing shareholders, and the sale of the shares of Common Stock acquired by Helena, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our Common Stock to fall.

The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our shares of Common Stock. Depending on a number of factors, including market liquidity, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our Common Stock to fall. If and when we do sell shares to Helena, Helena may resell all, some, or none of those shares at its discretion, subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement. Therefore, sales to Helena by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our shares of Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock to Helena, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a desirable time and price. The resale of shares of Common Stock by Helena in the public market or otherwise, or the perception that such sales could occur, could also harm the prevailing market price of our shares of Common Stock.

Following these issuances described above and as restrictions on resale end and registration statements are available for use, the market price of our shares of Common Stock could decline if the holders of restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our shares of Common Stock.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to Helena. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our common stock to Helena pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Helena may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from Helena in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from Helena in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to Helena at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering.

Our current business plans require a significant amount of capital. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding or do not have access to capital, we may not be able to execute our business plans and our prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 
The extent to which we rely on Helena as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors, including the prevailing market price of our common stock, our ability to meet the conditions necessary to deliver Advance Notices under the Purchase Agreement, the impacts of the Exchange Cap and the Ownership Limitation and the extent to which we are able to secure funding from other sources. In addition to the amount of funds we ultimately raise under the Purchase, if any, we expect to continue to seek other sources of funding, including by offering additional equity, and/or equity-linked securities, through one or more credit facilities and potentially by offering debt securities, to finance a portion of our future expenditures.

We have experienced operating losses, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses as we implement our business plans. We expect our capital expenditures to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as we expand our business. We expect to expend capital with significant outlays directed towards servicing our Sadot Agri-Foods, Sadot restaurant group and Sadot farming operations. The fact that we have a limited operating history with respect to the Agri-Foods and farming operations business means we have limited historical data on the demand for our services. As a result, our capital requirements are uncertain and actual capital requirements may be different from those we currently anticipate. In addition, new opportunities for growth in future product lines and markets may arise and may require additional capital.

We entered into the Purchase Agreement whereby we will have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Helena up to $10.0 million of our shares of common stock. However, our right to sell shares under the Purchase Agreement is subject to certain conditions that may not be satisfied. Accordingly, we may not be able to utilize this facility to raise additional capital when, or in the amounts, we may require.

As an early-stage growth company, our ability to access capital is critical. We expect that we will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute our business plans in the future, and we plan to use the Purchase Agreement, if the conditions for its use are satisfied and seek additional equity and/or debt financing, including by offering additional equity, and/or equity-linked securities, through one or more credit facilities and potentially by offering debt securities, to finance a portion of our future expenditures.

The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Our ability to obtain the necessary additional financing to carry out our business plans or to refinance, if necessary, any outstanding debt when due is subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions and investor acceptance of our business model. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractive or unavailable to us. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds on favorable terms, we may have to significantly reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We might not be able to obtain any such funding or we might not have sufficient resources to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations and our prospects, financial consolidated results of operations could be materially adversely affected, in which case our investors could lose some or all of their investment.

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from the Purchase Agreement, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.

Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from the Purchase Agreement to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such proceeds. Our management may use the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or advance our business objectives.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The information in this prospectus includes “forward-looking statements”. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this prospectus, regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus, the words “could,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “may,” “might,” “likely to,” “aim,” “goal,” “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions about future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events. Nevertheless, and despite the fact that management’s expectations and estimates are based on assumptions management believes to be reasonable and data management believes to be reliable, our actual results, performance or achievements are subject to future risks and uncertainties, any of which could materially affect our actual performance. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our future financial performance, including the following:

Although the forward-looking statements included herein, and any assumptions upon which they are based, are made in good faith and reflect our current judgment regarding the direction of our business, actual results will almost always vary, sometimes materially, from any estimates, predictions, projections, assumptions or other future performance suggested herein. Except as required by applicable law, including by the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

