UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

OR

OR

Date of event requiring this shell company report________

For the transition period from ________to________

Commission file number: 001-38877

Yunji Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

15/F, South Building

Hipark Phase 2, Xiaoshan District

Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000

People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Yeqing Cui, Senior Financial Director

15/F, South Building

Hipark Phase 2, Xiaoshan District

Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000

People’s Republic of China

Telephone: 86-86-571-8168 8920

Email: cuiyq@yunjiglobal.com

(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

As of December 31, 2023, there were 1,966,378,532 ordinary shares outstanding, par value US$0.000005 per share, being the sum of 1,016,418,532 Class A ordinary shares (excluding treasury shares), par value US$0.000005 per share and 949,960,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.000005 per share.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. ☐ Yes ☐ No

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report on Form 20-F to:

Our reporting currency is the Renminbi because our business is mainly conducted in China and all of our revenues are denominated in Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The conversion of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this annual report is based on the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report are made at a rate of RMB7.0999 to US$1.00, the exchange rate in effect as of the end of December 29, 2023, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and other sections in this annual report. You should read thoroughly this annual report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

PART I.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs

Yunji Inc. is not an operating company in China but a Cayman Islands holding company with no equity ownership in the VIEs. We conduct our business in China through (i) our PRC subsidiaries and (ii) the VIEs with which we have maintained contractual arrangements. PRC laws and regulations restrict and impose conditions on foreign investment in value-added telecommunication services, audio and video services and certain other businesses. Accordingly, we operate these businesses in China through the VIEs, and rely on contractual arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, the VIEs and their respective shareholders to direct the business operations of the VIEs. Revenues contributed by the VIEs accounted for 23.8%, 30.3% and 49.4% of our total revenues for the years of 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As used in this annual report, “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refers to Yunji Inc., our Cayman Islands holding company and its subsidiaries. Yunji Inc. is a holding company with no operations of its own. Our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs conduct operations in China, and the VIEs are consolidated for accounting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP only but are not entities in which we have any equity interest. Unless otherwise specified, in the context of describing our business and operations in China, we are referring to the business and operations conducted by our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs. Holders of our ADSs hold equity interest in Yunji Inc., our Cayman Islands holding company, and do not have direct or indirect equity interest in the VIEs.

A series of contractual agreements, including proxy agreement and powers of attorney, equity interest pledge agreement, exclusive service agreement, and exclusive option agreement, have been entered into by and among our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, Yunchuang Sharing, the VIEs and their respective shareholders. Terms contained in each set of contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their respective shareholders are substantially similar. As a result of the contractual arrangements, we are able to direct the activities of and derive economic benefits from the VIEs. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs for accounting purposes, and we have consolidated the financial results of the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements. Neither we nor our investors has an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control through such ownership or investment of, the variable interest entities, and the contractual arrangements are not equivalent to an equity ownership in the business of the variable interest entities. For more details of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”

However, the contractual arrangements is not as effective as direct ownership and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. Our corporate structure is subject to risks associated with the contractual arrangements with the VIEs. The VIE structure is used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where Chinese law prohibits or restricts direct foreign investment in the operating companies. Investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating companies. If the PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with PRC laws and regulations, or if these laws and regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. The PRC regulatory authorities could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material adverse change in our operations, and our ADSs may decline significantly in value or become worthless. Specifically, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules regarding the status of the rights of our Cayman Islands holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their respective shareholders. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. Our holding company, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of the VIEs and our company as a whole. In addition, as of the date of this annual report, these agreements have not been tested in a court of law. For a detailed description of the risks associated with our corporate structure, please refer to risks disclosed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties relating to doing business in China. Our business operations are primarily conducted in China, and we are subject to complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. Recent statements and enhanced regulatory actions by PRC government, such as those related to filing procedures on offerings conducted overseas by China-based issuers, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using VIE structures, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement, have or may impact our ability to conduct certain businesses, accept foreign investments, maintain our listing status on a United States stock exchange or list on a foreign stock exchange outside of mainland China. For example, these statements and enhanced regulatory actions require issuers that have been listed in an overseas market by March 31, 2023, such as our company, to complete certain filing procedures with the CSRC in connection with future securities offerings and listings outside of mainland China, including follow-on offerings, issuance of convertible bonds, offshore relisting after going-private transactions, and other equivalent offering activities. See “Item 3. Key Information—Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for our Operations.” As the statements and regulatory developments relating to these areas are relatively new and rapidly evolving, substantial uncertainties remain in relation to their interpretation and implementation. Any such action could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs, affect our ability to accept foreign investments or list on another foreign stock exchange outside of mainland China, including significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. The PRC government may promulgate additional laws, rules and regulations that may impose significant obligations and liabilities on China-based companies. These laws and regulations can be complex and stringent, and many are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, which could lead to potential claims, change to our data and other business practices, regulatory investigations, penalties, increased operational costs, declines in user numbers or engagement, or otherwise affect our business operations.

