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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
Or
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 000-55983
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania
83-1561918
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, Pennsylvania19355
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(484)568-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Title of class
Trading Symbol
Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value
MRBK
The NASDAQ Stock Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒Yes☐No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒Yes☐No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
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Accelerated Filer
☒
Non-accelerated Filer
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Smaller Reporting Company
☒
Emerging Growth Company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of November 5, 2025 there were 11,517,456 outstanding shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share.
The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this report. As used throughout this report, the terms "Meridian", “we”, “our”, or “us” refer to Meridian Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.
Acronym
Description
ACBB
Atlantic Central Bankers Bank
ACH
Automated clearing house
ACL
Allowance for credit losses
AFS
Available-for-sale
ALCO
Asset/Liability Committee
ALLL
Allowance for loan and lease losses
ALM
Asset / liability management
AOCI
Accumulated other comprehensive income
ASC
Accounting Standards Codification
ASU
Accounting Standards Update
ATM
At the Market common stock offering
BHC Act
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956
BOLI
Bank owned life insurance
BSA-AML
Bank Secrecy Act - Anti-Money Laundering
BTFP
Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program
CBCA
Change in Bank Control Act
CBLR
Community Bank Leverage Ratio
CDARS
Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service
CECL
Current expected credit losses
CET1
Common equity tier 1
CFPB
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
CMO
Collateralized mortgage obligation
CRE
Commercial real estate
DIF
FDIC’s deposit insurance fund
ECOA
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
ESOP
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Fed
Federal Reserve System
FFIEC
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA
Federal Housing Authority
FHFA
Federal Housing Finance Agency
FHLB
Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh
FHLMC
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or Freddie Mac
FICO
Financing Corporation
FNMA
Federal National Mortgage Association or Fannie Mae
FRB
Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
FTE
Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
GLB Act
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
GNMA
Government National Mortgage Association or Ginnie Mae
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $200,682 and $183,764, respectively)
194,268
174,304
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $29,853 and $30,492, respectively)
32,593
33,771
Equity investments
2,150
2,086
Mortgage loans held for sale
28,016
32,413
Loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs
2,162,845
2,030,437
Allowance for credit losses
(21,794)
(18,438)
Loans and other finance receivables, net of the allowance for credit losses
2,141,051
2,011,999
Restricted investment in bank stock
8,350
7,753
Bank premises and equipment, net
12,413
12,151
Bank owned life insurance
30,421
29,712
Accrued interest receivable
10,944
9,958
OREO and other repossessed assets
3,714
276
Deferred income taxes
4,989
4,669
Servicing assets
3,845
4,382
Goodwill
899
899
Intangible assets
2,614
2,767
Other assets
24,874
31,265
Total assets
$
2,541,130
$
2,385,867
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing
$
239,614
$
240,858
Interest bearing
1,891,502
1,764,510
Total deposits
2,131,116
2,005,368
Borrowings
137,265
124,471
Subordinated debentures
49,822
49,743
Accrued interest payable
7,095
6,860
Other liabilities
27,803
27,903
Total liabilities
2,353,101
2,214,345
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share. 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13,520,639 and 13,243,258 shares issued and 11,517,456 and 11,240,075 shares outstanding, respectively
13,521
13,243
Surplus
85,122
81,545
Treasury stock, 2,003,183 shares, at cost
(26,079)
(26,079)
Unearned common stock held by ESOP
(1,006)
(1,006)
Retained earnings
122,376
111,961
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5,905)
(8,142)
Total stockholders’ equity
188,029
171,522
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,541,130
$
2,385,867
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses, lending related commitments and the related unfunded commitment reserve, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill, intangible assets, and servicing assets.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the SEC (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024), subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any other period.
Pronouncements Adopted/Effective during the nine months ended September 30, 2025:
FASB ASU 2024-01 Stock Compensation - Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards
The amendments in this update improve the understandability of paragraph 718-10-15-3 apply to all entities that enter into share-based payments transactions and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are to be applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Corporation's consolidated financial statements.
Pronouncements Not Yet Effective as of September 30, 2025:
FASB ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative"
This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB ASC. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. For entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity.
FASB ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”
The amendments in this update address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to annual income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this update will be effective for our annual reporting period ended December 31, 2025 and applied on a prospective basis.
This amendment requires enhanced disaggregation of certain expense categories within the income statement to provide more detailed information about the nature and function of expenses. The objective is to improve the transparency and usefulness of financial statements for users by offering greater insight into the components of operating expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. These changes may be applied prospectively or retroactively. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its disclosures.
This amendment addresses questions that were raised regarding the effective date of ASU 2024-03 for public business entities with non-calendar year ends. The amendment clarifies that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.
FASB ASU 2025-06, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)"
This ASU is intended to modernize old internal-use software guidance written in 1998 to adapt to the agile basis predominantly used to develop software today. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. These changes may be applied prospectively, retroactively, or on a modified prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation will evaluate the impact on its disclosures as the applicability date gets closer.
(2) Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock, and if restricted stock awards were vested. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders
$
6,659
$
4,743
$
14,650
$
10,745
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding
11,443
11,254
11,376
11,249
Average unearned ESOP shares
(118)
(144)
(124)
(151)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding
11,325
11,110
11,252
11,098
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options
215
124
206
100
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding
11,540
11,234
11,458
11,198
Basic earnings per share
$
0.59
$
0.43
$
1.30
$
0.97
Diluted earnings per share
$
0.58
$
0.42
$
1.28
$
0.96
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share
357
489
359
586
(3) Securities
The following tables presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of securities at the dates indicated:
Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, no securities warranted an ACL.
The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:
As of September 30, 2025, substantially all of the Corporation’s available-for-sale investment securities were mortgage-backed securities or collateral mortgage obligations which were issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.
The amortized cost and carrying value of securities are shown below by contractual maturities at the dates indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
September 30, 2025
Available-for-sale
Held-to-maturity
(dollars in thousands)
Amortized cost
Fair value
Amortized cost
Fair value
Due in one year or less
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Due after one year through five years
22,748
21,613
2,965
2,832
Due after five years through ten years
22,107
22,175
5,769
5,032
Due after ten years
60,442
56,637
23,859
21,989
Subtotal
105,297
100,425
32,593
29,853
Mortgage-related securities
95,385
93,843
—
—
Total
$
200,682
$
194,268
$
32,593
$
29,853
There were sales of investment securities available for sale for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 totalling $2.5 million with $65 thousand in gross gains and $17 thousand in gross losses recognized. There were sales of investment securities available for sale for the three and nine month ended September 30, 2024 totaling $16.0 million with $57 thousand in gross losses recognized.
ACL on Securities AFS and HTM
We use credit ratings quarterly and the most recent financial information of securities' issuers annually to help evaluate the credit quality of our securities AFS and HTM portfolios on a quarterly basis. The securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government treasuries and U.S. government agency asset backed securities which have no probability of default. The remaining portfolio consists of highly rated municipal bonds, non-agency CMO, and corporate bonds that have a low probability of default.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we had no significant ACL or provision expense and no charge-offs or recoveries on AFS or HTM securities.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, securities having a carrying value of $69.2 million and $43.3 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.
(4) Loans and Other Finance Receivables
The following table presents loans and other finance receivables detailed by category at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage
$
872,497
$
823,976
Home equity lines and loans
105,109
90,721
Residential mortgage
260,495
252,565
Construction
315,095
259,553
Total real estate loans
1,553,196
1,426,815
Commercial and industrial
418,069
367,366
Small business loans
137,894
155,775
Consumer
336
349
Leases, net
49,766
75,987
Total loans and other finance receivables
$
2,159,261
$
2,026,292
Balances included in loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs:
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value
$
14,454
$
14,501
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost
16,312
16,543
Unearned lease income included in leases, net
(5,096)
(9,057)
Unamortized deferred loan origination costs, net of deferred fees
3,584
4,145
Fair Value Option for Residential Mortgage Real Estate Loans
Residential mortgage real estate loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, and that the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are carried at fair value pursuant to the Corporation's election of the fair value option for these loans. The remaining loans, net of fees and costs are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of deferred fees or costs, since the original intent for these loans was to hold them until payoff or maturity.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Other Finance Receivables
The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loans and other finance receivables at the dates indicated:
September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)
30-59 days past due
60-89 days past due
90+ days past due and still accruing
Total past due
Current
Total accruing
Nonaccrual
Total loans and other finance receivables
% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage
$
114
$
426
$
—
$
540
$
870,716
$
871,256
$
1,241
$
872,497
0.20
%
Home equity lines and loans
69
—
480
549
102,977
103,526
1,583
105,109
2.03
Residential mortgage (1)
—
339
—
339
249,806
250,145
10,350
260,495
4.10
Construction
—
—
—
—
304,787
304,787
10,308
315,095
3.27
Commercial and industrial
—
—
—
—
410,231
410,231
7,838
418,069
1.87
Small business loans (2)
119
—
—
119
116,519
116,638
21,256
137,894
15.50
Consumer
—
—
—
—
336
336
—
336
—
Leases, net
354
568
—
922
46,543
47,465
2,301
49,766
6.48
%
Total
$
656
$
1,333
$
480
$
2,469
$
2,101,915
$
2,104,384
$
54,877
$
2,159,261
2.66
%
(1) Includes $14.5 million of loans at fair value of which $14.5 million are current, $0 are 30-89 days past due and $510 thousand are nonaccrual.