EQUITY LINE FINANCING

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by Helena of up to the Commitment Amount in shares of Common Stock of Sadot Group that may be issued by us to Helena pursuant to that certain Purchase Agreement. From time to time, we may register additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, in excess of the 400,000 shares initially registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement as well as the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you purchase any of the securities offered hereby. The actual number of shares of our Common Stock issuable will vary depending on the then-current market price of shares of our Common Stock sold to Helena under the Purchase Agreement, but will not exceed the number set forth on the cover page of this prospectus unless we file an additional registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). See “Selling Stockholder” beginning on page 72 of this prospectus for additional information regarding Helena.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to Helena, from time to time as provided therein, and Helena shall purchase from the Company, up to the Commitment Amount of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement except as specified therein.

Under the Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver written notices (each, an “Advance Notice”) to Helena to purchase a portion of the Commitment Amount (each, an “Advance”). The amount of each Advance may not exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, which is the lesser of (i) 100% of the average of the Daily Value Traded of the Common Stock over the ten (10) Trading Days immediately preceding an Advance Notice, and (ii) $5,000,000, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties. For purposes of the Purchase Agreement, “Daily Value Traded” is the product obtained by multiplying the daily trading volume of the Common Stock on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P., by the VWAP for such Trading Day.

The shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to an Advance will be purchased at a price (the “Purchase Price”) equal to 97% of the lowest daily closing VWAP during the Pricing Period minus clearing fees, brokerage fees, transfer agent fees and legal costs associated with the applicable Advance; provided that if during any Trading Day during the Pricing Period the VWAP at the end of any given 1-hour interval has changed by +/- 7% versus the previous 1-hour interval, the VWAP for such Trading Day will be deemed to be 90% of Helena’s sale execution for that day in respect of the Common Stock. The Pricing Period is generally three (3) Trading Days commencing on the date of Helena’s receipt of the Common Stock relating to such Advance (subject to adjustments for Secondary Advances). The last 30 minutes of trading on such Trading Day during the Pricing Period will be deemed as the final “1-hour” interval of such Trading Day.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed that if it has not submitted Advance Notices in an aggregate amount of at least $2,000,000 (the “Threshold Amount”) prior to the date that is six (6) months following the effective date of the registration, it shall pay to Helena in liquidated damages the amount of $100,000 for every 30 day period thereafter until it shall have submitted Advance Notices in an amount equal to the Threshold Amount.

Sales of shares of Common Stock to Helena under the Purchase Agreement will be subject to certain limitations, including (i) an Ownership Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue, and Helena shall not purchase, any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would cause Helena’s beneficial ownership to exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) a Registration Limitation providing that the Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock if such issuance would exceed the number of Registrable Securities registered on an effective Registration Statement, and (iii) an Exchange Cap providing that the Company shall not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in an amount that would exceed 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless stockholder approval is obtained. On September 23, 2025, the Company entered into the Engagement Agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Engagement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee of 1.25% of the net proceeds drawn from the Purchase Agreement.

In consideration for Helena’s execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Helena 13,849 shares of Common Stock or Commitment Fee Shares having an aggregate value of $100,000, calculated as $100,000 divided by the lowest one-day VWAP during the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the entry into the Purchase Agreement (the “Original Commitment Fee Share Amount”). If the closing price of the Common Stock on the Principal Market on the Trading Day the Registration Statement is declared effective is less than the Commitment Fee Share Reference Price, the Company shall issue additional Make-Whole Shares such that the total Commitment Fee Shares equal $100,000 divided by such closing price, minus the Original Commitment Fee Share Amount. The Commitment Fee Shares will bear a standard restrictive legend and be Registrable Securities under the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company, indemnification rights, and agreements of the parties, as well as certain customary covenants.

The Purchase Agreement will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the expiration of the Commitment Period (which commences on the date of the Purchase Agreement and expires upon termination in accordance with the Purchase Agreement), (ii) the date on which Helena shall have purchased the total Commitment Amount pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, (iii) the date the Purchase Agreement is terminated pursuant to its terms, or (iv) the date on which the Common Stock fails to be listed or quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other eligible market.