PRC government has significant authority in regulating our operations and may influence our operations. It may exert more oversight over offerings conducted overseas by, and/or foreign investment in, China-based issuers, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. Implementation of industry-wide regulations in this nature may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The PRC government’s significant oversight over our business operations could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs.”

Risks and uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of laws and quickly evolving rules and regulations in China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.”

The chart below summarizes our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this annual report:

Notes:

Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs and Their Respective Shareholders

Current PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in value-added telecommunication services and certain other businesses. We are an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Yunchuang Sharing is our PRC subsidiary and a foreign-invested enterprise under PRC laws. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we conduct certain of our business in China through the VIEs based on a series of contractual arrangements by and among Yunchuang Sharing, or our WFOE, the VIEs and their shareholders. Historically, we also maintained contractual arrangements by and among our WFOE, Yunji Sharing and its shareholders. In order to streamline our corporate structure, in December 2023, our WFOE acquired Yunji Sharing by purchasing all equity interests held by the shareholders in Yunji Sharing and Yunji Sharing has since become a wholly owned subsidiary of our WFOE. Accordingly, the contractual arrangements with Yunji Sharing and its shareholders were effectively terminated in December 2023.

Our contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their respective shareholders allow us to (i) direct the activities of the VIEs, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIEs, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIEs when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.

As a result of our direct ownership in our WFOE and the contractual arrangements with the VIEs, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and we treat them and their subsidiaries as the consolidated VIEs under U.S. GAAP. We have consolidated the financial results of the VIEs and their subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for accounting purposes.

The following is a summary of the currently effective contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIEs and their shareholders:

(i) a series of proxy agreements and power of attorney, pursuant to which, the shareholders of the VIEs irrevocably authorized our WFOE, or any person designated by our WFOE, to act as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all of their rights as the shareholders of the VIEs.

(ii) a series of equity interest pledge agreements, pursuant to which, the shareholders of the VIEs have pledged 100% equity interests in the VIEs to our WFOE to guarantee performance by the shareholders of their obligations under the exclusive option agreements, the exclusive service agreements, the proxy agreements and power of attorney, as well as the performance by the VIEs of their obligations under the exclusive option agreements and the exclusive service agreements.

(iii) a series of exclusive service agreements, pursuant to which, our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide the VIEs with operational supports as well as consulting and technical services required by the VIEs’ business. Without our WFOE’s prior written consent, the VIEs may not accept the same or similar operational supports as well as consulting and technical services provided by any third party during the term of the agreements.

(iv) a series of exclusive option agreements, pursuant to which, the shareholders of the VIEs irrevocably granted our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of their equity interests in the VIEs, and the VIEs irrevocably granted our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of their assets.

(v) a loan agreement, pursuant to which, our WFOE made loans to the shareholders of Yunji Preferred for the sole purpose of making capital contribution to Yunji Preferred. The shareholders of Yunji Preferred can only repay the loans by the sale of all or part of their equity interests in Yunji Preferred to our WFOE or its designated person pursuant to the amended and restated exclusive option agreement, and, to the extent permitted under PRC law, pay all of the proceeds from sale of such equity interests to our WFOE.

(vi) spousal consent letters, whereby the spouses of the shareholders of Yunji Preferred agreed that the equity interests in Yunji Preferred held by and registered under the name of the respective shareholders will be disposed pursuant to the contractual agreements with our WFOE and they agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interest in Yunji Preferred.

For more details of these contractual agreements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs and Their Respective Shareholders.”

In the opinion of Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel:

However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of the VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations, and our ADSs may decline in value or become worthless.” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.”

Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations

Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. After consulting our PRC legal counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, we believe, as of the date of this annual report, except as otherwise stated in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business or failure to comply with any requirements of PRC laws, regulations and policies may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations,” our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs have obtained all the requisite operational licenses and permits from the PRC government authorities that are necessary for the business operations of our holding company, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs in China, namely, the VATS License, the Network Culture Business Permit, the Production and Operation of Broadcasting and Television Programs Permit, the ICP filing, the Internet Pharmaceutical Information Services Qualification Certificate, the Record-Filing of Third-Party Platforms Providing Online Trading Service for Medical Devices, the Record-Filing for Business Operations of Class Two Medical Devices, the Publication Operation Permit, the Food Operation Permit, the Record-Filing Application as A Third-Party Platform Provider for Online Food Trading, the registration and record-filing of cosmetic products and the filing of APP (including mini-applet) organizer. We, our PRC subsidiaries, and the VIEs have not been denied for any permission or approval by any PRC authority with respect to the operation of our business as of the date of this annual report. However, given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of the laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by the government authorities, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, filings or approvals for the functions and services of our platform in the future. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business or failure to comply with any requirements of PRC laws, regulations and policies may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations,” “—Failure to comply with the E-Commerce Law may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of Operations,” “—Our and the VIEs’ business generates and processes a large amount of data, and we are required to comply with PRC and other applicable laws relating to data privacy and cybersecurity. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and improper use or disclosure of data could have a material and adverse effect on our business and prospects,” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and the VIEs may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies.”

Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Overseas Financing Activities

In connection with our historical issuance of securities to foreign investors, under current PRC laws, regulations and rules, as of the date of this annual report, we, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs, are not required to (i) obtain any permission or approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, (ii) go through cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or (iii) obtain permission or approval from any other PRC government authority. In addition, we, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs, have not been asked to obtain nor were denied for any permission or approval by any PRC government authority in connection with our historical issuance of securities to foreign investors.

The PRC government has indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Circular of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Arrangements for Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing of Domestic Enterprises, or the Circular of Overseas Listing and Offering, and the Trial Administrative Measures of the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and five relevant guidelines, or the Overseas Listing Trial Measures. The Overseas Listing Trial Measures became effective on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either in direct or indirect means, are required to fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC and report relevant information. According to the Circular of Overseas Listing and Offering, issuers that have already been listed in an overseas market by March 31, 2023, such as our company, are not required to make any immediate filing. As advised by our PRC legal counsel, Han Kun Law Offices, as our ADSs have been listed on Nasdaq prior to March 31, 2023, we will be deemed as an “existing issuer” pursuant to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures and are not required to complete the filing procedures with the CSRC for our initial public offering and other historical issuance of securities to foreign investors. However, under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, such issuers will be required to complete certain filing procedures with the CSRC in connection with future securities offerings and listings outside of mainland China, including follow-on offerings, issuance of convertible bonds, offshore relisting after going-private transactions, and other equivalent offering activities. There remain substantial uncertainties about the interpretation, application and implementation of the Overseas Listing Trial Measures. Therefore, we will be required to complete the filing procedures with the CSRC for our overseas offering of equity and equity linked securities in the future within the applicable scope of the Overseas Listing Trial Measures. If we fail to obtain required approval or complete other review or filing procedures, under the Overseas Listing Trial Measures or otherwise, for any future securities offerings and listings outside of mainland China, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in mainland China, limitations on our operating privileges in mainland China, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in mainland China, restrictions on or delays to our future financing transactions offshore, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval and/or other requirements of the CSRC or other PRC governmental authorities may be required in connection with an offering under PRC rules, regulations or policies, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or how soon we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such other requirements.”

On December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China and other PRC governmental authorities jointly issued the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022, requiring that, among others, operators of “critical information infrastructure” or data processors holding over one million users’ personal information seeking to list on a stock exchange in a foreign country are subject to a cybersecurity review. Our PRC legal counsel has consulted the relevant PRC government authority, which confirmed that, under the currently effective PRC laws and regulations, a company already listed in a foreign stock exchange before promulgation of the Cybersecurity Review Measures is not required to go through a cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China to maintain its listing status on the foreign stock exchange on which its securities have been listed. Therefore, we believe that under the currently effective PRC laws and regulations, we are not required to go through a cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China for our past issuance of securities to foreign investors and maintaining our listing status on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

If (i) we do not receive or maintain any permits or approvals required of us, (ii) we inadvertently concluded that certain permits or approvals have been acquired or are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations thereof change and we become subject to the requirement of additional permits or approvals in the future, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such permissions or approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and such approvals may be rescinded even if obtained. Any such circumstance could subject us to penalties, including fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.”

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, if the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or the ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States and this could result in a determination by the national securities exchange to delist our securities. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, was signed into law, which amended the HFCAA to reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two, thereby reducing the time before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor. Our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, is headquartered in mainland China. In May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA because we filed an annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 with the SEC on April 26, 2022 with an audit report issued by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, a registered public accounting firm retained by the Company, for the preparation of the audit report on our Company’s financial statements included therein. PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP is a registered public accounting firm headquartered in mainland China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB determined that it had been unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered there until December 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we were not identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we filed our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and do not expect to be so identified after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the prohibition on trading under the HFCAA. In accordance with the HFCAA, our securities would be prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years in the future. Furthermore, whether the PCAOB will be able to continue to conduct inspections and investigations completely to its satisfaction of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor’s, control, including positions taken by authorities of the PRC or any other foreign jurisdiction. If authorities in the PRC or another foreign jurisdiction were to take a position at any time in the future that would prevent the PCAOB from continuing to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong, and if such lack of inspection were to extend for the requisite period of time under the HFCAA, our securities will be prohibited from being traded on U.S. markets and this could result in a determination by Nasdaq to delist our securities. If our shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, there is no certainty that we will be able to list on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our shares will develop outside of the United States. A prohibition of being able to trade in the United States would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our ADSs. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in mainland China and Hong Kong. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Cash Flows through Our Organization