(2) Includes $11.8 million of loans within nonaccrual category that are guaranteed by the SBA.
(1) Includes $14.5 million of loans at fair value of which $13.7 million are current, $473 thousand are 30-89 days past due and $340 thousand are nonaccrual.
(2) Includes $6.2 million of loans within nonaccrual category that are guaranteed by the SBA.
There was one loan of $480 thousand in the table above as of September 30, 2025, and no loans or other finance receivables as of December 31, 2024, that were 90+days past due and still accruing interest.
Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 9 and 4 consumer mortgage loans, respectively, secured by residential real estate properties (included in loans, net of fees and costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) totaling $2.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Corporation foreclosed on a commercial real estate property in partial satisfaction of a non-performing commercial loan relationship and repossessed a billboard asset from a separate commercial loan relationship. These assets were reclassified into OREO and other repossessed assets, respectively, on the balance sheet at September 30, 2025. The repossessed billboard was transferred into other repossessed assets with a value of $2.4 million, after consideration of estimated costs to sell, while the foreclosed real estate was transferred into OREO with a value of $1.3 million, after consideration of estimated costs to sell. The balance of repossessed assets as of December 31, 2024 largely consisted of a residential property, that was subsequently sold in the second quarter of 2025.
Risks and Uncertainties
Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry. Additionally, most of our lending activity occurs within our primary market areas which are concentrated in southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland as well as other contiguous markets and represents a geographic concentration. Commercial loans are generally viewed as having more inherent risk of default than residential real estate loans or other consumer loans. Also, the commercial loan balance per borrower is typically larger than that for residential real estate loans and consumer loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual loan basis.
The following tables presents the amortized costs basis of loans and other finance receivables on nonaccrual status and 90 days or more past due and still accruing, net of fees and costs as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025 there was one loan of $480 thousand that was 90+ days past due and still accruing interest, and no loans or other finance receivables 90 days or more past due and still accruing as of December 31, 2024.
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual without ACL
Nonaccrual with ACL
Total nonaccrual
Nonaccrual without ACL
Nonaccrual with ACL
Total nonaccrual
Commercial mortgage
$
1,241
$
—
$
1,241
$
809
$
—
$
809
Home equity lines and loans
1,583
—
1,583
1,716
—
1,716
Residential mortgage
8,770
1,580
10,350
7,518
382
7,900
Construction
4,296
6,012
10,308
8,613
—
8,613
Commercial and industrial
6,391
1,447
7,838
9,166
2,800
11,966
Small business loans
16,127
5,129
21,256
8,179
4,091
12,270
Leases, net
—
2,301
2,301
—
1,851
1,851
Total
$
38,408
$
16,469
$
54,877
$
36,001
$
9,124
$
45,125
The decrease in commercial and industrial nonaccrual loans with ACL relates to the repossession of property on a protracted commercial advertising loan relationship, combined with the foreclosure of a piece of real estate on another commercial loan. While the increase in nonaccrual SBA loans without ACL relates to additional risk rating downgrades leading to non-performing classification in the SBA loan portfolio.
Collateral-dependent Loans
The following tables presents the amortized cost basis of non-accruing collateral-dependent loans and other finance receivables by class as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 under the current expected credit loss model:
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate
Equipment and other
Total
Real estate
Equipment and other
Total
Commercial mortgage
$
1,241
$
—
$
1,241
$
809
$
—
$
809
Home equity lines and loans
1,583
—
1,583
1,716
—
1,716
Residential mortgage
10,350
—
10,350
7,900
—
7,900
Construction
10,308
—
10,308
8,613
—
8,613
Commercial and industrial
2,376
5,462
7,838
1,344
10,622
11,966
Small business loans
15,737
5,519
21,256
10,164
2,106
12,270
Total
$
41,595
$
10,981
$
52,576
$
30,546
$
12,728
$
43,274
(5) Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for estimated expected credit losses within the loan and other finance receivables portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the customer’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.
The following tables provide the activity of our allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses
Ending balance
Commercial mortgage
$
3,411
$
—
$
—
$
385
$
3,796
Home equity lines and loans
1,264
—
1
76
1,341
Residential mortgage
1,097
—
—
208
1,305
Construction
1,581
—
—
224
1,805
Commercial and industrial
3,653
(847)
55
975
3,836
Small business loans
7,837
(997)
4
1,462
8,306
Consumer
—
(4)
1
3
—
Leases
2,008
(273)
153
(483)
1,405
Total
$
20,851
$
(2,121)
$
214
$
2,850
$
21,794
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses
Ending balance
Commercial mortgage
$
3,676
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
(33)
$
3,643
Home equity lines and loans
1,114
—
—
1
(10)
1,105
Residential mortgage
1,059
—
—
—
(78)
981
Construction
591
—
—
—
(12)
579
Commercial and industrial
4,811
574
(107)
—
601
5,879
Small business loans
7,498
—
(1,104)
41
732
7,167
Consumer
—
—
(2)
1
1
—
Leases
2,954
—
(1,227)
109
775
2,611
Total
$
21,703
$
574
$
(2,440)
$
152
$
1,976
$
21,965
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Initial PCD on purchased loan
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses
Ending balance
Commercial mortgage
$
4,375
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
(732)
$
3,643
Home equity lines and loans
998
—
(86)
29
164
1,105
Residential mortgage
1,020
—
—
—
(39)
981
Construction
485
—
—
—
94
579
Commercial and industrial
4,518
574
(1,935)
2
2,720
5,879
Small business loans
7,005
—
(2,583)
108
2,637
7,167
Consumer
—
—
(3)
3
—
—
Leases
3,706
—
(4,629)
382
3,152
2,611
Total
$
22,107
$
574
$
(9,236)
$
524
$
7,996
$
21,965
Reconciliation of Provision for Credit Losses
The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Provision for credit losses - funded loans
$
2,850
$
1,976
$
11,695
$
7,996
Provision (recovery) for credit losses - unfunded loans
The following tables detail the allocation of the ACL and the carrying value for loans and other finance receivables by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and other finance receivables at the dates indicated:
September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses
Carrying value
(dollars in thousands)
Individually evaluated
Collectively evaluated
Total
Individually evaluated
Collectively evaluated
Total
Commercial mortgage
$
292
$
3,504
$
3,796
$
1,241
$
871,256
$
872,497
Home equity lines and loans
—
1,341
1,341
1,583
103,526
105,109
Residential mortgage
125
1,180
1,305
9,840
236,201
246,041
Construction
—
1,805
1,805
10,308
304,787
315,095
Commercial and industrial
818
3,018
3,836
7,838
410,231
418,069
Small business loans
2,111
6,195
8,306
21,256
116,638
137,894
Consumer
—
—
—
—
336
336
Leases, net
—
1,405
1,405
—
49,766
49,766
Total
$
3,346
$
18,448
$
21,794
$
52,066
$
2,092,741
$
2,144,807
(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.
December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses
Carrying value
(dollars in thousands)
Individually evaluated
Collectively evaluated
Total
Individually evaluated
Collectively evaluated
Total
Commercial mortgage
$
—
$
3,469
$
3,469
$
809
$
823,167
$
823,976
Home equity lines and loans
—
1,147
1,147
1,716
89,005
90,721
Residential mortgage
29
992
1,021
7,560
230,504
238,064
Construction
—
923
923
8,613
250,940
259,553
Commercial and industrial
855
2,243
3,098
11,966
355,400
367,366
Small business loans
1,808
4,496
6,304
12,270
143,505
155,775
Consumer
—
—
—
—
349
349
Leases, net
—
2,476
2,476
—
75,987
75,987
Total
$
2,692
$
15,746
$
18,438
$
42,934
$
1,968,857
$
2,011,791
(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.
