Foreign currency translation

The financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars, which is the functional currency of the parent company, as well as the functional currency of Backbone, Backbone Argentina, Backbone Paraguay, Backbone Mining, Orion, Backbone Sharon, Backbone Paso Pe, Backbone Yguazu and Backbone Paraguay LP. The functional currency is the currency that best reflects the economic environment in which the Company operates and conducts its transactions. The Company determines the functional currency of each subsidiary.

Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are subsequently translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect at each reporting date. Exchange rate differences, other than those capitalized to qualifying assets or carried to equity in hedging transactions, are included in profit or loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency stated at cost are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency carried at fair value are translated at the exchange rate at the date on which the fair value was determined.

Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control over the goods or services is transferred to the customer. The transaction price is the amount of the consideration that is expected to be received based on the contract terms, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (such as taxes). The following are the specific revenue recognition criteria which must be met before revenue is recognized:

The Company has entered into arrangements with Mining pool operators, which are the Company’s customers, and has undertaken the single performance obligation of providing a service to perform hash calculations for the Mining pool operators, which is an output of the Company’s ordinary business activities, in exchange for non-cash consideration in the form of Bitcoin, which is variable consideration. The Bitcoin are calculated based on a formula which, in turn, is based on the hashrate contributed by the Company’s provided computing power used for hashing calculations allocated to the Mining pool operators, assessed over a 24-hour period, and distributed daily based on the FPPS formula. The Company assesses the estimated amount of the variable non-cash consideration to which it expects to be entitled for providing computational power used for hashing calculations at contract inception and subsequently measures if it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The uncertainties regarding the daily variable consideration to which the Company is entitled for providing its computational power used for hashing calculations are no longer constrained at 23:59:59 UTC regardless of the timing of the BTC received. The amount earned is calculated based on the Company’s computing power used for hashing calculations provided to the Mining pool operators and the estimated (i) block subsidies and (ii) daily average transaction fees which the Mining pool operators expect to earn, less (iii) a Mining pool discount.

(i) Block subsidies refers to the block reward that are expected to be generated on the BTC network as a whole. The fee earned by the Company is first calculated by dividing (a) the total amount of hashrate the Company provides to the Mining pool operator, by (b) the total BTC network’s implied hashrate (as determined by the BTC network difficulty), multiplied by (c) the total amount of block subsidies that are expected to be generated on the BTC network as a whole.

(ii) Transaction fees refers to the total fees paid by users of the network to execute transactions. The fee paid by the Mining pool operator to the Company is further calculated by 1 plus (a) the total amount of transaction fees that are actually generated on the BTC network as a whole less the 3 largest and 3 smallest blocks, divided by (b) the total amount of block subsidies that are actually generated on the BTC network as a whole less the 3 largest and 3 smallest blocks, multiplied by (c) the Company’s fee earned as calculated in (i) above. The Company is entitled to its relative share of consideration even if a block is not successfully added to the blockchain by the mining pool.

(iii) Mining pool discount refers to the discount applied to the total amount earned based on the FPPS formula otherwise attributed to computing power service providers for their sale of computing power used for hashing calculations as defined in the rate schedule of the agreement with the Mining pool operator.

The Company is entitled to the fee from the Mining pool operators as calculated above regardless of the actual performance of the Mining pool operators. Therefore, even if the Mining pool operators do not successfully add any block to the blockchain in a given contract period, the fee remains payable by the Mining pool operators to the Company. Accordingly, the Company is not sharing in the earnings of the Mining pool operators. The Company’s enforceable right to compensation begins when, and continues as long as, the Company provides its services to the Mining pool operators, and the Company decides when to provide these services under the contracts.

The Company’s agreements with the Mining pool operators provide the Mining pool operators and the Company with the enforceable right to terminate the contract at any time without substantively compensating the other party for the termination. Upon termination, the Mining pool operators are required to pay the Company the amount due related to previously satisfied performance obligations. As a result, the Company has determined that the duration of the contract is less than 24 hours and the contract is continuously renewed throughout the day. The Company has also determined that the Mining pool operators’ renewal right is not a material right as the terms, conditions, and compensation amounts are at then-current market rates.

