DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of the capital stock of Diversified Energy Company, a Delaware corporation, is a summary only. This summary is subject to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”)
and the complete text of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”).
General
Under the Certificate of Incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.
Common Stock
Voting Rights. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, are not entitled to vote on any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the
holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting
rights in the election of directors. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock could, if they so choose, elect all the directors.
Dividends. Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends to the extent permitted by
law when, as and if declared by our board of directors.
Liquidation. Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up, subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, the holders of shares of common
stock are entitled to receive our assets available for distribution to our stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by them.
Other Matters. The Certificate of Incorporation does not entitle holders of our common stock to preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no
redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.
Authorized but Unissued Preferred Stock
Unless required by law or by any stock exchange on which our common stock may be listed, the authorized shares of preferred stock will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders. Delaware
law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), which apply as long as our common stock is listed on NYSE, require stockholder approval of
certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the combined voting power of our common stock and certain issuances to related parties. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to
raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series of preferred stock, and to fix the designation, powers,
preferences, and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, if any, of the shares of each series of preferred stock. Our board of directors is also able to increase or decrease
the number of authorized shares of any series of preferred stock (but not below the number of shares of that series of preferred stock then outstanding) without any further vote or action by the stockholders.
The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock or preferred stock may enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which could render more difficult or discourage
an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and could thereby protect the continuity of our management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of
common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws
Certain provisions of Delaware law, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws could make the acquisition of our company more difficult and could delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or other takeover
attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interest, including takeover attempts that might result in the payment of a premium to stockholders over the market price for their shares. These provisions also may promote the
continuity of our management by making it more difficult for a person to remove or change the incumbent members of our board of directors.
Authorized but Unissued Shares; Undesignated Preferred Stock. The authorized but unissued shares of our common stock are available for future issuance without stockholder
approval except as required by law or by any stock exchange on which our common stock may be listed. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital,
acquisitions and employee benefit plans. In addition, our board of directors may authorize, without stockholder approval, the issuance of undesignated preferred stock with voting rights or other rights or preferences designated from time to time
by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger,
tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.
No Cumulative Voting. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders (1) may be called at any time by our board of
directors; and (2) shall be called by our secretary upon the written request or requests of one or more persons that: (a) own (as defined in the Bylaws) shares representing at least 25% of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to
vote on the matter or matters to be brought before the proposed special meeting as of the record date fixed in accordance with the Bylaws to determine who may deliver a written request to call the special meeting; and (b) comply with such
procedures for calling a special meeting of stockholders as may be set forth in the Bylaws and amended from time to time. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting
pursuant to our notice of meeting.
Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be taken
without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be
necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of our stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. The Certificate of Incorporation precludes
stockholder action by written consent.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Nomination of Directors. The Bylaws require stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of
stockholders, or to nominate individuals for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, to provide timely notice in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the secretary at our principal
executive offices not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day, prior to the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. However, in the event that the date of the annual
meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, such notice will be timely only if delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close
of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the date on which a public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by us. The Bylaws also specify requirements as to the form
and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our meetings of stockholders. These provisions may
also discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the potential acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
Removal of Directors; Vacancies. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that directors may be removed with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of holders of at least a
majority of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon, provided, however, that when the holders of any class or series of preferred stock are entitled to elect one or more directors pursuant to the Certificate of
Incorporation, with respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series, and not the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole, apply. In addition,
the Certificate of Incorporation also provides that any newly created directorship on our board of directors resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors and any vacancies in our board of directors may be filled solely by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director.
Amendments to the Bylaws and the Certificate of Incorporation. The Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws provide that our board of directors is expressly authorized to
adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws without a stockholder vote.
The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of
incorporation, unless the certificate of incorporation requires a greater percentage. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote
thereon, voting together as a single class, is required to amend or repeal, or adopt any provision inconsistent with, the following provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation, among others:
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the provisions regarding our board of directors;
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the provisions precluding stockholder action by written consent;
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the provisions regarding calling special meetings of stockholders;
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the provision requiring a majority vote for stockholders to amend the Bylaws;
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the provisions eliminating monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty by a director or officer;
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the amendment provision requiring that the above provisions be amended only with a 66 2/3% supermajority vote; and
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the provisions regarding the forum for adjudication of disputes.
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Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, those provisions
prohibit a Delaware corporation, including those whose securities are listed for trading on the NYSE, from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder
became an interested stockholder, unless:
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before the person became an interested stockholder, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction in which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder;
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upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the
transaction commenced (other than statutorily excluded shares); or
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on or after the date the interested stockholder attained that status, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders by at least two-thirds of the
outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
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An interested stockholder is defined as a person who, together with any affiliates or associates of such person, beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 15% or more of the outstanding voting shares of a Delaware
corporation. The term “business combination” is broadly defined to include a broad array of transactions, including mergers, consolidations, sales or other dispositions of assets having a total value in excess of 10% of the consolidated assets of
the corporation or all of the outstanding stock of the corporation, and some other transactions that would increase the interested stockholder’s proportionate share ownership in the corporation.
Exclusive Forum. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of our company,
(ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, other employee or stockholder of our company to our company or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision
of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the
State of Delaware, and the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Subject to certain exceptions, the DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and certain officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for
breaches of their fiduciary duties. Under the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL our directors and officers will not be personally liable to our company or any of our stockholders for monetary
damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer. Currently, the DGCL does not permit exculpation of: (a) a director or officer for breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to our company or our stockholders; (b) a
director or officer for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (c) a director for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions, as provided under
Section 174 of the DGCL; (d) a director or officer for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit; or (e) an officer in any action by or in the right of the corporation. Under the Certificate of
Incorporation and the Bylaws, we are required to indemnify each of our directors and certain of our officers, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to certain exceptions.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.