Credit Quality Indicators
As part of the process of determining the ACL to the different segments of the loan and other finance receivables portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned. These internally assigned grades are as follows:
•Pass – Considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.
•Special mention – Classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
•Substandard – Classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
•Doubtful – Classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.
The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and other finance receivables by portfolio segment based on year of origination and the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:
The Corporation had no loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for home equity lines and loans, residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their year of origination and performance status at the dates indicated:
September 30, 2025
Revolving Loans
Total
Term Loans and Other Finance Receivables
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing
$
825
$
661
$
249
$
605
$
208
$
3,247
$
97,251
$
103,046
Nonperforming
—
—
—
—
91
342
1,630
2,063
Total
$
825
$
661
$
249
$
605
$
299
$
3,589
$
98,881
$
105,109
Year-to-date gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing
$
22,076
$
11,832
$
38,129
$
134,792
$
15,885
$
13,487
$
—
$
236,201
Nonperforming
—
437
674
3,266
739
4,724
—
9,840
Total
$
22,076
$
12,269
$
38,803
$
138,058
$
16,624
$
18,211
$
—
$
246,041
Year-to-date gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Consumer
Performing
$
10
$
5
$
25
$
14
$
—
$
227
$
55
$
336
Nonperforming
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total
$
10
$
5
$
25
$
14
$
—
$
227
$
55
$
336
Year-to-date gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
(11)
$
(11)
Leases, net
Performing
$
2,184
$
548
$
11,440
$
23,274
$
8,842
$
1,177
$
—
$
47,465
Nonperforming
—
—
483
1,275
506
37
—
2,301
Total
$
2,184
$
548
$
11,923
$
24,549
$
9,348
$
1,214
$
—
$
49,766
Year-to-date gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
(90)
$
(1,010)
$
(667)
$
(31)
$
—
$
(1,798)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing
$
25,095
$
13,046
$
49,843
$
158,685
$
24,935
$
18,138
$
97,306
$
387,048
Nonperforming
—
437
1,157
4,541
1,336
5,103
1,630
14,204
Total
$
25,095
$
13,483
$
51,000
$
163,226
$
26,271
$
23,241
$
98,936
$
401,252
Total year-to-date gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
(90)
$
(1,010)
$
(667)
$
(31)
$
(11)
$
(1,809)
(1) Excludes $14.5 million of loans at fair value.
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the ACL on loans and other finance receivables, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. However, when principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the ACL. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the ACL.
The following presents, by class, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Number
Amortized Cost Basis
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Related Reserve
Number
Amortized Cost Basis
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans
5
$
2,780
2.0
%
$
—
2
$
557
0.4
%
$
—
Construction
—
—
—
%
—
1
319
0.1
%
—
Commercial mortgage
3
1,388
0.2
%
—
—
—
—
%
—
Total
8
$
4,168
$
—
3
$
876
$
—
Nonaccrual Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Leases
2
109
0.2
%
—
—
—
—
%
—
Total
2
$
109
$
—
—
$
—
$
—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Number
Amortized Cost Basis
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Related Reserve
Number
Amortized Cost Basis
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans
9
$
5,186
3.8
%
$
—
3
$
722
0.5
%
$
—
Construction
4
11,068
3.5
%
868
1
319
0.1
%
—
Commercial mortgage
4
2,347
0.3
%
—
—
—
—
%
—
Commercial & industrial
3
1,949
0.5
%
—
5
2,737
0.8
%
—
Total
20
$
20,550
$
868
9
$
3,778
$
—
Nonaccrual Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
The following presents, by class, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Number
Financial Effect
Number
Financial Effect
Accruing Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans
5
Extend maturity date
2
Extend maturity date
Construction
—
Extend maturity date
1
Extend maturity date
Commercial mortgage
3
Extend maturity date
—
Total
8
3
Nonaccrual Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Leases
2
Extend maturity date
—
Total
2
—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Number
Financial Effect
Number
Financial Effect
Accruing Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans
9
Extend maturity date
3
Extend maturity date
Construction
4
Extend maturity date and allow additional funding
1
Extend maturity date
Commercial mortgage
4
Extend maturity date and allow additional funding
—
Commercial & industrial
3
Extend maturity date
5
Extend maturity date and allow additional funding
Total
20
9
Nonaccrual Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans
1
Extend maturity date
1
Extend maturity date
Construction
1
Extend maturity date
—
Commercial & industrial
—
4
Extend maturity date and allow additional funding
Leases
20
Extend maturity date
—
Residential mortgage
2
Extend maturity date
—
Total
24
5
There were 10 and 3 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. There were 44 and 14 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.
The increase period over period in assistance provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty was seen in small business loans, leases, and construction and commercial mortgage loans. The primary factor for the financial difficulty generally comes from higher interest rates (small business loans) or higher rates for longer periods (which for construction, caused the borrower to go through their interest reserve quicker).
There were zero loans that had payment defaults during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and zero during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, that were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were $1.3 million in commitments to lend additional funds to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and no commitments to lend additional funds to such borrowers during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
The following presents, by class of loans, the amortized cost and performance status of accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that have been modified in the last 12 months as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.
September 30, 2025
Current
30-59 days past due
60-89 days past due
90+ days past due and still accruing
Nonaccrual loans and leases
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Small business loans
$
5,186
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
2,711
$
7,897
Construction
11,068
—
—
—
6,011
17,079
Commercial mortgage
2,347
—
—
—
—
2,347
Commercial & industrial
1,949
—
—
—
492
2,441
Leases
—
—
—
—
953
953
Residential mortgage
—
—
—
—
1,310
1,310
Total
$
20,550
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
11,477
$
32,027
September 30, 2024
Current
30-59 days past due
60-89 days past due
90+ days past due and still accruing
Nonaccrual loans and leases
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Small business loans
$
722
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1,303
$
2,025
Construction
319
—
—
—
—
319
Commercial & industrial
2,737
—
—
—
2,276
5,013
Total
$
3,778
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
3,579
$
7,357
(6) Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt
The Corporation’s short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings extended under agreements with the FHLB or other correspondent banks. The Corporation has 4 unsecured borrowing facilities with correspondent banks for up to $56 million in total. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings. The Corporation had $0 and $0 in Federal funds purchased at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve Bank discount window of $5 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities and pledged loans. There were no borrowings under this at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Holding Company has a revolving line of credit with ACBB of $5 million that is used to fund operating activities of the Corporation.
The following table presents short-term borrowings at the dates indicated:
The following table presents long-term borrowings at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands)
Maturity date
Interest rate
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed
5/20/2027
4.70%
$
10,594
$
10,594
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed
7/14/2026
4.57%
—
15,245
Total Long-Term Borrowings
$
10,594
$
25,839
The FHLB has also issued $183.2 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire throughout the remainder of 2025.
The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $746.0 million as of September 30, 2025 and $699.3 million as of December 31, 2024. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.
(7) Servicing Assets
The Corporation sells certain residential mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees. All such transfers are accounted for as sales. When the Corporation sells a residential mortgage loan, it does not retain any portion of that loan and its continuing involvement in such transfers is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized.
Residential Mortgage Loans
The related MSR asset is amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the MSR. The Corporation serviced $10 million and $122 million of residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Corporation recognized servicing fee income of $5 thousand and $129 thousand, compared to $572 thousand and $1.7 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Balance at beginning of the period
$
71
$
8,026
$
1,124
$
8,621
Servicing rights capitalized
14
48
22
80
Amortization of servicing rights
(3)
(292)
(85)
(919)
Sale of servicing assets
—
—
(979)
—
Balance at end of the period
$
82
$
7,782
$
82
$
7,782
The decrease in MSR balance in the table above from September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2025 was the result of the Corporation's sale of residential mortgage loan servicing rights during the fourth quarter of 2024, as well as during the second quarter of 2025. During the fourth quarter of 2024 the Corporation sold approximately $6.6 million of residential mortgage loan servicing rights associated with $777.2 million of serviced loans. During the second quarter of 2025 the Corporation sold approximately $979 thousand of residential mortgage loan servicing rights associated with $110.2 million of serviced loans.
The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions include prepayment speeds and discount rates. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2025, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 9.07% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. At December 31, 2024, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 10.97% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%.
The sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights
$
109
$
1,494
Weighted average life (months)
47
43
Prepayment speed
9.07
%
10.97
%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change
$
(5)
$
(63)
20% adverse change
(9)
(121)
Discount rate
9.50
%
9.50
%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change
$
(4)
$
(53)
20% adverse change
(8)
(102)
The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.