The Bitcoin earned is received in full and can be paid in fractions of cryptocurrency. Revenues from providing Bitcoin a service to perform hash calculations for the Mining pool operators are recognized upon delivery of the service (i.e., when the Mining pool operators obtain control of the hash calculations) over a 24-hour period. The Company updates the estimated transaction price of the non-cash consideration received at its fair market value. Management estimates fair value daily based on the quantity of Bitcoin received multiplied by the price quoted from Coinbase Inc. (“Coinbase Prime”) on the day it was received. Management considers the prices quoted on Coinbase Prime to be a level 1 input under IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement.

ii. Revenue from electrical services

The Company, through Volta, sells electrical components and provides electrician installation of those components as well as repair and maintenance services. Revenues are recognized according to the stage of completion of the transaction as of the balance sheet date. The stage of completion is estimated based on the costs incurred for the transaction compared to the estimated cost of completion for the project. Under this method, revenues are recognized in the reporting period in which the services are provided. In the event that the outcome of the contract cannot be measured reliably, the revenues are recognized to the extent of the recoverable expenses incurred.

Digital assets

Cryptocurrency on hand at the end of a reporting period, if any, is classified as digital assets, and is accounted for under IAS 38, Intangible Assets, as an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life initially measured at cost, deemed to be the fair value upon receipt as described above, and subsequently measured under the revaluation model. Under the revaluation model, increases in the cryptocurrency’s carrying amount, determined as the excess of fair value on revaluation over the weighted average cost, are recognized in other comprehensive income, except to the extent that they reverse a revaluation decrease previously recognized in profit or loss. Decreases are recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that they reverse a revaluation increase previously recognized in other comprehensive income. Once the cryptocurrency is sold, the revaluation increase related to it is transferred from revaluation surplus to retained earnings. The Company revalues its cryptocurrency on hand on a monthly basis and following any significant fair value fluctuations. The fair value of cryptocurrency on hand at the end of the reporting period is calculated as the quantity of cryptocurrency on hand multiplied by the price quoted on Coinbase Prime as of the reporting date.

The Company reports cryptocurrency on hand at the end of the reporting period as digital assets, which are classified as current assets as Management has determined that the cryptocurrency on hand at the end of the reporting period has markets with sufficient liquidity to allow conversion within the Company’s normal operating cycle and the Company expects to realize the digital asset within twelve months after the reporting period. The Company presents cryptocurrency collateralized separate from unencumbered cryptocurrency.

Income tax

The income tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred taxes. These taxes are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent they relate to items which are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss or directly in shareholders’ equity.

The current tax liability is measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date as well as adjustments required in connection with tax liabilities in respect of previous years.

Deferred taxes are computed in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts in the financial statements and the amounts attributed for tax purposes. Deferred taxes are measured at the tax rate that is expected to apply when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is not probable they will be utilized. Deductible carryforward losses and temporary differences for which deferred tax assets had not been recognized are reviewed at each reporting date and a respective deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that their utilization is probable.

Taxes that would apply in the event of the disposal of investments in investees have not been taken into account in computing deferred taxes as long as the disposal of the investments in investees is not probable in the foreseeable future.

Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. The determination is based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company as a lessee applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) representing the right to use the underlying assets.

The Company recognizes ROU assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). ROU assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of ROU assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. ROU assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, the asset is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset and is classified with property plant and equipment. Refer to the accounting policies of property, plant and equipment in this note. The ROU assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies of impairment of non-financial assets in this note.

Refer to Note 4b for details regarding the change in useful life and depreciation method.

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery, equipment and data centers (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). The Company also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Assets held for sale

Non-currents assets or a disposal group are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is expected to be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. For this to be the case, the assets must be available for immediate sale in their present condition, the Company must be committed to their sale, there must be a program to locate a buyer, and it is highly probable that a sale will be completed within one year from the date of classification. From the date of such initial classification, the assets are no longer depreciated and are presented separately as current assets at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. The gain or loss on disposition of assets held for sale will be presented separately in other comprehensive income (loss) only when it qualifies as part of discontinued operations.

When an entity no longer plans to sell an asset in a sale transaction, it ceases the classification of the asset as held for sale and measures it at the lower of its carrying amount had it not been classified as held for sale or the recoverable amount of the asset on the date of the decision not to sell the asset.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, including directly attributable costs, less accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses and any related investment grants, and excluding day-to-day servicing expenses. Cost includes spare parts and auxiliary equipment that are used in connection with plant and equipment. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which the item is located.

The useful life, depreciation method and residual value of an asset are reviewed at least each year-end and any changes are accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale and the date that the asset is derecognized. Refer to Note 4b for details regarding the change in useful life and depreciation method.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of acquired software and access rights to electricity. Intangible assets acquired separately are initially measured at cost plus direct acquisition costs. Intangible assets acquired in business combinations are measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date.