The Company has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC within 15 days of the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Filing Deadline”) and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have it declared effective in no event later than 90 calendar days following the date of the Purchase Agreement (“Effectiveness Deadline”). If the Registration Statement is not filed by the Filing Deadline or declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline, the Company will be unable to issue Advances under the Purchase Agreement until such registration statement is filed and effective, as Helena would be unable to resell the shares without an effective Registration Statement. Such failure may constitute a material breach of the Purchase Agreement, entitling Helena to terminate the Agreement and seek other remedies, including indemnification for any losses incurred. If the registration statement is not filed on or prior to the Filing Deadline or a registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC by the Effectiveness Deadline, then, in addition to any other rights Helena may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date, the Company shall pay to Helena an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the Commitment Amount.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from any sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes.

We are registering the shares on behalf of Helena, to be offered and sold by it from time to time. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock by Helena pursuant to this prospectus. We may receive up to $10,000,000 in aggregate gross proceeds from Helena under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of the shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices after the date of this prospectus. However, the actual proceeds from Helena may be less than this amount depending on the number of shares of our Common Stock sold and the price at which the shares of our Common Stock are sold. The purchase price per share that Helena will pay for shares of Common Stock purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the market price of our shares at the time we elect to sell shares to Helena and, further, to the extent that the Company sells shares of Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, substantial amounts of shares could be issued and resold, which would cause dilution and may impact the Company’s stock price.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus. We may receive up to $10,000,000 in aggregate gross proceeds from Helena under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of the shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus. However, the actual proceeds from Helena may be less than this amount depending on the number of shares of our Common Stock sold and the price at which the shares of our Common Stock are sold.

We intend to use the proceeds from the Purchase Agreement, if any, for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Pending these uses, we may invest the net proceeds in short- and intermediate-term interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States government.

Our expected use of proceeds from the Purchase Agreement described above represents our current intentions based on our present plans and business conditions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the proceeds or the actual amounts that we will spend on the uses set forth above.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the amount of cash used in our operations and any unforeseen cash needs. Therefore, our actual expenditures may differ materially from the estimates described above. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes. We will have broad discretion over how to use the net proceeds to us under the Purchase Agreement.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in our business and therefore do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this prospectus contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements.

Overview

Sadot Group Inc. is our parent company and is headquartered in Burleson, Texas. In late 2022, Sadot Group began a transformation from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global organization focused on the Agri-Foods supply-chain. As of June 30, 2025, Sadot Group consisted of 1 distinct operating unit and 1 discontinued operations.

Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships across the globe. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a majority owned subsidiary, a roughly 5,000 acre crop producing farm in Zambia with a focus on major commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food supply chain. Sadot Agri-Foods seeks to diversify over time into a sustainable and forward-looking global agri-foods company.

Sadot Restaurant Group, LLC (“Sadot Food Services”): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. SuperFit Foods was sold in August 2024. This entire operating segment was identified as held for sale. Please see Note 3 – Assets held for sale and Note 4 – Discontinued operations for further details.

Key Financial Definitions

We review a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key metrics and non-GAAP measures, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. Governmental and other economic factors affecting our operations may vary.

Our key business and financial metrics are explained in detail below.

Revenues

Our revenues are derived from Commodity sales. Commodity sales revenues are comprised of revenues generated from the purchase and sales of physical food and feed commodities related to our trading, farming operations and management fees received for performing certain management services under contract.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes commodity costs, labor, rent and other operating expenses.

Reclassification

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reclassified gains previously recognized in Other income related to the fair value remeasurement of certain financial instruments into Cost of goods sold (“COGS”). The reclassification was made to better reflect the nature and function of these instruments, which are economically linked to the Company’s inventory procurement, sales activities and to be consistent with our competitors. Management determined that presenting the related gains in COGS more accurately reflects the impact of these instruments on the Company’s gross margin and provides more decision-useful information to financial statement users. This change in presentation had no impact on net income, total comprehensive income, or earnings per share for the period.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses primarily consist of the depreciation of property and equipment.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to our board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia are related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-foods commodities business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023, the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. Aggia waived the consulting fee of 40% on Net income generated by Sadot LLC for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Stock-based expenses were $0.4 million and $1.9 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and $1.8 million and $2.7 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are recorded in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss).