SBA Loans
SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan servicing asset. The Corporation serviced $294.1 million and $246.3 million of SBA loans, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Balance at beginning of the period
$
3,587
$
3,315
$
3,258
$
3,127
Servicing rights capitalized
454
208
1,339
661
Amortization of servicing rights
(275)
(325)
(865)
(785)
Change in valuation allowance
(3)
(7)
31
188
Balance at end of the period
$
3,763
$
3,191
$
3,763
$
3,191
Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Valuation allowance, beginning of period
$
(40)
$
(73)
$
(74)
$
(268)
Impairment
(3)
(7)
(3)
(7)
Recovery
—
—
34
195
Valuation allowance, end of period
$
(43)
$
(80)
$
(43)
$
(80)
The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2025, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 17.30% and a discount rate equal to 12.68%. At December 31, 2024, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 17.18% and a discount rate equal to 13.40%.
The sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights
$
4,346
$
3,670
Weighted average life (years)
3.1
3.2
Prepayment speed
17.30
%
17.18
%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change
$
(197)
$
(166)
20% adverse change
(377)
(317)
Discount rate
12.68
%
13.40
%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change
$
(97)
$
(81)
20% adverse change
(189)
(159)
The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.
(8) Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.
In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Securities
The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
The fair value of loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment
The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair values of forward commitments and interest rate swaps are based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.
The following table presents the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:
The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Mortgage servicing rights
$
82
$
1,124
SBA loan servicing rights
3,763
3,258
Individually evaluated loans (1)
Commercial and industrial
629
1,944
Construction
5,720
—
Small business loans
3,018
2,284
Total
$
13,212
$
8,610
(1) Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. The increase in individually evaluated commercial and industrial loans noted above was due to reassessing how we evaluate the impairment on a loan relationship to now be based on the fair value of collateral.
The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 individually evaluated loans.
(dollars in thousands)
Fair Value
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Input
Range of Inputs
September 30, 2025
$
9,367
Appraisal of collateral
Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity
2%-33% discount
December 31, 2024
4,228
Appraisal of collateral
Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity
2%-33% discount
Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation
techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.
Loans Receivable
The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is reflective of an exit price.
Servicing Assets
The Corporation estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and SBA loan servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. These servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management’s assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolios on a quarterly basis for impairment.
Individually Evaluated Loans
Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the ACL policy.
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable
The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.
Deposit Liabilities
The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.
Short-Term Borrowings
The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.
Long-Term Debt
Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.
Subordinated Debt
Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.
The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at the dates indicated:
Fair Value Hierarchy Level
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Carrying amount
Fair value
Carrying amount
Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Level 1
$
39,989
$
39,989
$
27,462
$
27,462
Mortgage loans held for sale
Level 2
28,016
28,016
32,413
32,413
Loans and other finance receivables, net of ACL
Level 3
2,148,391
2,091,630
2,015,936
1,967,986
Mortgage loans held for investment
Level 2
14,454
14,454
14,501
14,501
Financial liabilities:
Deposits
Level 2
$
2,131,116
$
2,169,100
$
2,005,368
$
2,014,200
Borrowings
Level 2
137,265
137,800
124,471
133,200
Subordinated debentures
Level 2
49,822
49,522
49,743
48,572
The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Balance at beginning of the period
$
346
$
451
$
216
$
214
Increase in value
5
(32)
135
205
Balance at end of the period
$
351
$
419
$
351
$
419
The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.
(dollars in thousands)
Fair Value
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Input
Range of Inputs
Weighted Average
September 30, 2025
$
351
Market comparable pricing
Pull through
1 - 99%
89.56%
December 31, 2024
216
Market comparable pricing
Pull through
1 - 99%
83.27%
(9) Derivative Financial Instruments
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s loan portfolio.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Corporation uses interest rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps includes changes in fair value and any collateral that is held by a third party.
In June 2023 the Corporation entered into three interest rate swaps classified as cash flow hedges with notional amounts of $25 million each, to hedge the interest payments paid on short term borrowings. Under the terms of the three swap agreements, the Corporation pays average fixed rates of 4.070%, 4.027% and 4.117%, and receives variable rates in return indexed to SOFR. The swaps mature between May, June, and December 2026. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, approximately $17 thousand and $167 thousand, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as an unrealized gain and an unrealized loss, respectively, while for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, approximately $1.2 million and $264 thousand, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as unrealized losses. These amounts could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September
30, 2025. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the combined notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $75 million and $75 million, respectively, and the fair value was a liability of $304 thousand and $52 thousand, respectively.
In August 2024 the Corporation entered into an interest rate swap classified as a fair value hedge with a notional amount of $40 million, to hedge the interest payments received on a pool of residential mortgage loans held in portfolio. Under the terms of the swap agreement, the Corporation pays an average fixed rate of 3.60% and receives a variable rate in return indexed to SOFR. The swap matures August 2027. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, approximately $9 thousand and $13 thousand, respectively, net of tax, is recorded as a fair values adjustment. These amounts could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2025.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives
In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation may enter into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.
Customer Derivatives
Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa. The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.
Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents a summary of the net change in the fair value of derivative instruments:
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments
$
129
$
(102)
$
176
$
176
Net realized losses on derivative hedging activities were $166 thousand and $129 thousand, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and net realized losses of $197 thousand and $279 thousand, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and are included in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.
Our Banking segment (“Bank”) consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income, title insurance fees, and other less significant non-interest income.
Meridian Wealth (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.
Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of 8 loan production offices throughout suburban Philadelphia and Maryland. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells nearly all of its production to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates and holds temporarily, then earns fee income (primarily gain on sales) at the time of the sale. The unit also recognizes income from document preparation fees, changes in portfolio pipeline fair values and net hedging gains (losses), if any.
The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which have been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in Meridian Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Forward-Looking Statements
Meridian Corporation may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Meridian Corporation’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Meridian Corporation’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation: credit losses and the credit risk of our commercial and consumer loan products; changes in the level of charge-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, or ACL; cyber-security concerns; rapid technological developments and changes; increased competitive pressures; changes in spreads on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; changes in general economic conditions and conditions within the securities markets; escalating tariff and other trade policies and the resulting impacts on market volatility and global trade; the impact of uncertain or changing political conditions or any current or future federal government shutdown and uncertainty regarding the federal government's debt limit; unanticipated changes in our liquidity position; unanticipated changes in regulatory and governmental policies impacting interest rates and financial markets; legislation affecting the financial services industry as a whole, and Meridian Corporation, in particular; changes in accounting policies, practices or guidance; developments affecting the industry and the soundness of financial institutions and further
disruption to the economy and U.S. banking system; among others, could cause Meridian Corporation’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements.
Meridian Corporation cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Meridian Corporation’s filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Meridian Corporation does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Meridian Corporation or by or on behalf of Meridian Bank.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our critical accounting policies are described in detail in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section within Item 7 of our 2024 Annual Form 10-K. The SEC defines "critical accounting policies" as those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for additional information on the adoption of ASC 326, which changes the methodology under which management calculates its reserve for loans and leases, now referred to as the allowance for credit losses. Management considers the measurement of the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy.
Executive Overview
The following items highlight the Corporation’s changes in its financial condition as of September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. More detailed information related to these highlights can be found in the sections that follow.
Changes in Financial Condition - September 30, 2025 Compared to December 31, 2024
•Total assets increased $155.3 million, or 6.5%, to $2.5 billion as of September 30, 2025.
•Portfolio loans increased $133.0 million, or 6.6%, to $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2025.
•Mortgage loans held for sale decreased $4.4 million, or 13.6%, to $28.0 million as of September 30, 2025.
•Total deposits increased $125.7 million or 6.3% to $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2025.
•The Corporation raised $2.8 million in common equity through an ATM offering during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
•The Corporation earned net income of $14.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and returned $4.2 million of capital to Meridian shareholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 through a $0.125 dividend per share in each of the first three quarters of the year.
Three Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
•Net income was $6.7 million, or $0.58 per diluted share, up $1.9 million, or 40.4%, driven by higher net interest income, offset somewhat by a higher provision for credit losses and higher non-interest expense.
•The return on average assets and return on average equity were 1.04% and 14.42%, respectively, for the third quarter 2025, compared to 0.80% and 11.41%, respectively, for the third quarter 2024.
•Net interest income increased $4.9 million, or 26.7%, to $23.1 million and the net interest margin increased to 3.77% from 3.20%, due to the impact of deposit and borrowing cost declines as well as the in increase in average noninterest-bearing deposits over the period.