Intangible assets, other than access rights to electricity, with a finite useful life are amortized over their useful lives using the sum of years method. Access rights to electricity are amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of the data center or the access rights period. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at each year end.

The Company’s assets include computer systems comprised of hardware and software. Certain hardware comes pre-installed with firmware. Without this firmware, the hardware could not function and therefore both the hardware and firmware are classified within property, plant and equipment. In contrast, stand-alone software that adds functionality to the hardware is classified as an intangible asset.

The Company’s access rights to electricity were obtained from the acquisitions of assets described in Note 5.

Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing the performance of the operating segments, and which has been identified as the Management team that makes strategic decisions.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company evaluates the need to record an impairment of non-financial assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is not recoverable. If the carrying amount of non-financial assets exceeds their recoverable amount, the assets are reduced to their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of sale and value in use. In measuring value in use, the expected future cash flows are discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the risks specific to the asset. The recoverable amount of an asset that does not generate independent cash flows is determined for the cash generating unit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.

An impairment loss of an asset, other than goodwill, is reversed only if there have been changes in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. Reversal of an impairment loss, as noted above, shall not be increased above the lower of the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation or amortization) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years and its recoverable amount. The reversal of impairment loss of an asset presented at cost is recognized in profit or loss.

Financial instruments

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs that can be directly attributed to the acquisition of the financial asset, except in the case of a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) in respect of which transaction costs are charged to profit or loss.

Subsequent measurement

Financial assets presented at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest rate (“EIR”) method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired. The Company’s financial assets at amortized cost includes trade receivables, refundable deposits, and certain items included in other assets. Net changes in financial assets measured at fair value are recognized in the statement of profit or loss. The Company’s financial assets at fair value include derivative assets.

Impairment

The Company recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original EIR. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

For trade receivables, the Company applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. The Company does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date.

For Refundable Hosting Deposits, the Company applies the general approach in calculating ECLs. The measurement of expected credit losses is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on credit rating and historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. As for the exposure at default, this is represented by the Refundable Hosting Deposits’ gross carrying amount at the reporting date, the Company’s understanding of the specific future financing needs of the debtor, and other relevant forward-looking information. The expected credit loss is estimated as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR.

The Company has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified at initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company’s financial liabilities include trade payables, accrued liabilities, derivative liabilities, warrant liabilities and long-term debt.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are either measured at fair value through profit or loss or at amortized cost. Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss included warrant liabilities relating to the private placement described in Note 3e, 9 and 22. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as financial expenses in the statement of profit or loss. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

The Company entered into BTC option contracts to reduce the risk of variability of cash flows resulting from the fluctuations in the BTC price that impact future sales of digital assets. In addition, the Company entered into contracts and earned premiums by agreeing to sell BTC if the price reached specific targets (“BTC call option”) to reduce the risk of variability of cash flows.

Both BTC option contract and BTC call option meet the definition of a cash flow hedge as per IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”). IFRS 9 provides a non-compulsory accounting policy choice of hedge accounting where the Company elected to not apply hedge accounting on BTC option contracts. All derivative financial instruments not designated in a hedge relationship that qualify for hedge accounting are classified as financial instruments at FVTPL. Derivative financial instruments at FVTPL are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value. Changes in the estimated fair value of non-hedge derivatives at each reporting date are included in the statement of profit or loss as non-hedge gain or loss on derivative assets and liabilities.

Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to a third party to receive the cash flows from the financial asset or assumes an obligation to pay the cash flows received in full to a third party without significant delay.

Financial liabilities are derecognized when they are extinguished, which occurs when the obligation defined in the contract is fulfilled, cancelled or expires. A financial liability is fulfilled when the debtor repays the liability by paying cash, providing other financial assets, goods or services, or is otherwise legally released from the liability.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Fair value measurement is based on the assumption that the transaction will take place in the asset’s or the liability’s principal market or, in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. Fair value measurement of non-financial assets takes into account the ability of a market participant to derive economic benefits from the asset through its best use, or by selling it to another market participant capable of using the asset to its best use.

Provisions

Provisions represent liabilities to the Company for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligations and the amounts can be reliably estimated. When the Company expects that part or all of the expense will be refunded, such as an insurance claim, the refund will be recognized as a separate asset only on the date when there is certainty of receiving the asset. The expense will be recognized in the statement of profit or loss net of the expected refund.

Asset retirement provisions

These provisions relate to Backbone and Backbone Argentina’s legal obligation, in relation to its leased properties, to restore the properties to their original condition at the end of the lease period. The provisions are calculated at the present value of the expected costs to settle the obligations using estimated future cash flows discounted at a rate that reflects the risks specific to the obligations. Changes in the estimated future costs, or in the discount rate applied, are recorded as an adjustment of the cost of the related asset.