Yunji Inc. is a holding company with no operations of its own. We conduct our business in China through our subsidiaries and the VIEs in China. As a result, although other means are available for us to obtain financing at the holding company level, Yunji Inc.’s ability to pay dividends to the shareholders and to service any debt it may incur may depend upon dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries and license and service fees paid by the VIEs. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to Yunji Inc. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends to Yunji Inc. only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Further, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs are required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds or may make appropriations to certain discretionary funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies. For more details, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Holding Company Structure.”

Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs are subject to certain restrictions with respect to paying dividends or otherwise transferring any of their net assets to us. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise out of China is also subject to examination by the banks designated by State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE. The amounts restricted include the paid-up capital and the statutory reserve funds of our PRC subsidiaries and the net assets of the VIEs in which we have no legal ownership, totaling RMB451.4 million, RMB453.4 million and RMB639.4 million (US$90.1 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Furthermore, cash transfers from our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs to entities outside of China are subject to PRC government controls on currency conversion. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may temporarily delay the ability of our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. There is no assurance the PRC government will not intervene in or impose restrictions on the ability of Yunji Inc., our subsidiaries, and the VIEs to transfer cash. As of the date of this annual report, there is not equivalent or similar restriction or limitation in Hong Kong on cash transfers in, or out of, our Hong Kong entities. However, if certain restrictions or limitations in mainland China were to become applicable to cash transfers in and out of Hong Kong entities in the future, the funds in our Hong Kong entities may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of Hong Kong. To the extent cash in the business is in mainland China or Hong Kong or a mainland China or Hong Kong entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of mainland China or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash. For risks relating to the fund flows of our operations in China, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs in China, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

Under PRC law, Yunji Inc. may provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through capital contributions or loans, and to the VIEs only through loans, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, Yunji Inc. extended loans with principal amount of nil, nil and RMB22.0 million (US$3.0 million), respectively, to our intermediate holding companies and subsidiaries and received repayments of RMB294.8 million, RMB19.7 million and nil, respectively, from our intermediate holding companies and subsidiaries. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the VIEs didn’t receive any loans from Yunji Inc. and Yunji Inc. didn’t receive any repayments from the VIEs. The VIEs may transfer cash to our WFOE by paying service fees according to the exclusive service agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, no service fees were paid by the VIEs to our WFOE under the exclusive service agreements. We plan to continue to determine the amount of service fee and payment method with the VIEs and their shareholders based on the working capital needs of the VIEs, and settle fees under the contractual arrangements with the VIEs when required in the future.

We have established stringent controls and procedures for cash flows within our organization. Each transfer of cash between our Cayman Islands holding company and a subsidiary, the VIEs or the subsidiaries of the VIEs is subject to internal approval. The cash of our group is under the unified management of our finance department, and is dispatched and applied to each operating entity based on the budget and operating conditions of the specific operating entity. The cash management policy is not contractual in nature. The controls and procedures on cash transfers in the policy adhere to relevant regulatory requirements.

Yunji Inc. has not declared or paid any cash dividends, nor does it has any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. We currently do not have any plan to require our PRC subsidiaries to distribute their retained earnings and intend to retain them to operate and expand our business in the PRC. See “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividend Policy.” For PRC and United States federal income tax considerations of an investment in our ADSs, see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation.”

For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within mainland China, assuming that: (i) we have taxable earnings, and (ii) we determine to pay a dividend in the future:

Notes:

The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the VIEs will be distributed as fees to our WFOE under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If, in the future, the accumulated earnings of the VIEs exceed the service fees paid to our WFOE (or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities), the VIEs could make a non-deductible transfer to our WFOE for the amounts of the stranded cash in the VIEs. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the VIEs but still taxable income for the WFOE. Such a transfer and the related tax burdens would reduce our after-tax income to approximately 50.6% of the pre-tax income. Our management believes that there is only a remote possibility that this scenario would happen.

Financial Information Related to the VIEs

The following tables provide condensed consolidating schedules depicting the financial position, cash flows, and results of operations for Yunji Inc., its subsidiaries, the VIEs and their subsidiaries, and any eliminating adjustments and consolidated totals (in thousands of RMB) as of and for the dates presented.

Selected Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income Information

Selected Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets Information