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Exhibit 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-260460) pertaining to the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(2)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-263178) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(3)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-270240) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and 2022 Inducement Stock Incentive Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(4)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-278427) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(5)
Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-279015) of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(6)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-285701) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and Amended and Restated 2022 Inducement Stock Incentive Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.,

 

(7)
Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-285703) of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc., and

 

(8)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333- 291782) pertaining to the 2025 Stock Incentive Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.;

 

of our report dated March 23, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2025.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Boston, Massachusetts

March 23, 2026