Share-based transactions

Transactions settled with equity instruments

The cost of employee services paid in equity instruments is measured at the fair value of the equity instruments as of the grant date. The fair value is determined using a generally accepted option pricing model. Equity settled transactions with other services providers are measured at the fair value of the goods or services received in return for the equity instruments. The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized in profit or loss together with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus during the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are to be satisfied and ending on the date on which the relevant employees become entitled to the award (“the vesting period”). The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at the end of each reporting period until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and Management’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.

Expenses related to grants that do not vest are not recognized. Grants where the fair value is determined at the date of the grant based on non-vesting market conditions are treated as vested, assuming all other vesting conditions (service and/or performance) are met.

When the Company modifies the terms of equity-settled transactions, an additional expense is recognized on the date of the modification and is calculated as the increase in the fair value of the compensation granted in excess of the original expense. Cancellation of equity settlement that has not vested is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, with the unrecognized expense recognized immediately. However, if the cancellation is subsequently replaced by a new agreement and is designated as an alternative settlement, then it is treated as a modification of the original agreement as described above.

Earnings per share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if their effect dilutes earnings per share from continuing operations. Potential common shares that were converted during the period are included in diluted earnings per share only up to the conversion date, and from that date are included in basic earnings per share.

Share capital and issue of a unit of securities

Share capital represents the amount received on the issuance of shares, less issuance costs (net of tax).

The issue of a unit of securities involves the allocation of the proceeds received before issue expenses to the securities issued in the unit based on the following order: financial derivatives and other financial instruments measured at fair value in each period. Fair value is then determined for financial liabilities that are measured at amortized cost. The proceeds allocated to equity instruments are determined to be the residual amount. Issue costs are allocated to each component pro rata to the amounts determined for each component in the unit.

The following amendments to existing standards were adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2024:

Amendments to IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”)

Amendments to IFRS 16 require a seller-lessee to subsequently measure lease liabilities arising from a leaseback in a manner that does not recognize any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right-of-use retained. The new requirements do not prevent a seller-lessee from recognizing in profit or loss any gain or loss relating to the partial or full termination of a lease.

Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of the Financial Statements (“IAS 1”)

Amendments to IAS 1 clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current. The amendments help to determine whether, in the consolidated financial statements, debt and other liabilities with an uncertain settlement date should be classified as current (due or potentially due to be settled within one year) or non-current. The amendments also include clarifying the classification requirements for debt that an entity might settle by converting into equity.

Amendments to IAS 1 specify that covenants to be complied with after the reporting date do not affect the classification of debt as current or non-current at the reporting date. Instead, the amendments require information about these covenants be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 7, Statement of Cash Flows (“IAS 7”) and IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures (“IFRS 7”)

Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 introduce disclosure requirements to enhance the transparency of supplier finance arrangements and their effects on an entity’s liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.

The adoption by the Company of the amendments listed above did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Financial Statements.

The following amendments to existing standards have been issued and are applicable to the Company for its annual period beginning on January 1, 2025, with an earlier application permitted:

Amendments to IAS 21, The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates (“IAS 21”)

Amendments to IAS 21 require an entity to apply a consistent approach in assessing whether a currency can be exchanged into another currency and, when it cannot, in determining the exchange rate to use and the disclosures to provide.

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the amendments on the Company’s Financial Statements.

The following amendments to existing standards have been issued and are applicable to the Company for its annual period beginning on January 1, 2026, with an earlier application permitted:

Amendments to IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”) and IFRS 7

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 clarify that financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized and derecognized at settlement date except for regular way purchases or sales of financial assets and financial liabilities meeting conditions for the new exception. The new exception permits companies to elect to derecognize certain financial liabilities settled via electronic payment systems earlier than the settlement date.

These amendments also provide guidelines to assess contractual cash flow characteristics of financial assets, which apply to all contingent cash flows, including those arising from environmental, social, and governance (ESG)-linked features.

In addition, the amendments for investments in equity instruments reported at fair value through other comprehensive income require separately disclosing the fair value gain or loss for investments derecognized in the period and investments held. The amendments added disclosure requirements for financial instruments with contingent features that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows that do not relate directly to basic lending risks and costs.

Furthermore, the amendments to IFRS 9 clarify: i) the requirements to account for an extinguishment of a lessee’s lease liability that results in a gain or loss recognized in net income; and ii) the definition of the term “transaction price”.

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standards on the Company’s Financial Statements.