•The overall provision for credit losses increased $568 thousand when comparing the third quarter 2025 to the third quarter 2024. While net-charge offs were down over this period, the increase in provision was driven by providing for loan growth, an increase in non-performing loans, and adjusting for macro-economic impacts due to the current economic and market uncertainty.
•Non-interest income decreased $878 thousand, or 8.1%, to $10.0 million driven by a $560 thousand decline in mortgage banking income, a $731 thousand decline the fair value of mortgage related items, partially offset by a $887 thousand increase in SBA loan income.
•Non-interest expense increased $1.0 million, or 4.9%, to $21.5 million due to a $784 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits, and an increase of $312 thousand in data processing and software expense.
Nine Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
•Net income was $14.7 million, or $1.28 per diluted share, an increase of $3.9 million, or 36.3%, driven by a higher level of net interest income and non-interest income, offset somewhat by a higher provision for credit losses and higher non-interest expense.
•The return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.79% and 10.98%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 0.62% and 8.84%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
•Net interest income increased $12.4 million, or 23.9%, to $64.1 million and the net interest margin increased to 3.59% from 3.12%, largely due to the impact of deposit and borrowing cost declines as well as the in increase in average noninterest-bearing deposits over the period.
•The overall provision for credit losses increased $4.0 million when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to nine months ended September 30, 2024 as we provided for loan growth, experienced an increase in non-performing loans, and while adjusting for macro-economic impacts due to the current economic and market uncertainty.
•Non-interest income increased $506 thousand, or 1.8%, to $28.6 million driven by a $1.9 million increase in SBA loan income, a $415 thousand net gain on sale of MSRs, and a $429 thousand increase in wealth management income, partially offset by a $459 thousand decline in mortgage banking income, and an overall $1.8 million decline in other non-interest income.
•Non-interest expense increased $3.9 million, or 6.8%, to $61.6 million due to a $3.3 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, and an increase of $523 thousand in other non-interest expense, partially offset by a decrease of $614 thousand in professional fees.
Key Performance Ratios
The following table presents key financial performance ratios for the periods indicated:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2025
2024
2025
2024
Return on average assets, annualized
1.04
%
0.80
%
0.79
%
0.62
%
Return on average equity, annualized
14.42
%
11.41
%
10.98
%
8.84
%
Net interest margin (tax effected yield)
3.77
%
3.20
%
3.59
%
3.12
%
Basic earnings per share
$
0.59
$
0.43
$
1.30
$
0.97
Diluted earnings per share
$
0.58
$
0.42
$
1.28
$
0.96
The following table presents certain key period-end balances and ratios at the dates indicated:
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Book value per common share
$
16.33
$
15.26
Tangible book value per common share (1)
$
16.02
$
14.93
Allowance as a percentage of loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value)
1.01
%
0.91
%
Tier I capital to risk weighted assets
8.41
%
8.13
%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (1)
7.27
%
7.05
%
Loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs
$
2,162,845
$
2,030,437
Total assets
$
2,541,130
$
2,385,867
Total stockholders’ equity
$
188,029
$
171,522
(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for Non-GAAP to GAAP reconciliation.
Components of Net Income
Net income is comprised of five major elements:
•Net Interest Income, or the difference between the interest income earned on loans, leases and investments and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds;
•Provision For Credit Losses, or the amount added to the Allowance to provide for current expected credit losses on portfolio loans and other finance receivables;
•Non-interest Income, which is made up primarily of mortgage banking income, wealth management income, SBA loan sale income, fair value adjustments, gains and losses from the sale of loans, gains and losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale and other fees from loan and deposit services;
•Non-interest Expense, which consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, professional fees, advertising & promotion, data processing, information technology, loan expenses, and other operating expenses; and
•Income Taxes, which include state and federal jurisdictions.
Net interest income is an integral source of the Corporation’s revenue. The tables below present a summary for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, of the Corporation’s average balances and yields earned on its interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin is the net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The difference between the net interest margin and the net interest spread is the result of net free funding sources such as non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity.
Analyses of Interest Rates and Interest Differential
The table below present the major asset and liability categories on an average daily balance basis for the periods presented, along with interest income, interest expense and key rates and yields on a tax equivalent basis.
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2025
2024
Average Balance
Interest Income/ Expense
Yields/ Rates
Average Balance
Interest Income/ Expense
Yields/ Rates
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
37,001
$
412
4.42
%
$
30,519
$
416
5.43
%
Investment securities - taxable
172,404
1,895
4.36
145,845
1,480
4.04
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)
53,909
400
2.94
56,408
397
2.80
Loans held for sale
33,296
536
6.39
47,177
766
6.46
Loans held for investment (1)
2,146,651
39,942
7.38
1,997,574
37,339
7.44
Total loans
2,179,947
40,478
7.37
2,044,751
38,105
7.41
Total interest-earning assets
2,443,261
43,185
7.01
%
2,277,523
40,398
7.06
%
Noninterest earning assets
91,304
95,738
Total assets
$
2,534,565
$
2,373,261
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits
$
173,023
$
1,314
3.01
%
$
132,257
$
1,390
4.18
%
Money market and savings deposits
973,952
8,322
3.39
800,406
8,391
4.17
Time deposits
743,472
7,782
4.15
781,172
9,532
4.85
Total interest - bearing deposits
1,890,447
17,418
3.66
1,713,835
19,313
4.48
Borrowings
123,695
1,495
4.80
160,063
1,985
4.93
Subordinated debentures
49,802
1,080
8.60
49,908
779
6.21
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,063,944
19,993
3.84
1,923,806
22,077
4.57
Noninterest-bearing deposits
253,374
246,310
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities
34,005
37,836
Total liabilities
2,351,323
2,207,952
Total stockholders' equity
183,242
165,309
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities
$
2,534,565
$
2,373,261
Net interest income and spread (1)
$
23,192
3.17
$
18,321
2.49
Net interest margin (1)
3.77
%
3.20
%
(1)Yieldsand net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.
The rate/volume analysis table below analyzes dollar changes in the components of interest income and interest expense as they relate to the change in balances (volume) and the change in interest rates (rate) of tax-equivalent net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, allocated by rate and volume. Changes in interest income and/or expense attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately based on the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each category.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 Compared to 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Rate
Volume
Total
Rate
Volume
Total
Interest income:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
(83)
$
79
$
(4)
$
(217)
$
622
$
405
Investment securities - taxable
130
285
415
372
953
1,325
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)
21
(18)
3
2
(56)
(54)
Loans held for sale
(6)
(224)
(230)
(41)
(256)
(297)
Loans held for investment (1)
(172)
2,775
2,603
(925)
7,015
6,090
Total loans
(178)
2,551
2,373
(966)
6,759
5,793
Total interest income
$
(110)
$
2,897
$
2,787
$
(809)
$
8,278
$
7,469
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits
$
(442)
$
366
$
(76)
$
(952)
$
813
$
(139)
Money market and savings deposits
(1,707)
1,638
(69)
(4,741)
4,456
(285)
Time deposits
(1,307)
(443)
(1,750)
(3,307)
(378)
(3,685)
Total interest - bearing deposits
(3,456)
1,561
(1,895)
(9,000)
4,891
(4,109)
Borrowings
(49)
(441)
(490)
(162)
(1,473)
(1,635)
Subordinated debentures
303
(2)
301
884
(5)
879
Total interest expense
$
(3,202)
$
1,118
$
(2,084)
$
(8,278)
$
3,413
$
(4,865)
Interest differential
$
3,092
$
1,779
$
4,871
$
7,469
$
4,865
$
12,334
(1)Yieldsand net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
For the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, tax-equivalent interest income increased $2.8 million as favorable volume changes contributed $2.9 million to interest income, partially offset by rate changes that had a $110 thousand unfavorable impact on interest income. The loans held for investment average balances increased $149.1 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $2.8 million, while the decrease in loans held for sale average balances of $13.9 million had a small unfavorable impact on interest income of $224 thousand. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was led by average balance increases in commercial mortgage loans ($69.2 million), home equity lines and loans ($18.1 million), commercial and industrial loans ($26.1 million), and construction loans ($51.8 million). The change in rates led to decreased yields on loans held for sale (down 7 basis points) and loans held for investment (down 6 basis points) that unfavorably impact interest income by $178 thousand, overall.