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our operations, including wages, benefits, travel expense, legal and professional fees, training, investor relations and other corporate costs. We incur incremental Sales, general and administrative expenses as a result of being a publicly listed company on the NASDAQ capital market.

Other (Expense) / Income

Total Other (expense) / income listed below the Loss from operations in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) consists of Change in fair value of stock-based compensation, loss on debt extinguishment and Interest expense, net.

Loss on debt extinguishment

Loss on debt extinguishment consist of the loss related to the exchange of stock for debt repayment, which is calculated using the variance between the agreed upon price per share of stock and the fair value of the stock on the date of the exchange and the gain recognized due to writing off accounts payable that have passed the statue of limitations and no longer deemed payable.

Income Tax Benefit / (Expense)

Income tax benefit / (expense) represent federal, state and local current and deferred income tax expense.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests were $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. and $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company created a joint-venture in which the Company has a 70% interest and the third-party equity ownership has a 30% Non-controlling interest.

Non-GAAP Measures

EBITDA and EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures. We define EBITDA as Net loss, adjusted for depreciation, amortization, interest income / (expense), and income taxes. We believe that EBITDA and EBITDA Margin, (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”) are useful metrics for investors to understand and evaluate our operating results and ongoing profitability because they permit investors to evaluate our recurring profitability from our ongoing operating activities.

EBITDA and EBITDA Margin, have certain limitations, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under U.S. GAAP. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of any of the Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other issuers, because some issuers calculate certain of the Non-GAAP Measures differently or not at all, limiting their usefulness as direct comparative measures.

Reconciliations of EBITDA and Other Non-GAAP Measures

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA from the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure, Net income and the calculations of the Net income Margin and EBITDA Margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations - Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table represents selected items in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of total revenue for each period presented preceding:

Gross Profit

Our gross (loss) profit totaled $5.0 million profit for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $5.8 million profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $0.8 million decrease is primarily attributed to a decrease in Commodity sales partially offset by a decrease in Cost of goods sold.

We generated Commodity sales of $114.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $173.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. This represented a decrease of $59.0 million, which is primarily due to the Company not taking on trades with unfavorable margins.

We generated Other revenues of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to nil for the three months ended June 30, 2024. This represented an increase of $0.1 million, which is attributable to management fees income due to a new management service offered.

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $109.4 million compared to $167.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $58.1 million or 34.7% change is a direct result of the decrease in sales, reclassifying Sadot Agri Foods consulting fees to sales, general and administrative cost in 2025 and the reclass of gain on derivative contracts.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $27.0 thousand compared to $0.1 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $0.1 million decrease is mainly attributed to Farm related assets being fully depreciated in 2024.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $0.4 million compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $1.5 million decrease in Stock-based expenses is primarily the result Aggia waiving the 40% of the Net income due to them for consulting fees. Based on the servicing agreement with Aggia, the consulting fees are calculated at approximately 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods. This expense is paid in the vesting in restricted stock that was issued to Aggia in 2024 and this was waived by Aggia for the three months ended June 30, 2025

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $2.8 million compared to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $1.1 million increase was primarily attributable to an increase in consulting fees as a result of reclassifying Sadot Agri Foods consulting fees from cost of goods sold in 2025.

Other Income / (Expense)

Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $1.4 million expense compared to $0.2 million income for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $1.6 million decrease in income was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million decrease in income due to the change in fair value of stock-based compensation due to Aggia waiving its consulting fees and vesting of stock, a $0.2 million increase in expense due to the on Loss on extinguishment of debt and a $0.2 million increase in interest expense.

The following table represents selected items in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2025, by our operating segments:

The following table represents selected items in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2024, by our operating segments:

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations - Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table represents selected items in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of total revenue for each period presented preceding:

Gross Profits

Our gross profit totaled $11.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The $2.4 million increase is primarily attributed to a decrease in Cost of goods sold and an increase in other revenues, partially offset by a decrease in Commodity sales.

