Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
| (1) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-270240) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and 2022 Inducement Stock Incentive Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc., | 
| (2) | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-268264) of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc., | 
| (3) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-263178) pertaining to the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc., and | 
| (4) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-260460) pertaining to the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.; | 
of our report dated April 1, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Xilio Therapeutics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023.
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP  | |
| Boston, Massachusetts | 
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| April 1, 2024 | 
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