On the funding side, overall interest expense decreased $2.1 million, largely driven by the a continuation in the decline of the cost of deposits and borrowings driven by the Fed's rates cuts over the last year. The cost of deposits were down across the board, leading to a $1.9 million decrease to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits decreased 117 basis points, 78 basis points and 70 basis points, respectively. These deposit cost declines were partially offset by overall volume increases as the average balances on money market and savings accounts increased $173.5 million, and the average balances on interest-bearing demand deposits increased $40.8 million, while time deposit average balances decreased $37.7 million.
The cost of borrowings decreased by 13 basis points, while the cost of subordinated debentures increased 239 basis points as the $40 million in 2019 Debentures converted to a floating rate instrument as of December 31, 2024, contributing a $303 thousand increase to interest expense. Borrowing balances decreased $36.4 million on average.
Overall, the $4.9 million increase in net interest income over this period was primarily driven by rate changes and secondarily through volume changes.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, tax-equivalent interest income increased $7.5 million as favorable volume changes contributed $8.3 million to interest income, partially offset by rate changes that had a $809 thousand unfavorable impact on interest income. The loans held for investment average balances increased $128.7 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $7.0 million. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was led by average balance increases in commercial mortgage loans ($76.2 million), commercial and industrial loans ($32.7 million), construction loans
($27.3 million), and home equity lines and loans ($17.1 million). The change in rates led to decreased yields on loans held for sale (down 16 basis points) and loans held for investment (down 6 basis points) that unfavorably impacted interest income by $966 thousand, overall.
On the funding side, overall interest expense decreased $4.9 million, largely driven by the impact that the Fed's rate cuts over the last year have had on the cost of deposits and borrowings. The cost of deposits were down across the board, leading to a $4.1 million decrease to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits decreased 85 basis points, 73 basis points and 59 basis points, respectively. These deposit cost declines were partially offset by volume increases as the average balances on money market and savings accounts increased $157.8 million, the average balances on interest-bearing demand deposits increased $30.5 million, while time deposit average balances decreased $10.5 million.
Additionally, the cost of borrowings decreased by 13 basis points, while the cost of subordinated debentures increased 238 basis points as the $40 million in 2019 Debentures converted to a floating rate instrument as of December 31, 2024, contributing a $884 thousand increase to interest expense. Borrowings decreased $40.7 million on average.
Overall, the $12.3 million increase in net interest income over this period was driven by both rate and volume changes.
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
The total provision for credit losses increased $568 thousand on a net basis for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The provision on funded loans increased $874 thousand over the three month comparable period in 2024driven by provisioning for loan growth and charge-offs, as well as an increase in baseline loss rates on certain portfolios. There was no provision on unfunded loan commitments for the three months ended September 30, 2025, while for the three months September 30, 2024 there was a $306 thousand provision on unfunded loan commitments.
The total provision for credit losses increased $4.0 million on a net basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The provision on funded loans increased $3.7 million over the nine month comparable period in 2024 for similar reasons noted above for the three month comparable period.There was a $170 thousand provision on unfunded loan commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, while for the nine months September 30, 2024 there was an unfunded provision reversal of $168 thousand.
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
September 30, 2024
$ Change
% Change
Mortgage banking income
$
5,914
$
6,474
$
(560)
(8.6)
%
Wealth management income
1,610
1,447
163
11.3
%
SBA loan income
1,431
544
887
163.1
%
Earnings on investment in life insurance
246
222
24
10.8
%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments
129
(102)
231
(226.5)
%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale
(75)
169
(244)
(144.4)
%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment
213
965
(752)
(77.9)
%
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity
(166)
(197)
31
(15.7)
%
Other
651
1,309
(658)
(50.3)
%
Total non-interest income
$
9,953
$
10,831
$
(878)
(8.1)
%
Total non-interest income decreased $878 thousand largely due to a decrease in mortgage banking income, fair value adjustments, and other income, compared to the prior year quarterly period. Mortgage banking income decreased $560 thousand over the comparable quarterly period due to a decrease in volume of loans sold of $39.9 million. On a positive note, the overall margin improved by 11 basis points, attributed to changes in the program mix and investor pricing. Other income decreased $658 thousand due to a lower level of other mortgage segment related income.
Partially offsetting the overall decrease in non-interest income was an increase in SBA loan income. SBA loan income increased $887 thousand over this period as the value of SBA loans sold for the quarter-ended September 30, 2025 was $13.4 million, or 112.8%, higher than the quarter-ended September 30, 2024, while the gross margin on sale was 7.4% for the quarter-ended September 30, 2025 compared to 7.9% for the quarter-ended September 30, 2024.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
September 30, 2024
$ Change
% Change
Mortgage banking income
$
15,069
$
15,528
$
(459)
(3.0)
%
Wealth management income
4,637
4,208
429
10.2
%
SBA loan income
4,167
2,315
1,852
80.0
%
Earnings on investment in life insurance
708
644
64
9.9
%
Net gain on sale of MSRs
415
—
415
100.0
%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments
176
176
—
—
%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale
198
138
60
43.5
%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment
573
766
(193)
(25.2)
%
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity
(129)
(279)
150
(53.8)
%
Other
2,751
4,563
(1,812)
(39.7)
%
Total non-interest income
$
28,565
$
28,059
$
506
1.8
%
Total non-interest income increased $506 thousand as the result of several drivers, including an increase in SBA loan income, increased wealth management income from our Meridian Wealth Partners segment, and a net gain on sale of MSRs. These increases were partially offset by a decline in other non-interest income and mortgage banking income.
SBA loan income increased $1.9 million over this period as the value of SBA loans sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $37.4 million, or 94.7%, higher than the nine months ended September 30, 2024, while the gross margin on sale was 7.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 8.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Wealth management income increased $429 thousand as the value of the markets improved over this period. From the MSR sale discussed above, there was a net gain on sale of $415 thousand over the nine month comparable period.
Other non-interest income decreased $1.8 million due to lower levels of FHLB stock dividend income, broker fees and other mortgage segment related income, partially offset by an increase in business credit card fee income and swap fee income.
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
September 30, 2024
$ Change
% Change
Salaries and employee benefits
$
13,613
$
12,829
$
784
6.1
%
Occupancy and equipment
991
1,243
(252)
(20.3)
%
Professional fees
1,092
1,106
(14)
(1.3)
%
Data processing and software
1,865
1,553
312
20.1
%
Advertising and promotion
877
717
160
22.3
%
Pennsylvania bank shares tax
254
181
73
40.3
%
Other
2,854
2,917
(63)
(2.2)
%
Total non-interest expense
$
21,546
$
20,546
$
1,000
4.9
%
Total non-interest expense increased $1.0 million, or 4.9%, largely attributable to an increase in salaries and employee benefits and data processing and software expense, partially offset by a decline in occupancy and equipment expense. Salaries and employee benefits increased $784 thousand due largely to overall employee merit, benefit, and tax related increases for existing employees, as well as an increase of 4 full-time equivalent employees, combined with an increase in mortgage segment related commissions and other benefits. There was a decline of $252 thousand in occupancy and equipment expense due to the early termination of office lease space, as discussed in prior earnings filings. Data processing and software expense increased $312 thousand due to an increase in customer transaction volume and the impact of Meridian's continued investment in technology.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Same Period in 2024
The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
September 30, 2024
$ Change
% Change
Salaries and employee benefits
$
38,177
$
34,839
$
3,338
9.6
%
Occupancy and equipment
3,366
3,706
(340)
(9.2)
%
Professional fees
3,019
3,633
(614)
(16.9)
%
Data processing and software
5,050
4,591
459
10.0
%
Advertising and promotion
2,933
2,454
479
19.5
%
Pennsylvania bank shares tax
792
729
63
8.6
%
Other
8,309
7,786
523
6.7
%
Total non-interest expense
$
61,646
$
57,738
$
3,908
6.8
%
Total non-interest expense increased $3.9 million, or 6.8%, largely attributable to an increase in salaries and employee benefits and other non-interest expense. Data processing and software expenses, along with advertising expenses increased over this period as well. Salaries and employee benefits increased $3.3 million due largely to overall employee merit, benefit, and tax related increases for existing employees, as well as an increase of 4 full-time equivalent employees, combined with an increase in mortgage segment related commissions and other benefits.
Professional fees decreased $614 thousand over the prior period due to the results of cost control efforts on certain internal audit fees, combined with a lower level of OREO expense over the comparable period. Data processing and software expense increased $459 thousand due to an increase in customer transaction volume and the impact of Meridian's continued investment in technology. Advertising and promotion expense increased $479 thousand over the comparable period due to a multimedia marketing campaign run during the current year, combined with the impact from an increase in customer engagement activities. Other non-interest expense increased $523 thousand due to an increase in certain loan related expenses, combined with an increase in employee travel and training activities.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, as compared to $1.5 million and $3.4 million for the same periods in 2024. Our effective tax rates were 23.2% and 23.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 24.1% and 24.3% for the same periods in 2024. While income tax expense increased primarily due to the increase in income before income taxes, the effective tax rate decreased slightly due to the impact of lower nondeductible expense and an increase in tax-free bank owned life insurance income.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was enacted into law in the U.S. The Act includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We are currently assessing its impact on our consolidated financial statements.
BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
As of September 30, 2025, total assets were $2.5 billion which increased $155.3 million, or 6.5%, from December 31, 2024. This increase in assets over the prior period was due primarily to loan portfolio growth, as detailed in the following table:
Total loans and other finance receivables increased $133.0 million, to $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2025, from $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2024. Overall portfolio loan growth was 6.6% since December 31, 2024, or 8.7% on an annualized basis for 2025. Commercial real estate loans increased $48.5 million, or 5.9%, construction loans increased $55.5 million, or 21.4%, SBA loans decreased $17.9 million, or 11.5% due to loan sales described above, and commercial and industrial loans increased $50.7 million, or 13.8%.
As of September 30, 2025, included within the commercial real estate loans total of $872.5 million was $282.4 million of owner-occupied commercial loans, as well as $125.0 million of multi-family loans. Nearly all of the multi-family real estate loans are on properties located in Philadelphia and surrounding counties we service.
The following table presents the major categories of deposits at the dates indicated:
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
$ Change
% Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
239,614
$
240,858
$
(1,244)
(0.5)
%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand deposits
151,973
141,439
10,534
7.4
%
Money market and savings deposits
996,126
913,536
82,590
9.0
%
Time deposits
743,403
709,535
33,868
4.8
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
$
1,891,502
$
1,764,510
$
126,992
7.2
%
Total deposits
$
2,131,116
$
2,005,368
$
125,748
6.3
%
Total deposits increased $125.7 million, or 6.3%, since December 31, 2024. Total interest-bearing deposits increased $127.0 million during the period, while noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $1.2 million. The overall increase in interest-bearing accounts was largely due to customer preference for money market deposits which carry higher interest rates than demand deposits. Time deposits increased $33.9 million, or 4.8%, largely due customer preference for the higher term interest rates offered by these products.
The majority of Meridian's deposit base is comprised of business deposits, 50%, with consumer deposits amounting to 14% at September 30, 2025. Municipal deposits at 13% and brokered deposits at 23% provide growth funding. Historically, business deposits lag loan fundings. A typical business relationship maintains operating accounts, investment accounts or sweep accounts and business owners may also have personal savings or wealth accounts. Deposit balances in business accounts have a tendency to be higher on average than consumer accounts. At September 30, 2025, 61% of business accounts and 90% of consumer accounts were fully insured by the FDIC. The municipal deposits are 100% collateralized and brokered deposits are 100% FDIC insured. The level of uninsured deposits for the entire deposit base was 21% at September 30, 2025.
Capital
Consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Corporation was $188.0 million, or 7.4% of total assets as of September 30, 2025, as compared to $171.5 million, or 7.2% of total assets as of December 31, 2024. On October 23, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share payable November 17, 2025 to shareholders of record as of November 10, 2025.
In February 2025, the Corporation entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., as distribution agent, relating to the sale of up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock, from time to time, pursuant to an at-the-market (ATM) program. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Corporation sold, and subsequently settled the issuance of 188,478 shares of common stock directly through the distribution agent under its ATM at an average price per share of $15.75. Total net proceeds from these sales of common stock amounted to $2.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, 811,522 shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the ATM program.
Under the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, a community banking organization that is less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and has limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9% can elect to report a single regulatory capital ratio. The Corporation has elected to be measured under this framework for Bank capital
adequacy and had ratios of 9.41% and 9.21% at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Corporation is exempt from CBLR.
The following table presents the Bank’s capital ratios and the minimum capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” by regulators at the periods indicated:
Bank
Well-capitalized minimum
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Tier 1 leverage ratio
9.41
%
9.21
%
5.00
%
Common tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
10.52
%
10.33
%
6.50
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
10.52
%
10.33
%
8.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
11.54
%
11.20
%
10.00
%
In December 2018, the Federal Reserve announced that a banking organization that experiences a reduction in retained earnings due to the CECL adoption as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which CECL is adopted may elect to phase in the regulatory capital impact of adopting CECL. Transitional amounts are calculated for the following items: retained earnings, temporary difference deferred tax assets and credit loss allowances eligible for inclusion in regulatory capital. When calculating regulatory capital ratios, 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in during the first year. An additional 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in over each of the next two years and at the beginning of the fourth year, the day-one effects of CECL are completely reflected in regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2025, Meridian has phased in 75% of the day-one effects of CECL.
Asset Quality Summary
The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets was 2.32% as of September 30, 2025, up from 1.90% reported as of December 31, 2024. Total non-performing loans of $55.4 million as of September 30, 2025, increased $10.3 million from $45.1 million as December 31, 2024. Included in non-performing loans at September 30, 2025 is $11.8 million of SBA guaranteed loans. The overall increase was the result of risk rating downgrades leading to non-performing loan classification mainly in the SBA loan portfolio and to a lesser degree in construction loans and residential mortgages, partially offset by a $4.1 million decline in non-performing commercial loans due to the repossession of a billboard on a advertising based commercial loan relationship and the foreclosure of real estate collateral from another commercial loan. The repossessed billboard was transferred into other repossessed assets with a value of $2.4 million, after adjustment for estimated costs to sell, while the foreclosed real estate from another commercial loan was transferred into OREO with a value of $1.3 million, after adjustment for estimated costs to sell.
Meridian realized net charge-offs of 0.09% of total average loans for the three months ending September 30, 2025, which was down slightly from 0.11% reported for the same period in 2024. Net charge-offs for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 were $1.9 million, compared to net charge-offs of $2.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Net charge-offs for the current quarter comprised of $2.1 million in charge-offs, with $214 thousand in recoveries, and were split between commercial loans, leases, and SBA loans.
The ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (a non-GAAP measure, see reconciliation in the Appendix), was 1.01% as of September 30, 2025 compared to 0.91% as of December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025 there were specific reserves of $3.3 million against non-performing loans, a increase from $2.7 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase in ACL coverage over this period was driven by an increase in baseline quantitative and qualitative reserving for loan growth and economic factors, as well as an increase in baseline loss rates for certain portfolios.
The Corporation is proactive with its loan review process that utilizes the engagement of an independent outside loan review firm, which helps identify developing credit issues. Proactive steps that are taken include the procurement of additional collateral (preferably outside the current loan structure) whenever possible and frequent contact with the borrower. The Corporation believes that timely identification of credit issues and appropriate actions early in the process serve to mitigate overall risk of loss.
The following table presents nonperforming assets and related ratios for the periods indicated:
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Non-performing assets:
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage
$
1,241
$
809
Home equity lines and loans
1,583
1,716
Residential mortgage
10,350
7,900
Construction
10,308
8,613
Total real estate loans
23,482
19,038
Commercial and industrial
7,838
11,966
Small business loans
21,256
12,270
Leases
2,301
1,851
Total nonaccrual loans and leases
54,877
45,125
Loans 90+ days past due and still accruing
480
—
Other real estate owned
1,297
159
Repossessed assets
2,417
117
Total non-performing assets
$
59,071
$
45,401
Asset quality ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets
2.32
%
1.90
%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans and other finance receivables
2.56
%
2.22
%
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) (1)
2.58
%
2.24
%
Non-performing loans (excluding guaranteed portion of SBA loans) to total loans and leases (1)
1.99
%
1.87
%
Allowance for credit losses to:
Total loans and other finance receivables
1.01
%
0.91
%
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) (1)
1.01
%
0.91
%
Non-performing loans
39.37
%
40.86
%
Total loans and leases
$
2,190,861
$
2,062,850
Total loans and other finance receivables
2,162,845
2,030,437
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value)
2,148,391
2,015,936
Allowance for credit losses
21,794
18,438
(1) The allowance for credit losses to total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of this measure to its most comparable GAAP measure.
Liquidity
Management maintains liquidity to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Meridian’s foundation for liquidity is a stable and loyal customer deposit base, cash and cash equivalents, and a marketable investment portfolio that provides periodic cash flow through regular maturities and amortization or that can be used as collateral to secure funding.
In addition, Meridian maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs and has access to approximately $680.4 million in liquidity from these sources. Through its relationship at the Federal Reserve, Meridian had available credit of approximately $5.0 million at September 30, 2025. As a member of the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow up to a specific credit limit, which is determined by the amount of our residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other loans that have been pledged as collateral. As of September 30, 2025, Meridian’s
maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $746.0 million. At September 30, 2025, Meridian had borrowed $134.3 million and the FHLB had issued letters of credit, on Meridian’s behalf, totaling $183.2 million against its available credit lines. At September 30, 2025, Meridian also had available $56.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other financial institutions as well as $292.1 million of available short or long term wholesale funding arrangements through the CDARS/ICS one-way buy program and conventional brokered CDs. Management believes that Meridian has adequate resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.
Discussion of Segments
As of September 30, 2025, the Corporation has three principal segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” The segments are Banking, Mortgage Banking and Wealth Management (see Note 10 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements).
The Banking Segment recorded income before tax of $7.7 million and $16.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to income before tax of $3.9 million and $10.6 million for the same periods in 2024. The Banking Segment provided 88.3% and 86.4% of the Corporation’s pre-tax profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to 63.1% and 75.0% for the same periods in 2024.
The Wealth Management Segment recorded income before tax of $512 thousand and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to income before tax of $653 thousand and $1.8 million for the same periods in 2024.
The Mortgage Banking Segment recorded income before tax of $507 thousand and $758 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to income before tax of $1.7 million and $1.7 million for the same periods in 2024. Mortgage Banking income and expenses related to loan originations and sales increased over the comparable periods due to higher loan origination and sales volume.
Off Balance Sheet Risk
The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and loan repurchase commitments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Total commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2025 were $617.3 million as compared to $603.1 million at December 31, 2024.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to a customer for a third party. Such standby letters of credit are issued to support private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is similar to that involved in granting loan facilities to customers. The Corporation’s obligation under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2025 amounted to $15.4 million as compared to $15.5 million at December 31, 2024.
Estimated fair values of the Corporation’s off-balance sheet instruments are based on fees and rates currently charged to enter into similar loan agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Since fees and rates charged for off-balance sheet items are at market levels when set, there is no material difference between the stated amount and the estimated fair value of off-balance sheet instruments.
In certain circumstances the Corporation may be required to repurchase residential mortgage loans from investors under the terms of loan sale agreements. Generally, these circumstances include the breach of representations and warranties made to investors regarding borrower default or early payment, as well as a violation of the applicable federal, state, or local lending laws. The Corporation agrees to repurchase loans if the representations and warranties made with respect to such loans are breached. Based on the obligations described above, the Corporation repurchased no loans for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and one loan of $425 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, while the Corporation repurchased one loan and 5 loans of $257 thousand and $1.1 million in total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Meridian believes that non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate performance trends and the adequacy of common equity. This non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for performance and financial condition measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Meridian’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.
Our management used the measure of the tangible common equity ratio to assess our capital strength. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of our goodwill and other intangible assets, it allows investors to more easily assess our capital adequacy. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for any regulatory capital ratios and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The table below provides the non-GAAP reconciliation for our tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share:
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP)
$
188,029
$
171,522
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets
(3,513)
(3,666)
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)
184,516
167,856
Total assets (GAAP)
2,541,130
2,385,867
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets
(3,513)
(3,666)
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)
$
2,537,617
$
2,382,201
Stockholders' equity to total assets (GAAP)
7.40
%
7.19
%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)
7.27
%
7.05
%
Shares outstanding
11,517
11,240
Book value per share (GAAP)
$
16.33
$
15.26
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)
$
16.02
$
14.93
The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment ratio at September 30, 2025. This is considered a non-GAAP measure as the calculation excludes the impact of loans held for investment that are fair valued as these loan types are not included in the allowance for credit losses calculation.
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses (GAAP)
$
21,794
$
18,438
Loans and other finance receivables (GAAP)
2,162,845
2,030,437
Less: Loans at fair value
(14,454)
(14,501)
Loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (non-GAAP)
$
2,148,391
$
2,015,936
Allowance for credit losses to loans and other finance receivables (GAAP)
1.01
%
0.91
%
Allowance for credit losses to loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (non-GAAP)
1.01
%
0.91
%
The following is a reconciliation of non-performing loans, excluding the guaranteed portion of SBA loans that are classified as non-performing loans, to total loans and leases at September 30, 2025. This is considered a non-GAAP measure as the calculation excludes the impact of SBA guarantees from non-performing loans.
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
Non-performing loans (GAAP)
$
55,357
$
45,125
Less: Guaranteed portion of SBA loans classified as non-performing
$
(11,811)
$
(6,520)
Non-performing loans, excluding guaranteed portion of SBA loans (non-GAAP)
$
43,546
$
38,605
Total loans and leases
$
2,190,861
$
2,062,850
Non-performing loans (excluding guaranteed portion of SBA loans) to total loans and leases
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Simulations of Net Interest Income
We use a simulation model on a quarterly basis to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income resulting from various hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Our model incorporates various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which may have a significant impact on results such as:
•The timing of changes in interest rates;
•Shifts or rotations in the yield curve;
•Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on the balance sheet;
•Differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices;
•Varying timing of loan prepayments for different interest rate scenarios;
•The effect of interest rate floors, periodic loan caps and lifetime loan caps;
•Overall growth rates and product mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate ALM strategies.
Potential increase (decrease) to our net interest income between a flat interest rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining interest rate scenarios, measured over a one-year period as of the dates indicated, are presented in the following table which assuming rate shifts occur upward and downward on the yield curve in even increments over the first twelve months (ramp) followed by rates held constant thereafter.
September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates
2025
2024
+300 basis points over next 12 months
1.64
%
2.04
%
+200 basis points over next 12 months
1.34
%
1.62
%
+100 basis points over next 12 months
0.78
%
0.96
%
No Change
-100 basis points over next 12 months
(0.61)
%
(1.31)
%
-200 basis points over next 12 months
(0.85)
%
(2.54)
%
-300 basis points over next 12 months
(0.26)
%
(3.10)
%
The above interest rate simulation suggests as of September 30, 2025 that the Corporation’s balance sheet is neutrally positioned over the next 12 months. The simulated exposure to a change in interest rates is manageable and well within policy guidelines. The results continue to drive our funding strategy of increasing relationship-based accounts (core deposits) and utilizing term deposits to fund short to medium duration assets.
Simulation of economic value of equity
To quantify the amount of capital required to absorb potential losses in value of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities resulting from adverse market movements, we calculate economic value of equity on a quarterly basis. We define economic value of equity as the net present value of our balance sheet’s cash flow, and we calculate economic value of equity by discounting anticipated principal and interest cash flows under the prevailing and hypothetical interest rate environments. Potential changes to our economic value of equity between a flat rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios are presented in the following table. The projections assume shifts upward and downward in the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points occurring immediately.
September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates
2025
2024
+300 basis points
9
%
9
%
+200 basis points
8
%
9
%
+100 basis points
5
%
6
%
No Change
-100 basis points
(8)
%
(9)
%
-200 basis points
(21)
%
(25)
%
-300 basis points
(40)
%
(47)
%
This economic value of equity profile at September 30, 2025 suggests that an instantaneous decrease in rates would have a negative impact on value of the Banks' balance sheet. While an instantaneous shift in interest rates is used in this analysis to provide an estimate
of exposure, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact. Since economic value of equity measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in economic value of equity does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon.
The results of our net interest income and economic value of equity simulation analysis are purely hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from that projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel yield curve shifts or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause net interest income to be different from that projected. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term interest-bearing liabilities reprice faster than expected or faster than our interest-earning assets. Actual results could differ from those projected if interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities grow faster or slower than estimated, or otherwise change its mix of products. Actual results could also differ from those projected if actual repayment speeds in the loan portfolio are substantially different than those assumed in the simulation model. Furthermore, the results do not take into account the impact of changes in loan prepayment rates on loan discount accretion. If loan prepayment rates were to increase, any remaining loan discounts would be recognized into interest income. This would result in a current period offset to declining net interest income caused by higher rate loans prepaying. Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes to loan, investment, deposit, funding or other strategies.
Management has and continues to employ strategies to mitigate risk in the Net Interest Income and Economic Value simulations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Corporation’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2025 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that the Corporation files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported completely and accurately within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
Changes inInternal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II–OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
None
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes in the risk factors faced by the Corporation from those disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
November 7, 2025
Meridian Corporation
By:
/s/ Christopher J. Annas
Christopher J. Annas President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
By:
/s/ Denise Lindsay
Denise Lindsay Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