We generated Commodity sales of $246.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Commodity sales for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $279.8 million. This represented a decrease of $33.3 million, which is primarily due to the Company not taking on trades with unfavorable margins.

We generated Other revenues of $0.1 million or the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to nil for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This represented an increase of $0.1 million, which is attributable to management fees income due to a new management service offered.

Cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $235.6 million. The Cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $271.2 million. The $35.6 million change is primarily due to a direct result of the decrease in sales, reclassifying Sadot Agri Foods consulting fees to sales, general and administrative cost in 2025 and the reclass of gain on derivative contracts.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $0.1 million compared to $0.2 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The $0.1 million decrease is mainly attributed to Farm related assets being fully depreciated in 2024.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $1.8 million compared to $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The $0.9 million decrease in Stock-based expenses is primarily the result Aggia waiving the 40% of the Net income due to them for consulting fees. Based on the servicing agreement with Aggia, the consulting fees are calculated at approximately 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods. This expense is paid in the vesting in restricted stock that was issued to Aggia in 2025 and this was waived by Aggia for the three months ended June 30, 2025

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $5.9 million, compared to $3.1 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The $2.8 million increase was primarily attributable to an increase in consulting fees as a result of reclassifying Sadot Agri Foods consulting fees from cost of goods sold.

Total Other Income, Net

Total other income / (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $2.2 million compared to $0.5 million loss, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The $2.6 million decrease in Total other income / (expense), net was attributable to a $1.5 million increase in Interest expense and a $0.2 million increase on Loss on extinguishment of debt, partially offset by a decrease of $0.9 million gain in the Change in fair value of accrued compensation.

The following table represents selected items in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, by our operating segments:

Consolidated Results of Operations - Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of total revenue for each period presented preceding:

Gross Profit

Our gross profit totaled $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The $4.5 million decrease is primarily attributed to a decrease in Commodity sales and corresponding decrease in Cost of goods sold.

We generated Commodity sales of $700.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $717.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The $16.6 million decrease or 2.3% is attributable to a which is attributable to a decline in global prices of staple commodities, market seasonality, the largest global consumer being out of the market for the beginning of 2024.

Cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $695.8 million and $707.9 million, respectively. The $12.1 million change is a direct result of the decrease in sales.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The $0.9 million decrease is mainly attributed to moving Sadot Food Service assets to Assets Held For Sale and no longer amortizing or depreciating the assets and the closing and refranchising of corporate locations and the disposal of the corresponding assets.

Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled nil and $0.3 million, respectively. The decrease in pre-opening expense resulted from expenses incurred in 2023 at the farm in Zambia from the time that we signed the paper work for the purchase of the farm assets and when the purchase was finalized by the Zambian government.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024, totaled $6.7 million compared to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in Stock-based consulting expenses is primarily the result of consulting fees due to Aggia for Sadot Agri-Foods and Farming operations and the vesting of restricted stock for employees, board of directors and consultants. Based on the servicing agreement with Aggia, the consulting fees are calculated at approximately 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC which is a decrease from 80.0% in the first quarter of 2023.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $9.7 million and $9.0 million, respectively. The $0.7 million increase was primarily attributable to an increase in consulting fees due to trades in Latin America, entering the Brazil and Canada markets and increases due to increases in normal operating activities.

Total Other Income / (Expense) Accounts, Net

Other income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $17.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The other income was primarily attributable to an increase of $15.6 million in the gain on the fair value remeasurement as a result of the mark to market adjustment of derivatives, an increase of $2.8 million in the Change in fair value of stock-based compensation due to the difference in the stock price at the time of the stock issuance and agreed upon price to Aggia, a decrease of $1.0 million in warrant modification expense, and an increase of $0.5 million on the Gain on sale of trading securities, partially offset by a decrease of $0.3 million in Other income and a $4.2 million increase in Interest expense, net.

The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, by our operating segments:

The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, by our operating segments: